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7,883 results for “Tropic”
FIGURE 5 in A remarkable burrow-dwelling alpheid shrimp, new genus and new species, from the tropical eastern Pacific (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea)
FIGURE 5. Pachelpheus pachyacanthus gen. et sp. nov., paratype, female (cl 3.6 mm) from Isla Rancheria, Coiba Archipelago, Panama (FLMNH UF 51918): A—second pereiopod, lateral view; B—same, chela, mesial view; C—third pereiopod, lateral view; D—same, distal portion of carpus, propodus and dactylus, lateral view; E—fourth pereiopod, lateral view; F—fifth pereiopod, lateral view; G—same, ischium and merus, dorsomesial view; H—same, ischium and merus, lateral view; I—same, distal portion of carpus, propodus and dactylus, mesial view.
FIGURE 6 in A remarkable burrow-dwelling alpheid shrimp, new genus and new species, from the tropical eastern Pacific (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea)
FIGURE 6. Pachelpheus pachyacanthus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.5 mm) from Isla Rancheria, Coiba Archipelago, Panama (FLMNH UF 51917), living individual: A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author.
FIGURE 2 in A remarkable burrow-dwelling alpheid shrimp, new genus and new species, from the tropical eastern Pacific (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea)
FIGURE 2. Pachelpheus pachyacanthus gen. et sp. nov., paratype, female (cl 3.6 mm) from Isla Rancheria, Coiba Archipelago, Panama (FLMNH UF 51918) [A–G, K, L]; holotype, male (cl 3.5 mm) from the same locality (FLMNH UF 51917) [H–J]: A—frontal margin, dorsal view; B—same, lateral view; C—fifth and sixth pleonites, lateral view; D—telson, dorsal view; E—same, detail of posterior margin, dorsal view; F—ventromesial carina on first article of antennular peduncle, lateral view; G—antennal scaphocerite, dorsal view; H—male first pleopod, mesial (posterior) view; I—male second pleopod, mesial (posterior) view; J—same, appendix masculina and appendix interna, lateral (anterior) view; K—uropod, dorsal view; L—same, detail of distolateral angle of exopod and spiniform setae, dorsal and slightly posterior view.
FIGURE 8 in Unesconia coibensis, gen. et sp. nov., a miniature sponge-associated shrimp from a biodiversity hotspot in the tropical eastern Pacific (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
FIGURE 8. Unesconia coibensis gen. et sp. nov., paratype, ovigerous female (pocl 2.1 mm, cl 3.0 mm) from Canales de Afuera, Coiba Archipelago, Panama (FLMNH UF 51928) [A–H]; allotype, male (pocl 1.7 mm, cl 2.8 mm) from the same locality (FLMNH UF 51927) [I, J]: A—third pereiopod, lateral view; B—same, propodus and dactylus, mesial view; C—same, distal portion of propodus and dactylus, lateral view; D—fourth pereiopod, lateral view; E—same, propodus and dactylus, mesial view; F—same, distal portion of propodus and dactylus, lateral view; G—fifth pereiopod, lateral view; H—same, propodus and dactylus, mesial view; I—male second pleopod, posterior ("lateral") view; J—same, detail of appendix masculina and appendix interna, drawn without scale.
Figure 5 in Three new Mexican species of the endemic Athysanini leafhopper genus Devolana DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the tropical dry forest
Figure 5. Devolana tuxcacuensis Pinedo-Escatel and Aguilar-Pérez, sp. nov., site of habitat and collection. (a–c) Area covered by tropical dry forest at sampled site; (d) position and functionality of light trap used during the collections in the site (photo by GRJ).
Figure 3 in Three new Mexican species of the endemic Athysanini leafhopper genus Devolana DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the tropical dry forest
Figure 3. Devolana tuxcacuensis Pinedo-Escatel and Aguilar-Pérez, sp. nov., holotype male genitalia: (a) pygofer, dorsal; (b) pygofer, lateral; (c) valve, ventral; (d) subgenital plate, ventral; (e) aedeagus, lateral; (f) apex of aedeagus, caudal; (g) aedeagus, ventral; (h) left style, dorsal; (i) connective, dorsal.
Data from a model inter-comparison study to examine limiting factors in modelling Australian tropical savannas
<p>The modelling results of Whitley et al. (2016), consisting of the models BESS, BIOS2, CABLE, LPJ-GUESS, MAESPA and SPA, for five sites along the North-Australian Tropical Transect.</p> <p><strong>References</strong><br> Whitley, R., Beringer, J., Hutley, L.B., Abramowitz, G., De Kauwe, M.G., Duursma, R., Evans, B., Haverd, V., Li, L., Ryu, Y., Smith, B., Wang, Y.-P., Williams, M., Yu, Q., 2016. A model inter-comparison study to examine limiting factors in modelling Australian tropical savannas. Biogeosciences 13, 3245–3265. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3245-2016</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 3 in In situ observations lead to the discovery of the large ctenophore Kiyohimea usagi (Lobata: Eurhamphaeidae) in the eastern tropical Atlantic
FIGURE 3. Schematic illustration of the gastrovascular system of Kiyohimea usagi showing in black the auricle (AC), circumlobal canal (CLC), substomodaeal canal (SSMC), and in dark grey the subtentacular meridional canal (STMC), in light grey the translobal meridional canal (TLMC), and in white the oral canal (OC).
FIGURE 4 in In situ observations lead to the discovery of the large ctenophore Kiyohimea usagi (Lobata: Eurhamphaeidae) in the eastern tropical Atlantic
FIGURE 4. Fly-by observations of Kiyohimea usagi made by the pelagic in situ observation system PELAGIOS.
FIGURE 6 in Etrocorema yunnanensis sp. nov., a new species of the tropical genus Etrocorema (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China
FIGURE 6. Etrocorema yunnanensis sp. nov., A. female habitus, dorsal view; B. female habitus, ventral view; C. female terminalia, ventral view. ST = sternum.
FIGURE 5 in Etrocorema yunnanensis sp. nov., a new species of the tropical genus Etrocorema (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China
FIGURE 5. Etrocorema yunnanensis sp. nov., A–B. aedeagus before dissection; C. everted aedeagus, lateral view; D. everted aedeagus, ventral view; E. everted aedeagus, dorsal view. Dorsoapical ridges indicated with white arrows.
Data for: Wind drives temporal variation in pollinator visitation in a fragmented tropical forest
<p>Data for "Wind drives temporal variation in pollinator visitation in a fragmented tropical forest." Files include:</p> <p>1. Data on orchid bee abundance and species identification.</p> <p>2. Data for collection sessions, including forest cover at each site, as well as wind data for the specific time period of the collection, and overall abundance counts, etc.</p> <p>3. R scripts to recreate statistical presented in the paper, using the two datasets described above.</p>
Distribution. Widely distributed through out tropical Africa from Senegal E to ex treme W Uganda and E DR Congo, with isolated populations in W Angola, SE Ken ya, and N, NE & SE Tanzania; also on Bioko I. in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)
Distribution. Widely distributed through out tropical Africa from Senegal E to ex treme W Uganda and E DR Congo, with isolated populations in W Angola, SE Ken ya, and N, NE & SE Tanzania; also on Bioko I.
Dataset: Seasonality, drivers, and isotopic composition of soil CO2 fluxes from tropical forests of the Congo Basin
<p>These data sets contain data from soil CO2 flux measurements and its drivers (soil moisture, soil temperature) from lowland and montane tropical forests of the Congo Basin. Additionally, 13C values of soil emitted CO2, SOC, Leaflitter, and stream dissolved CO2 are reported. A Manuscript using these data sets has been submitted to Biogeosciences</p>
Past and future decline of tropical pelagic biodiversity
<p>A major research question concerning global pelagic biodiversity remains unanswered: when did the apparent tropical biodiversity depression (i.e., bimodality of latitudinal diversity gradient [LDG]) begin? The bimodal LDG may be a consequence of recent ocean warming or of deep-time evolutionary speciation and extinction processes. Using rich time-slice datasets of planktonic foraminifers, we show here that a unimodal (or only weakly bimodal) diversity gradient, with a plateau in the tropics, occurred during the last ice age and has since then developed into a bimodal gradient through species distribution shifts driven by postglacial ocean warming. The bimodal LDG likely emerged before the Anthropocene (here defined as ∼1950) and perhaps ∼15,000 y ago, indicating a strong environmental control of tropical diversity even before the start of anthropogenic warming. However, our model projections suggest future anthropogenic warming further diminishes tropical pelagic diversity to a level not seen in millions of years.</p>
FIGURE 9 in First record of Synagelides Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka description of four endemic species from tropical wet forest of the island
FIGURE 9. Synagelides orlandoi sp. nov. A–B, male (A, dorsal view; B, ventral view). C–E left palp (C, prolateral view; D, ventral view; E, retrolateral view). Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: implications for restoration
<ol> <li>Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially influence dispersal and their restoration outcomes.</li> <li>Here we investigated the effects of bird and plant traits, and distance to forest fragments, on the seed rain using a tree-planting experiment replicated in 12 deforested sites in Brazil. Factors were fruit traits of pioneer trees (wind-dispersed, bird-dispersed with lipids or with carbohydrates, and controls) and distance (10, 50, 300 m) from forest fragments.</li> <li>We found that density and richness of birds and seeds decreased exponentially with distance from fragments, yet these effects were minor compared to the effects of fruit traits on the structure of the seed rain.</li> <li>Overall, plots with fleshy-fruited pioneers attracted much greater bird activity and seed dispersal than plots with wind-dispersal pioneers and the controls. For instance, plots with carbohydrate-rich fruits received more than twice the average species richness and density of birds and seeds of plots with lipid-rich pioneer trees, surpassing wind-dispersed pioneers by more than 80%, and controls by over 90%. Furthermore, the fruit trait treatments resulted in morphological shifts in the average traits of visiting birds. Significant differences in bill gape and flight capacities (wing-loading) were associated with the differences in the seed rain associated with each treatments.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Understanding how trait-matching processes mediating mutualistic seed dispersal by frugivores interact with distance-dependent dispersal limitation on deforested tropical landscapes is critical for improving forest restoration efforts. This is especially relevant in the context of applied nucleation. As shown here, avian seed dispersal can thus be manipulated in restoration projects in order to increase connectivity and speed up forest recovery and the provision of the multiple ecosystem services that follow forest succession.</li> </ol>
Data from: Forest structure determines spatial changes in avian community along an elevational gradient in tropical Africa
Aim To test if tree species richness and forest structure drive spatial variation in avian communities along a tropical elevation gradient and to present information about the role of detailed forest parameters. Location A 2000-m long elevational gradient of tropical forest on Mt. Cameroon, west-central Africa. Taxon Birds and trees. Methods We performed bird censuses and vegetation mapping at the same plots across six forested sites at elevations of 350, 650, 1,100, 1,500, 1,850, and 2,200 m a.s.l., with 16 plots per elevation. We tested the effects of elevation, forest structure and tree diversity on the species richness, functional diversity and β-diversity of birds (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We used conditional inference trees based on random forests (RF) to investigate these relationships across all elevation sites as well as within elevations. Results Both tree and bird species richness declined monotonically with elevation. Vegetation structure correlated with elevation, and all vegetation attributes significantly differed among elevations. The RF explained 70% of the variance in avian species richness, with the most important predictors being elevation, proportion of dead trees, tree species richness and herb layer coverage. We found that elevation (and shrub layerE2) was a particularly important predictor of avian functional diversity. We identified no important predictor of bird species richness after standardization within elevations, and the proportion of dead trees was the sole important predictor of functional diversity. Within-elevation β-diversity in avian community composition was determined by the dissimilarity of the tree community and differences in leaf area index, solar radiation and spatial distance. The functional dissimilarity was best explained by leaf area index. Main conclusions Apart from elevation itself, spatial distance even within elevations correlated with compositional and functional variation among avian assemblages. Forest structural traits can have a significant influence on distribution of birds. Thus, gaps in the spatial distribution of species such as along elevations might be caused by fine-scale recognition of suitable habitats.
Data from: Metropolitan lizards? Urbanization gradient and the density of lagartixas (Tropidurus hispidus) in a tropical city
Urbanization, with its cohort of environmental stressors, has a dramatic effect on wildlife, causing loss of biodiversity and decline in population abundance customarily associated with increasing levels of impervious surface and fragmentation of native habitats. Some studies suggest that faunal species from open habitats, and with higher abundance in natural environments, seem more likely to tolerate and live in urban environments. Here I evaluate how the level of urbanization affects lagartixas (Tropidurus hispidus) one of the most common lizards found in open vegetation ecosystems in NE Brazil. I surveyed a total of 47 transects across sites that differed in proportion of impervious surface (high, mild, peri-urban and rural). I also collected specific biotic (herbaceous cover, tree and arthropod abundance) and abiotic (amount of shelters and impervious surfaces) factors that could affect lagartixas abundance. Ants were the most common arthropod both in the rural and urban environment. Lagartixas thrive in urban environments and trees and shelter were key predictors of their abundance. Lagartixas show a clear association with use of artificial structures. The low densities of lagartixas in rural areas and higher density in urbanized areas suggests that they colonized urban areas due to the hard surfaces and they probably are not exploiting a novel habitat, but somewhat responding to conditions resembling those in which they evolved. Finally, lagartixas are extremely common in tropical cities, they have a suite of features that are associated with selective pressures in cities and they might play a key functional role in urban ecosystems making this lizard an excellent system for the study of ecology and adaptation to the urban environments.
Data from: Pantropical geography of lightning-caused disturbance and its implications for tropical forests
<p>Lightning is a major agent of disturbance, but its ecological effects in the tropics are unquantified. Here, we used ground and satellite sensors to quantify the geography of lightning strikes in terrestrial tropical ecosystems, and to evaluate whether spatial variation in lightning frequency is associated with variation in tropical forest structure and dynamics. Between 2013 and 2018, tropical terrestrial ecosystems received an average of 100.4 million lightning strikes per year, and the frequency of strikes was spatially autocorrelated at local-to-continental scales. Lightning strikes were more frequent in forests, savannas, and urban areas than in grasslands, shrublands, and croplands. Higher lightning frequency was positively associated with woody biomass turnover and negatively associated with aboveground biomass and the density of large trees (trees ha<sup>-1</sup>) in forests across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Extrapolating from the only tropical forest study that comprehensively assessed tree damage and mortality from lightning strikes, we estimate that lightning directly damages ca. 832 million trees in tropical forests annually, of which ca. 194 million die. The similarly high lightning frequency in tropical savannas suggests that lightning also influences savanna tree mortality rates and ecosystem processes. These patterns indicate that lightning-caused disturbance plays a major and largely unappreciated role in pantropical ecosystem dynamics and global carbon cycling.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.