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9,097 results for “wild”
FIGURE 2 in An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens
FIGURE 2. Map of Malaysian Borneo showing the geographical distribution of sucking lice. Some species are excluded from the map due to the lack of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species names: ca, callosciuri; co, cognatus; ds, dissicula; ga, galeopitheci; ki, kinabalensis; ku, kumadai; lu, ludwigi; na, nasuta; pe, pectinata; pn, pansus; si, sicata; sp, spinulosa; tu, tuberculatus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org.
FIGURE 1 in An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens
FIGURE 1. Map of Peninsular Malaysia showing the geographical distribution of sucking lice. Some species are excluded from the map due to the lack of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species names: af, africanus; an, ancoratus; ca, callosciuri; cp, capitaneus; dp, diaphora; ds, dissicula; el, elbeli; em, emersoni; er, erismata; eu, eurysternus; in, insulsa; kt, kitti; ku, kumadai; ma, malaysiana; na, nasuta; pa, pacifica; pe, pectinata; pl, pallidus; qu, quadripertusus; re, reclinata; ro, robustus; se, serrata; sp, spinulosa; tu, tuberculatus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org.
Code and data for "Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape"
<p>Archive file containing all the code and data for producing results and the supplementary result of the MS entitled "Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape". See README.txt for files descriptions.</p>
An Empirical Investigation into Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translation
<p>Paper: An Empirical Investigation into Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translation</p> <p>Authors: Michele Tufano, Cody Watson, Gabriele Bavota, Massimiliano Di Penta, Martin White, and Denys Poshyvanyk</p> <p>Journal: TOSEM 2019 - ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology </p>
Behavioural syndrome between boldness and aggressiveness and link with reproductive success in a wild bird population
<p>Boldness, defined as the behavioural response of individuals when facing a risky situation, is a major personality trait and often phenotypically correlates with other behavioural traits, in particular aggressiveness, exploration behaviour and neophobia. Yet, whether such links result from among-individual correlations, i.e. form behavioural syndromes sensu stricto, is often ignored and whether such syndromes may yield individual fitness benefits, and thus be selected for, remains poorly explored. We measured boldness as the nest defence behaviour against a dummy nest predator in a natural population of a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher, <em>Ficedula albicollis</em>, and investigated the existence of a behavioural syndrome between boldness and two other behavioural traits, aggressiveness (measured as the agonistic response to competitors) and neophobia (measured as the behavioural response to a novel object in a known environment). Then we assessed the links between this potential syndrome and reproductive success, measured as fledging and recruitment success. Boldness score differed between the sexes and depended on whether the partner was present during the test. Nevertheless, it was repeatable, showing that boldness can be considered as a personality trait in our population. We found a positive among-individual correlation between boldness and aggressiveness, showing the existence of a behavioural syndrome between both personality traits. This syndrome was related to reproductive success: the number of fledged young (but not recruitment probability) increased with one integrative value of the boldness–aggressiveness syndrome. Conversely, boldness score was not correlated with neophobia. Our results thus clearly reveal a behavioural syndrome between boldness and aggressiveness with possible consequences for reproductive success in the study population, and therefore raise the question of the evolutionary implications of such a behavioural syndrome.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: D'Cruze N, Assou D, Coulthard E, Norrey J, Megson D, Macdonald DW, Harrington LA, Ronfot D, Segniagbeto GH, Auliya M (2020) Snake oil and pangolin scales: insights into wild animal use at "Marché des Fétiches" traditional medicine market, Togo. Nature Conservation 39: 45-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.39.47879
Table S1. List of inferred species and their respective scientific names (assigned to each common name provided by questionnaire respondents) based on the documented presence of wild populations in Togo
Supplementary material 7 from: Herrera-Mesías F, Ep Jarboui IK, Weigand AM (2022) A metabarcoding framework for wild bee assessment in Luxembourg. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94: 215-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.84617
Species delimitation congruence, comparing Linnaean species assignment of the original sequences retrieved from BOLD v/s results of MOTU clustering
Supplementary material 1 from: Herrera-Mesías F, Ep Jarboui IK, Weigand AM (2022) A metabarcoding framework for wild bee assessment in Luxembourg. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94: 215-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.84617
In silico penalty scores, barcode coverage and congruency analysis of the wild bee species of Luxembourg
Supplementary material 3 from: Herrera-Mesías F, Ep Jarboui IK, Weigand AM (2022) A metabarcoding framework for wild bee assessment in Luxembourg. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94: 215-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.84617
Summary and metadata of the wild bee samples from Luxembourg and Germany used in the mock communities
Supplementary Data for: Intraspecific diversity in the wild tomato species Solanum chilense in initial immune responses towards a glucan elicitor
<p>This repository contains:</p> <p>Read count data for the RNASeq as reported in the paper</p> <p>) All scripts used for the RNASeq analysis</p> <p> </p> <p>) a table describing DEGs with known homologous gene</p> <p> </p> <p>) a table describing DEGs with known homologous genes</p> <p><br> ) All data underlying the graphs related to the quantification of defence responses and plotting the result, sorted by figure.</p>
Data from: Use of an exotic host plant shifts immunity, chemical defense, and viral burden in wild populations of a specialist insect herbivore
<p>Defense against natural enemies constitutes an important driver of herbivore host range evolution in the wild. Populations of the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly, <em>Euphydryas phaeton </em>(Nymphalidae), have recently incorporated an exotic plant, <em>Plantago lanceolata </em>(Plantaginaceae), into their dietary range. To understand the tritrophic consequences of utilizing this exotic host plant, we examined immune performance, chemical defense, and interactions with a natural entomopathogen (Junonia coenia densovirus, <em>Parvoviridae</em>) across wild populations of this specialist herbivore. We measured three immune parameters, sequestration of defensive iridoid glycosides (IGs), and viral infection load in field-collected caterpillars using either <em>P. lanceolata</em> or a native plant, <em>Chelone glabra </em>(Plantaginaceae). We found that larvae using the exotic plant exhibited reduced immunocompetence, compositional differences in IG sequestration, and higher <em>in situ </em>viral burdens compared to those using the native plant. On both host plants, high IG sequestration was associated with reduced hemocyte concentration in the larval hemolymph, providing the first evidence of incompatibility between sequestered chemical defenses and the immune response (i.e., the "vulnerable host" hypothesis) from a field-based study. However, despite this negative relationship between IG sequestration and cellular immunity, caterpillars with greater sequestration harbored lower viral loads. While survival of virus-infected individuals decreased with increasing viral burden, it ultimately did not differ between the exotic and native plants. These results provide evidence that (1) phytochemical sequestration may contribute to defense against pathogens even when immunity is compromised, and (2) herbivore persistence on exotic plant species may be facilitated by sequestration and its role in defense against natural enemies.</p>
Diversity investigation by application of DNA barcoding: a case study of lepidopteran insects in Xinjiang wild fruit forests, China
<p><span>To investigate the species diversity of lepidopteran insects in Xinjiang wild fruit forests, establish insect community monitoring systems and determine the local species pool, we test the applicability of DNA barcoding based on </span><span>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I</span><span> (COI) gene for accurate and rapid identification of insect species</span><span>. From 2017 to 2019, a total of 212 samples with ambiguous morphological identification were selected for DNA barcoding analysis. Five sequence-based methods for species delimitation (ABGD, BINs, GMYC, jMOTU and bPTP) were conducted for comparison to traditional morphology-based identification. In total, 2,422 samples were recorded, representing 143 species of 110 genera in 17 families in Lepidoptera. The diversity analysis showed that the richness indices for Noctuidae was the highest (54 species), and for Pterophoridae, Cossidae, Limacodidae, Lasiocampidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae were the lowest (all with 1 species). The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness (J') of lepidopteran insects first increased and then decreased across these three years, while the Simpson diversity index showed a trend of subtracted-then-added. For molecular-based identification, 67 lepidopteran species within 61 genera in 14 families were identified through DNA barcoding. Neighbor Joining (NJ) analysis showed that conspecific individuals were clustered together and formed monophyletic groups with a high support value, except for Lacanobia contigua (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Noctuidae: Hadeninae). Sixty-seven morphospecies were classified into various numbers of MOTUs based on ABGD, BINs, GMYC, jMOTU and bPTP (70, 96, 2, 71, and 71, respectively). In Xinjiang wild fruit forests, the family with the largest number of species is Noctuidae, followed by Geometridae, Crambidae, and the remaining families. The highest Shannon diversity index is observed for the family Noctuidae. Our results indicate that the distance-based methods (ABGD and jMOTU) and character-based method (bPTP) outperform GMYC. BINs is inclined to overestimate species diversity compared to other methods.</span></p>
Data for: Immune genotypes, immune responses, and survival in a wild bird population
<p>Individuals vary in their immune genotype, inbreeding coefficient <em>f</em>, immune responses, survival to adulthood, and adult longevity. However, whether immune genes predict survival or longevity, whether such relationships are mediated through immune responses, and how f affects immune genotype remain unclear. We use a wild song sparrow (<em>Melospiza</em> <em>melodia</em>) population in which survival to adulthood, adult longevity, and <em>f</em> were measured precisely, and in which immune responses have previously been assessed. We investigate four toll-like receptors (TLR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB exon 2 genes. We test: a) whether immune genes predict fitness (survival to adulthood or adult longevity); b) whether immune genes predict immune response; c) whether immune response predicts fitness; and d) whether fitness, immune responses, or immune genotypes are correlated with <em>f</em>. We find that survival to adulthood is not associated with immune gene variation, but adult longevity is decreased by high MHC allele diversity (especially in birds that were relatively outbred), and by the presence of a specific MHC supertype. Immune responses were affected by specific immune genotypes. Survival to adulthood and adult longevity were not predicted by immune response, implying caution in the use of immune response as a predictor for fitness. We also found no relationship between <em>f</em> and immune genotype. This finding indicates that immune gene associations with longevity and immune response are not artefacts of <em>f</em>, and suggests that pathogen-mediated selection at functional loci can slow the loss of genetic variation arising from genetic drift and small population size.</p>
Clay lick usage by wild mixed-species parrot groups at the Colpa Colorado from Oct through Dec 2002–2012
<p>This data was collected at the Colpa Colorado, a clay lick in southeastern Peru (13<span>°</span> 080' S, 69<span>°</span> 370' W), as part of a long-term monitoring project conducted by The Macaw Society (formerly known as the Tambopata Macaw Project). This data set documents the clay lick visitation rates of 12 species of parrots during the early wet season (Oct-Dec) from 2002-2012. Field assistants recorded the number of individuals of each species present on several pre-defined zones of the clay lick at regular 5-minute intervals, starting with the time when the first parrot lands on the clay lick in the morning. The vast majority of clay lick usage occurs in the early morning and this release contains data up until 9 am every day. This data set is unique for its longitudinal nature (spanning 11 years), fine-grained temporal resolution (with scans conducted every 5 minutes), and spatial resolution (with parrot numbers recorded for 11 standardized zones per scan).</p>
FIGURE 2 in An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia
FIGURE 2. Map of Malaysian Borneo showing the geographical distribution of mammalian chewing lice. Some species were excluded from the map due to the absence of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species: ca, canis; em, emersoni; sp, spiniger; su, subrostratus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org
FIGURE 1 in An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia
FIGURE 1. Map of Peninsular Malaysia showing the geographical distribution of mammalian chewing lice. Some species were excluded from the map due to the absence of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species: ca, caprae; el, elephantis; mj, mjoebergi; ol, ovalis; ov, ovis; po, porcelli; si, siamensis; sp, spiniger; su, subrostratus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org
FIG. 2 in Growth and Survival of Wild and Head-Started Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii)
FIG. 2. Survival estimates generated from top-ranked models or model averaging of multiple top-ranked models for head-started juvenile (diamonds) and wild-hatched juvenile and adult (circles) Blanding's Turtles for the SBCP population.
FIG. 1 in Growth and Survival of Wild and Head-Started Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii)
FIG. 1. Growth of Blanding's Turtles at SBCP. (A) Growth of wild-hatched turtles from age 1–26. CL ¼ 234.1 (234.1 31.7)*e (0.082*age). (B) Growth of wild-hatched (open circles and solid line) and head-started (filled diamonds and dotted line) turtles from age class 1–7 (only a random subset of head-starts is shown for clarity). Wild-hatched: CL ¼ 234.1 (234.1 31.7)*e(0.082*age); head-starts: CL ¼ 211 (211 37.0)* e(0.109*age).
Data from: Contrasting demographic responses to size-selective harvesting among neighboring wild fish populations
<p>Sustainable harvesting of wild populations relies on evidence-based knowledge to predict harvesting outcomes for species and the ecosystems they inhabit. Although harvesting may elicit compensatory density-dependence, it is generally size-selective, which induces additional pressures that are challenging to forecast. Furthermore, responses to harvest may be population-specific and whether generalizable patterns exist remains unclear.</p> <p>Taking advantage of Parks Canada's mandate to remove introduced brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>) to restore alpine lakes in Canadian parks, we experimentally applied standardized size-selective harvesting rates (the largest ~64% annually) for three consecutive summers in five populations with different initial size structures. Four unharvested populations were used as controls.</p> <p>At reduced densities, harvested and control populations exhibited similar density-dependent increases in specific growth, juvenile survival, and earlier maturation. However, size-selective harvesting simultaneously induced changes to size and age structure that contrasted among harvested populations. Average body length decreased in three of five harvested populations, whereas it tended to increase in control populations over the three years. We also detected contrasting, population-specific changes in body length variability and ultimately in length- and age-at-harvest in harvested populations but not controls.</p> <p>Overall, populations with smaller, more homogeneous body sizes, and living at high densities were most resilient to size-selective harvesting, exhibiting the smallest change in size-at-age. In contrast, large-bodied populations exhibited more substantial size-structure changes following selective harvesting: large-bodied populations experienced either stabilizing or disruptive pressures, when initial length variability was high or low, respectively.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and application</em>: Our results show that within species, size-selective harvesting inherently leads to more risk and uncertainty when harvesting populations with larger and more varied body sizes than smaller-bodied populations with less range in body size. Our study supports prioritizing regulations that protect harvested populations with larger and more varied body sizes. Such a management strategy would reduce the likelihood of eliciting unpredictable or undesirable demographic changes to fish populations with these attributes.</p>
Figure S2 in Untangling the Evolution of American Wild Grapes: Admixed Species and How to Find Them
Figure S2. (A) One of the two ML-trees inferred by TreeMix under the strictly bifurcating model. The scale bar shows ten times the average standard error (s.e.) of the entries in the sample covariance matrix. Drift parameter is shown on the x-axis. (B) Scaled residuals from the fit of the model to the data. Without migration events 91.7% of the variance in relatedness between taxa was explained by the tree. Colours are described in the palette on the right.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.