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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
LiDAR-derived voxel-based leaf area density distribution data of urban trees
<p>This dataset includes 3D tree models and radiative transfer codes used in a paper entitled "Simulating the 3D distribution of absorbed shortwave radiation in a tree crown: comparison of simplified and Monte Carlo models" submitted to the JGR: Atmospheres.</p>
Data from: On the role of water table depth and urbanization on groundwater drought susceptibility
<p>Propagation of meteorological drought to groundwater drought is mediated by a range of natural and human-induced drivers. Using long-term (1978–2020)<em> in-situ</em> groundwater level depth (GWD) time series from 2,928 pairs of monitoring wells, this study assesses the role of two such drivers, viz., GWD and urbanization, on groundwater drought characteristics. Results show that locations with deeper GWD often experience less frequent but more intense groundwater droughts with longer average duration. In contrast, urbanization is generally associated with a reduction in groundwater drought duration and an increase in its frequency. Relative to the influence of GWD, urbanization's imprint on groundwater drought characteristics is muted. These findings can aid in improved assessment of groundwater drought risks, and for devising more effective drought adaptation measures.</p>
Genova - Urban green space accessibility and distribution
<p>Results of the evaluation of urban green space accessibility and distribution in Genova.</p>
Eindhoven - Urban green space accessibility and distribution
<p>Results of the evaluation of urban green space accessibility and distribution in Eindhoven.</p>
Urban tolerance data for African insectivorous bats
<p>With increasing urbanization, particularly in developing countries, it is important to understand how local biota will respond to such landscape changes. Bats comprise one of the most diverse groups of mammals in urban areas, and many species are threatened by habitat destruction and land use change. Yet, in Africa, the response of bats to urban areas is relatively understudied. Therefore, we collated data on urban presence, phylogenetic relationship, and ecological traits of 54 insectivorous bats in Africa from available literature to test if their response to urbanization was phylogenetically and/or ecologically driven. Ancestral state reconstruction of urban tolerance, defined by functional group and presence observed in urban areas, suggests that ancestral African bat species could adapt to urban landscapes, and significant phylogenetic signal for urban tolerance indicates that this ability is evolutionarily conserved and mediated by pre‐adaptations. Specifically, traits of high wing loading and aspect ratio, and flexible roosting strategies, enable occupancy of urban areas. Therefore, our results identify the traits that predict which bat species will likely occur in urban areas, and which vulnerable bat clades conservation efforts should focus on to reduce loss of both functional and phylogenetic diversity in Africa. We, additionally, highlight several gaps in research that should be investigated in future studies to provide better monitoring of the impact urbanization will have on African bats.</p>
Summertime divergence profile over Beijing urban areas as calculated from the radar wind profile MESONET in Beijing
<p>This dataset contains the divergence profiles over Beijing urban areas at 1-h intervals as calculated based on the continuous measurements of horizontal wind from the radar wind profiler MESONET in Beijing. This dataset covered the period from May to September. It is stored in Matlab format. The divergence is organized by an array of 66*24*153 (height * hour * day), and h is its corresponding altitude layer.</p>
AALTO - Analysis of Drone Propagation With Ray Tracing From Sub-6 GHz Upto TeraHertz Frequencies in a Real World Urban Environment - DATA
<p>The data set includes simulation results from radio propagation modelling of TERAWAY links (at W, D and THz bands) in realistic 3D propagation environments. The modelling is performed using a Ray Tracing Tool developed in MATLAB environment at Aalto University. Ray tracing technique used in this tool is based on Image Theory (IT) algorithm. Unlike a quasi three-dimensional environment, it supports ray tracing in full three dimension. </p> <p>This data set contains propagation modelling results of the TERAWAY link. Output data includes (but is not limited to): Multipath component IDs, Path Distance (meter), Angle of Arrival AoA (degree), Angle of Departure AoD (degree), Direction of Arrival DoA (degree), Direction of Departure DoD (degree), E-Field (Volt/meter), H-Field (Ampere/meter), Phase (Radians), Power (Watts), Number of reflections a path experienced, Number of diffractions a path experienced, information that is it ground reflected path or not, Receiver location (x and y coordinates), information that is it rooftop path or not.</p>
Data from: Herbivory on the pedunculate oak along an urbanization gradient in Europe: effects of impervious surface, local tree cover and insect feeding guild
<p><span>Urbanization is recognized as an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are controversial. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra-urban variability in forest cover. W</span>ith the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effect of urbanization and local canopy cover on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak (<em>Quercus robur</em>) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf-mining and gall-inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing urbanization around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of urbanization. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of urbanization on leaf-miners and strengthened its effect on gall-inducers. These results show the complexity of plant-herbivore interactions in urbanized areas, highlighting that the presence of local canopy cover within cities has the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of urbanization on biotic interactions.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Discovery of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from the urban river Huaxi in Guiyang, China
FIGURE 4. Habitat of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. A. Surrounding of the type locality: Huaxi River (Guiyang City, Guizhou, China); B. Micrhabitat at Huaxi River; C. Ditto; D. Mr. Xiu-Dong Huang working during the aquatic beetle survery; E. Living adult of elimd beetles found in Huaxi River, Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov.; F. Ditto, Ancyronyx sp.; G. Ditto, Leptelmis vittata Zhang, Su & Yang, 2003; H. Ditto, Lepelmis sp.
FIGURE 3 in Discovery of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from the urban river Huaxi in Guiyang, China
FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. (A–D & F–I male, E & J–K female). A. Prosternal process; B. Metaventrite; C. Abdomen; D & E. Protarsus; F. Aedeagus, ventral view; G. Ditto, lateral view; H. Ditto, dorsal view; I. Ditto, apex of median and paramere; J. Segment IX and spiculum gastrale; K. Ovipositor.
FIGURE 2 in Discovery of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from the urban river Huaxi in Guiyang, China
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Pronotum, dorsal view; C. Elytra, dorsal view; D. Pronotum and elytra, lateral view.
Urban soil quality is being deteriorated even with low heavy metal levels: An arthropod-based multi-indices approach
<p><span>Urban-induced habitat conversion drastically changes soil life in a variety of ways. Soil sealing, human disturbance, habitat fragmentation, industrial and vehicular pollution are the main causes of urban soil degradation. Soil arthropods, as the most abundant and diverse group of soil fauna, are involved in many soil processes that are of great importance in maintaining soil health and multifunctionality. Nevertheless, soil quality is still mainly characterized by physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we assessed and compared the biological soil quality in woody (REF: reference forest, REM: remnant forest) and non-woody (TURF: public turfgrass, and RUD: ruderal habitat) types of urban green spaces along a disturbance and management intensity gradient in the Budapest metropolitan area (Hungary), using community metrics and soil arthropod-based indicators. Vegetation cover and landscape characteristics of study sites were quantified through vegetation and urbanization indices, respectively. Basic soil properties, total and bioavailable concentrations of the main heavy metals (Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Zn) were also measured. </span></p> <p><span>Acari, Collembola, and Hymenoptera (mainly Formicidae) were the most abundant groups. Litter-dweller taxa, particularly Protura, proved to be the most sensitive to urban disturbance. Representatives of Hemiptera, Diptera, Symphyla, and Pauropoda were common in low densities. Soil arthropod assemblages in RUD and TURF were more diverse taxonomically than in REM and REF sites. Although the integrated faunal indices showed no differences among soil habitat types, they provided different responses and, consequently, different information. Our findings demonstrated that the biological quality and arthropod community structure of soils were strongly impacted by soil C/N and heavy metal contamination. </span></p> <p><span>We found that low and moderate levels of pollution have adverse effects on edaphic fauna, suggesting biological degradation of soils, even below pollution limits. Nevertheless, more disturbed urban green spaces have been shown to play a significant role in maintaining belowground biodiversity, thereby soil functions.</span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Location of the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, the two sampled sites (A), the land use systems, grass lawn (GL) and native vegetation (NV) within each site, Universidade Positivo—UP (B) and Casa Verde—CV (C).
dataset for "Anthropogenic dust as a significant source of ice-nucleating particles in the urban environment"
<p>These are data that correspond to the publication of "anthropogenic dust ice nucleating particles"</p>
Data for "Revealing the sources and sinks of negative cluster ions in an urban environment through quantitative analysis"
<p>This file consists of the detection efficiency of APi-TOF, the time series of total negative cluster ions and CS in urban Beijing, and the average spectrums of negative clusters ions measured by APi-TOF during haze and clean periods in urban Beijing, which have been analyzed in the manuscript "Revealing the sources and sinks of negative cluster ions in an urban environment through quantitative analysis". For more details, please contact the author (rujing.yin@helsinki.fi).</p>
Influence of the land use of the foraging area on the physico-chemical properties of the honey of the honey bee, Apis mellifera , in the urban and peri-urban landscape of Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo
<p>Dataset of the study site land cover and honey physico-chemical quality</p>
FIG. 3 in Burrow Characteristics and Habitat Associations of Gopher Tortoises in Urban Pine Rockland Reserves (Miami, Florida, USA)
FIG. 3. Characteristics of Gopher Tortoise burrows at two sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. (A) Polar plots for Gopher Tortoise burrow orientations. There was no trend in direction of burrow opening at either site. (B) Burrow openings were wider at Zoo Miami than at the Deering Estate, and in both sites active burrows were wider than inactive burrows. (C) Burrows were far longer at the Deering Estate than at Zoo Miami, and active burrows were far longer than inactive burrows at both sites.
FIG. 2 in Burrow Characteristics and Habitat Associations of Gopher Tortoises in Urban Pine Rockland Reserves (Miami, Florida, USA)
FIG. 2. The two pine rockland sites included in this study are Zoo Miami (A) and the Deering Estate (B). The locations of tortoise burrows sampled in this study and random sampling points are indicated on each map. Zoo Miami is surrounded by adjacent pineland preserves and by extensive urban development. The Deering Estate is bounded by Biscayne Bay to the east and extensive urban development to the north and west. Representative habitats are shown from Zoo Miami (C) and the Deering Estate (D).
FIG. 4 in Burrow Characteristics and Habitat Associations of Gopher Tortoises in Urban Pine Rockland Reserves (Miami, Florida, USA)
FIG. 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plots illustrating differences among sampling point types. (A) Differences in habitat features between burrows and random points. (B) Differences in habitat features between two sites—Deering or Zoo Miami. While there is considerable overlap among point types, there are significant differences in habitat variables measured between point types (burrows and random points) and between sites (Zoo Miami and the Deering Estate).
FIG. 1 in Burrow Characteristics and Habitat Associations of Gopher Tortoises in Urban Pine Rockland Reserves (Miami, Florida, USA)
FIG. 1. Locations of two study sites (A, Zoo Miami and B, Deering Estate) in this study within the context of the larger global extent of the Miami pine rocklands and the range of the Gopher Tortoise. The inset at upper left indicates the geographic range of the Gopher Tortoise in the southeastern United States, and the red box in the inset indicates the extent of the main map. The larger map illustrates Miami-Dade County, and the historic and current distribution of the pine rocklands. Inset boxes show the two study sites.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.