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12,799 results for “Immunization”
Figure 5 from: Demkovych A, Bondarenko Y, Shcherba V, Luchynskyi V, Vitkovskyy V, Machogan V (2021) Quercetin effects on adaptive immune response in experimental periodontitis of bacterial-immune genesis. Pharmacia 68(4): 877-882. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70883
Figure 5 Dynamics of the common B-lymphocytes content in the rat's blood on the 14th day of the research in conditions of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis and treatment by quercetin (% of control). Notes. * – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.01); ● – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.05); # – significant of differences in relation to the animals with periodontitis on the 14th day of the experiment without treatment (p<0.01).
Figure 2 from: Demkovych A, Bondarenko Y, Shcherba V, Luchynskyi V, Vitkovskyy V, Machogan V (2021) Quercetin effects on adaptive immune response in experimental periodontitis of bacterial-immune genesis. Pharmacia 68(4): 877-882. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70883
Figure 2 Dynamics of the content of T-helpers in the rat's blood on the 14th day of the research in conditions of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development and treatment by quercetin (% of control). Notes. * – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.01); ● – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.05); # – significant of differences in relation to the animals with periodontitis on the 14th day of the experiment without treatment (p<0.01).
Figure 4 from: Demkovych A, Bondarenko Y, Shcherba V, Luchynskyi V, Vitkovskyy V, Machogan V (2021) Quercetin effects on adaptive immune response in experimental periodontitis of bacterial-immune genesis. Pharmacia 68(4): 877-882. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70883
Figure 4 Dynamics of immunoregulatory index on the 14th day of the research in conditions of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development and treatment by quercetin (% of control). Notes. * – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.01); # – significant of differences in relation to the animals with periodontitis on the 14th day of the experiment without treatment (p<0.01).
Figure 3 from: Demkovych A, Bondarenko Y, Shcherba V, Luchynskyi V, Vitkovskyy V, Machogan V (2021) Quercetin effects on adaptive immune response in experimental periodontitis of bacterial-immune genesis. Pharmacia 68(4): 877-882. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70883
Figure 3 Dynamics of the content of T-effectors in the rat's blood on the 14th day of the research in conditions of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development and treatment by quercetin (% of control). Notes. * – significant of differences in relation to the intact animals (p<0.01); # – significant of differences in relation to the animals with periodontitis on the 14th day of the experiment without treatment (p<0.01).
Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should adjust their brood sex ratio to maximize fitness returns in relation to parental investment. Adaptive adjustment of sex ratio may be driven by differential costs of rearing sons and daughters or differential benefits of investing limited resources into offspring of different sex. In both cases, possible sex ratio bias should depend on parental condition. For sexually dimorphic birds with males larger than females, sons may be less likely to fledge since they are more vulnerable to food shortages or because they have impaired immunocompetence due to higher testosterone levels. Poor condition females should thus overproduce daughters to minimize possible reproductive failure. We manipulated the number of eggs laid and the amount of food available to laying females to induce differences in the condition in two gull species differing in sexual size-dimorphism. In the Black-headed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</em>), sexual size differences are marginal, but in the Mew Gull (Larus canus, MG) males are 11% larger. In both species, females forced to lay an additional egg (presumed in worse condition) overproduced daughters, while females receiving supplemental food before laying (presumed improved condition) overproduced sons. This sex ratio skew was larger in MG, species with larger size dimorphism. Chick immunocompetence at hatching was unrelated to sex, being higher in broods of fed mothers and lower for chicks hatched from last-laid eggs. Chick survival between hatching and day 5 post-hatch was positively related to their immunocompetence, but chicks from last-laid eggs and males of the more dimorphic species (MG) survived less well. Results indicate that costs of raising larger sex offspring coupled with parental condition shape brood sex ratio in populations studied. Adaptive brood sex ratio adjustment occurs mostly before egg-laying and includes differential sex allocation in eggs depending on the probability of producing a fledged chick.</p>
Dataset related to publication: Presenilin 2 N141I mutation induces hyperactive immune response through the epigenetic repression of REV-ERBα
<p>The datasets include raw data and analyzed DMR ratio from methylation sequencing. </p>
Data from: Physiological and transcriptional immune responses of a non-model arthropod to infection with different entomopathogenic groups
<p>Insect immune responses to multiple pathogen groups including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes have traditionally been documented in model insects such as <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, or medically important insects such as <em>Aedes aegypti</em>. Despite their potential importance in understanding the efficacy of pathogens as biological control agents, these responses are infrequently studied in agriculturally important pests. Additionally, studies often neglect to investigate responses against different pathogen groups, and typically focus on only a single time point during infection. As such, a robust understanding of immune system responses over the time of infection is often lacking. This study was conducted to understand how 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae of the major insect pest <em>Helicoverpa zea</em> responded over time to infection by four different pathogenic groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes. Physiological immune responses were assessed at 4-, 24-, and 48-hours post-infection by measuring hemolymph phenoloxidase concentrations, hemolymph prophenoloxidase concentrations, hemocyte counts, and encapsulation ability. Transcriptional immune responses were measured at 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-infection by quantifying the expression of <em>PPO2</em>, <em>Argonaute-2</em>, <em>JNK</em>, <em>Dorsal</em>, and <em>Relish</em>. This gene set covers the major known immune pathways: phenoloxidase cascade, siRNA, JNK pathway, Toll pathway, and IMD pathway. Our results indicate <em>H. zea</em> has an extreme immune response to <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> bacteria, a mild response to <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> nucleopolyhedrovirus, and no detectable response to either the fungus <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> or <em>Steinernema carpocapsae </em>nematodes.</p>
Dataset related to article "Deciphering the Labyrinthine System of the Immune Microenvironment in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Recent Original Advances and Lessons from Clinical Immunotherapeutic Approaches"
<p>raw data supporting study mentioned at title</p>
Modeling of waning immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and influencing factors - minimum dataset
<p>This is the minimum dataset to reproduce the statistical analysis performed in the manuscript entitled "Modeling of waning immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and influencing factors" by Pérez-Alós, L. et al. (2022).</p>
Relating wing morphology and immune function to patterns of partial and differential bat migration using stable isotopes
<p>Migration is energetically expensive and is predicted to drive similar morphological adaptations and physiological trade-offs in migratory bats and birds. Previous studies suggest that fixed traits like wing morphology vary among species and individuals according to selective pressures on flight, while immune defenses can vary flexibly within individuals as energy is variably reallocated throughout the year.</p> <p>We assessed intraspecific variation in wing morphology and immune function in silver-haired bats (<em>Lasionycteris noctivagans)</em>, a species that follows both partial and differential migration patterns. We hypothesized that if bats experience energy constraints associated with migration, then wing morphology and immune function should vary based on migratory tendency (sedentary or migratory) and migration distance. We predicted that long-distance migrants would have reduced immune function and more migration-adapted wing shapes compared to resident or short-distance migrating bats.</p> <p>We estimated breeding latitude of spring migrants using stable hydrogen isotope techniques. Our sample consisted primarily of male bats, which we categorized as residents, long-distance northern migrants, short-distance northern migrants, and southern migrants (apparent breeding location south of capture site). Controlling for individual condition and capture date, we related wing characteristics and immune indices among groups.</p> <p>Some, but not all, aspects of wing form and immune function varied between migrants and residents. Long-distance northern migrants had larger wings than short-distance northern migrants and lower wing loading than southern migrants. Compared with resident bats, short-distance northern migrants had reduced IgG while southern migrants had heightened neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. Body fat, aspect ratio, wing tip shape, and bacteria killing ability did not vary with migration status or distance.</p> <p>In general, male silver-haired bats do not appear to mediate migration costs by substantially downregulating immune defenses or to be under stronger selection for wing forms adapted for fast, energy-efficient flight. Such phenotypic changes may be more adaptive for female silver-haired bats, which migrate farther and are more constrained by time in spring than males. Adaptations for aerial hawking and the use of heterothermy by migrating bats may also reduce the energetic cost of migration and the need for more substantial morphological and physiological trade-offs.</p>
Altered Frequencies and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma Patients Are Modulated by Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors
<p>Raw data related to limphocytes subpopulation.</p> <p>This work was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research (IG15521 and IG20312); Wenner-Gren Foundation, Sweden; Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) PRIN 2017 2017M8YMR8_002; Fondazione NIBIT, Siena, Italy (grants to EC) and Italian Ministry of Health (IT-MOH) through “Ricerca Corrente”, grants number M2-2 (grants to PAA). CMC was supported by EFIS-IL Short Term Fellowship and EACR Travel Fellowship.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Transmissible cancer influences immune gene expression in an endangered marsupial, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
<p>Understanding wildlife diseases' effects on populations requires insight into local environmental conditions, host defence mechanisms, host life-history trade-offs, pathogen population dynamics, and their interactions. The survival of Tasmanian devils (<em>Sarcophilus harrisii</em>) is challenged by a novel, fitness limiting pathogen, Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a clonally transmissible, contagious cancer. In order to understand the devils' capacity to respond to DFTD, it is crucial to gain information on factors influencing the devils' immune system. By using RT-qPCR, we investigated how DFTD infection in association with intrinsic (sex and age) and environmental (season) factors influences the expression of 10 immune genes in Tasmanian devil blood. Our study showed that the expression of immune genes (both innate and adaptive) differed across seasons, a pattern that was altered when infected with DFTD. The expression of immunogbulins IgE and IgM:IgG showed downregulation in colder months in DFTD infected animals. We also observed strong positive association between the expression of an innate immune gene, CD16, and DFTD infection. Our results demonstrate that sampling across seasons, age groups and environmental conditions are beneficial when deciphering the complex eco-evolutionary interactions of not only conventional host-parasite systems, but also of host and diseases with high mortality rates, such as transmissible cancers.</p>
Avian auditory hair cell regeneration is accompanied by JAK/STAT-dependent expression of immune-related genes in supporting cells
<p>Normalized log count matrix and single cell experiment container</p>
The effects of host plant species and larval density on immune function in the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis
<p>Immune functions are costly and immune investment is usually dependent on the individual's condition and resource availability. For phytophagous insects, host plant quality has large effects on performance, e.g. growth and survival, and may also affect their immune function. Polyphagous insects often experience a large variation in quality among different host plant species, and their immune investment may thus vary depending on which host plant species they develop on. Larvae of the polyphagous moth <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>have previously been found to exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis as they invest more in certain immune responses in high population densities. In addition, the immune response of <i>S. littoralis </i>has been shown to depend on nutrient quality in experiments with artificial diet. Here, I studied the effects of natural host plant diet and larval density on a number of immune responses to understand if host plant species affects immune investment in generalist insects, and if the density-dependent prophylaxis could be mediated by host plant species. While host plant species in general did not mediate the density-dependent immune expression, particular host plant species was found to increase larval investment in certain functions of the immune system. Interestingly, these results indicate that different host plants may provide a polyphagous species with protection against different kinds of antagonisms. This insight may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between preference and performance in generalists, as well as having applied consequences for sustainable pest management.</p>
Cuproptosis-related genes in colorectal cancer: prognostic significance, immune function, methylation, and regulation
<p>Despite recent advances in therapeutic options, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. A recently identified mode of cell death, cuproptosis is yet to be understood in the context of CRC. Herein, we identified a cuproptosis-related three-gene signature that correlates with CRC survival in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. With this signature, a nomogram was constructed with new prognostic values, and CDKN2A was identified as an independent risk factor for CRC. Furthermore, CDKN2A expression was significantly correlated with both immune cell infiltration and the immune response. A pan-cancer analysis also revealed the prognostic value and immunological correlations of CDKN2A in other tumor types. Additionally, downregulation of CDKN2A was associated with methylation of m6A. Last but not least, we constructed a ceRNA network to discover the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-125b-5p/CDKN2A regulatory pathway in CRC. In this study, we provided insights into the role of cuproptosis in CRC and identified CDKN2A as an important cuproptosis-related gene. These results need to be verified by further research.</p>
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent type 1 diabetes induced by immune checkpoint blockade
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Aims/hypothesis</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> Immunomodulators blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers. These immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reactivate the immune system against tumour cells but can also trigger autoimmune side effects, including type 1 diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is the most prevalent cell therapy, with tissue-regenerating, anti-fibrosis and immunomodulatory functions provided by the secretome of the cells. Here, we examined whether systemic MSC treatment could prevent the development of type 1 diabetes in a NOD mouse model.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Methods</strong> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>The purified PD-L1 monoclonal antibody was administered to induce diabetes in male NOD mice which normally do not develop diabetes. Human adipose-derived MSCs were administered by tail vein injections. T cells, macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages expressing C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in pancreatic sections of NOD mice and a cancer patient who developed diabetes following the ICI treatments were analysed by immunofluorescence. Tissue localisation of the injected MSCs, plasma exosome levels and plasma cytokine profiles were also investigated.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Results</strong> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induced diabetes in 16 of 25 (64%) NOD mice which received anti-PD-L1 mAb without hMSCs [MSC(−)], whereas MSC administration decreased the incidence to four of 21 (19%) NOD mice which received anti-PD-L1 mAb and hMSCs [MSC(+)]. The PD-1/PD-L1 blockade significantly increased the area of CD3-positive T cells (6.2-fold) and Macrophage-2 (Mac-2) antigen (2.5-fold)- and CXCL9 (40.3-fold)-positive macrophages in the islets. MSCs significantly reduced T cell (45%) and CXCL9-positive macrophage (67%) accumulation in the islets and the occurrence of diabetes. The insulin content (1.9-fold) and islet beta cell area (2.7-fold) were also improved by MSCs. T cells and CXCL9-positive macrophages infiltrated into the intricate gaps between the beta cells in the islets by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Such immune cell infiltration was largely prevented by MSCs. The most striking difference was observed in the CXCL9-positive macrophages, which normally did not reside in the beta cell region in the islets but abundantly accumulated in this area after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and were prevented by MSCs. The CXCL9-positive macrophages were also observed in the islets of a cancer patient who developed diabetes following the administration of ICIs but little was observed in a control patient. Mechanistically, the injected MSCs accumulated in the lung but not in the pancreas and strongly increased plasma exosome levels and changed plasma cytokine profiles.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Conclusions/interpretation</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> Our results suggest that MSCs can prevent the incidence of diabetes associated with immune checkpoint cancer therapy and may be worth further consideration for new adjuvant cell therapy.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Data availability</strong> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>All datasets were deposited to DOI https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1fh.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Prigot-Maurice C, Depeux C, Paulhac H, Braquart-Varnier C, Beltran-Bech S (2022) Immune priming in Armadillidium vulgare against Salmonella enterica: direct or indirect costs on life history traits? In: De Smedt P, Taiti S, Sfenthourakis S, Campos-Filho IS (Eds) Facets of terrestrial isopod biology. ZooKeys 1101: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.77216
Tables S1–S4, Figures S1–S3
Supplemental files for Immuno-microbial signature of vaccine-induced immunity of SARS-CoV-2
<p>Supplemental files for Immuno-microbial signature of vaccine-induced immunity of SARS-CoV-2 </p>
TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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Spatial distribution pattern of immune cells is associated with patient prognosis in colorectal cancer
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.