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1,164 results for “Cave-dwelling”
Data from: High detectability with low impact: Optimising large PIT tracking systems for cave-dwelling bats
Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology permits the 'resighting' of animals tagged for ecological research without the need for physical re-trapping. While this is effective if animals pass within centimetres of tag readers, short-distance detection capabilities have prevented the use of this technology with many species. To address this problem, we optimised a large (15 m-long) flexible antenna system to provide a c. 8 m2 vertical detection plane for detecting animals in flight. We installed antennas at two roosting caves, including the primary maternity cave, of the critically endangered southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) in south-eastern Australia. Testing of these systems indicated PIT-tags could be detected up to 105 cm either side of the antenna plane. Over the course of a three-year study, we subcutaneously PIT-tagged 2966 bats and logged over 1.4 million unique detections, with 97% of tagged bats detected at least once. The probability of encountering a tagged bat decreased with increasing environmental 'noise' (unwanted signal) perceived by the system. During the study we mitigated initial high noise levels by earthing both systems, which contributed to an increase in daily detection probability (based on the proportion of individuals known to be alive that were detected each day) from <0.2 (noise level ≥30%) to 0.7-0.8 (noise level 5-15%). Conditional on a low (5%) noise level, model-based estimates of daily encounter probability were highest (>0.8) during peak breeding season when both female and male southern bent-winged bats congregate at the maternity cave. In this paper we detail the methods employed and make methodological recommendations for future wildlife research using large antennas, including earthing systems as standard protocol and quantifying noise metrics as a covariate influencing the probability of detection in subsequent analyses. Our results demonstrate that large PIT antennas can be used successfully to detect small volant species, extending the scope of PIT technology and enabling a much broader range of wildlife species to be studied using this approach.
FIGURE 6. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 6. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Female paratype. A, dorsal view; B, cephalon, dorsal; C, pereonites 5–7, pleon and pleotelson, dorsal; D, detail of the honeycomb structure of the seventh pereonite.
FIGURE 2. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 2. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Male paratype. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, pereonites 1–6, transversal view (from the front), and pereonite 7, dorsal; C, head (cephalothorax), frontal; D, first antenna; E, second antenna; F, second antenna flagellum (apical cone omitted).
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 1. Cueva de la Pileta of Benaoján, Málaga, Spain. A, entrance to the cave; B, view of one of the halls inside (photos provided by Bullón family and Juan Mayoral).
FIGURE 4. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 4. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Male paratype. A, first pereopod; B, detail of propodus and dactylus of first pereopod; C, first male pleopod; D, second male pleopod; E, genital papilla.
FIGURE 5. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 5. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Male paratype. A, seventh pereopod; B, detail of propodus and dactylus of seventh pereopod.
FIGURE 3. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 3. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Male paratype. A, first maxilla outer and inner endites; B, maxilliped, distal portion; C, second maxilla distal portion, frontal and ventral; D, right mandible; E, left mandible.
FIGURE 7. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n in A new genus and species of cave-dwelling terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea Trichoniscidae) from Southern Spain
FIGURE 7. Baeticoniscus bullonorum n. gen., n. sp. Specimen photographed alive in the Cueva de la Pileta.
FIGURE 6 in Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
FIGURE 6. Tyrannochthonius zhai sp. nov., holotype female: A. Carapace (dorsal view); B. Left chelicerae (dorsal view); C. Rallum; D. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); E. Finger tips of chela (lateral view); F. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); G. Left chela (lateral view); H. Chelal fingers (lateral view, showing the teeth); I. Leg I (lateral view); J. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.10 mm (C–E); 0.25 mm (A–B, F–J).
FIGURE 3 in Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
FIGURE 3. Tyrannochthonius harveyi sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view); B. Left chelicerae (dorsal view); C. Coxal spines of coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Finger tips of chela (lateral view); F. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); G. Left chela (lateral view); H. Chelal fingers (lateral view, showing the teeth); I. Leg I (lateral view); J. Leg IV (lateral view).. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (C–E); 0.25 mm (A–B, F–J).
FIGURE 1 in Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
FIGURE 1. Tyrannochthonius harveyi sp. nov., A. holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; B. paratype female, habitus, dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
FIGURE 2. Tyrannochthonius harveyi sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Chelal fingers (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicerae (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E. Female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
FIGURE 5. Tyrannochthonius zhai sp. nov., holotype female: A. Chelal fingers (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicerae (dorsal view); D. Genital (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new cave-dwelling species of the genus Mesoiulus Berlese, 1886 (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae) from Turkey
FIGURE 1. Mesoiulus taurus sp. nov. A. Paratype female, habitus, lateral view. B. Holotype male, head and first seven body segments, lateral view. C. Holotype male, midbody rings, lateral view, arrows indicating metazonal setae. D. Holotype male, ring seven with ventral tooth, lateral view. E. Holotype male, telson, lateral view. Scale lines: 5 mm for A.; 1 mm for B., C. and E.; 0.5 mm for D.
FIGURE 2 in A new cave-dwelling species of the genus Mesoiulus Berlese, 1886 (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae) from Turkey
FIGURE 2. Mesoiulus taurus sp. nov., holotype male. A. First pair of legs, anterior view. B. Penis, posterior view. C. Right promerite, posterior view. D. Right posterior gonopod, lateral view. E. Left anterior and posterior gonopods, antero-lateral view. F. Right posterior gonopod, posterior view. Designations: a: anterior process of opisthomerite, b: bulge of promerite; f: fovea; l: curved apex of promerite; m: mesomerital process; o: opisthomerite; p: longitudinal projection on promerite; r: mesal ridge of promerite; ll: lateral lamella of mesomerital process. Scale line 0.4 mm.
FIGURES 3A–F in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 3A–F. Sinopoda grandispinosa sp. nov., holotype (A–D), paratype (E–F). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 11 in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURE 11. Sinopoda undata sp. nov. female paratype, habitus, dorsal view (taken in Yeniudong Cave, Mengyuan Village, Mengla County, Xishuangbana Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, CHINA). (Photo by Dr Jinshuo Zhang).
FIGURES 4A–B in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 4A–B. Sinopoda longshan Yin, Peng, Yan & Bao 2000, holotype. A. Epigyne, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 7A–H in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 7A–H. Sinopoda triangula sp. nov., holotype (A–F), paratype (G–H). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Embolus and embolic apophysis, dorsal view; E. Same, ventral view; F. Same, prolateral view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 6A–H in New cave-dwelling huntsman spider species of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
FIGURES 6A–H. Sinopoda semicirculata sp. nov., holotype (A–F), paratype (G–H). A. Left male palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Left male palpal tibia, dorsal view; E. Embolus and embolic apophysis, ventral view; F. Same, prolateral view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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