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600 results for “Contamination”
Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea
The pollution of agricultural soils by the heavy metals affects the productivity of the land and has an impact on the quality of the surrounding ecosystems. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure in the heavy metal contaminated sites along a smelter and a distantly located paddy field to elucidate the factors that are related to the alterations of the bacterial communities under the conditions of heavy metal pollution. Among the study sites, the bacterial communities in the soil did not show any significant differences in their richness and diversity. The soil bacterial communities at the three study sites were distinct from one another at each site, possessing a distinct set of bacterial phylotypes. Among the study sites, significant changes were observed in the abundances of the bacterial phyla and genera. The variations in the bacterial community structure were mostly related to the general soil properties at the phylum level, while at the finer taxonomic levels, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were the significant factors, affecting the community structure. The relative abundances of the genera Desulfatibacillum and Desulfovirga were negatively correlated to the concentrations of As, Pb, and cadmium (Cd) in the soil, while the genus Bacillus was positively correlated to the concentrations of As and Cd. According to the results of the prediction of bacterial community functions, the soil bacterial communities of the heavy metal polluted sites were characterized by the more abundant enzymes, involved in DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription, and the nucleotide metabolism pathways, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as the biodegradation potential of xenobiotics, were reduced. Our results showed that the adaptation of the bacterial communities to the heavy metal contamination was predominantly attributed to the replacement process, while the changes in community richness were linked to the variations in the soil pH values.
Data from: Ecological selection of siderophore-producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination
Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore production by heavy metals – a detoxifying effect of siderophores, and exploitation of this detoxifying effect – results in a net increase or decrease. We show that the proportion of siderophore-producing taxa increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amount of siderophores suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore-mediated decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation strategies.
Data from: Thermal evolution offsets the elevated toxicity of a contaminant under warming: a resurrection study in Daphnia magna
Synergistic interactions between temperature and contaminants are a major challenge for ecological risk assessment, especially under global warming. While thermal evolution may increase the ability to deal with warming, it is unknown whether it may also affect the ability to deal with the many contaminants that are more toxic at higher temperatures. We investigated how evolution of genetic adaptation to warming affected the interactions between warming and a novel stressor: zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in a natural population of Daphnia magna using resurrection ecology. We hatched resting eggs from two D. magna subpopulations (old: 1955-1965, recent: 1995-2005) from the sediment of a lake that experienced an increase in average temperature and in recurrence of heat waves but was never exposed to industrial waste. In the old 'ancestral' subpopulation, exposure to a sublethal concentration of nZnO decreased the intrinsic growth rate, metabolic activity and energy reserves at 24°C but not at 20°C, indicating a synergism between warming and nZnO. In contrast, these synergistic effects disappeared in the recent 'derived' subpopulation that evolved a lower sensitivity to nZnO at 24°C, which indicates that thermal evolution could offset the elevated toxicity of nZnO under warming. This evolution of reduced sensitivity to nZnO under warming could not be explained by changes in the total internal zinc accumulation but was partially associated with the evolution of the expression of a key metal detoxification gene under warming. Our results suggest that the increased sensitivity to the sublethal concentration of nZnO under the predicted 4°C warming by the end of this century may be counteracted by thermal evolution in this D. magna population. Our results illustrate the importance of evolution to warming in shaping the responses to another anthropogenic stressor, here a contaminant. More general, genetic adaptation to an environmental stressor may ensure that synergistic effects between contaminants and this environmental stressor will not be present anymore.
Data from: Maladaptation to acute metal exposure in resurrected Daphnia ambigua clones after decades of increasing contamination
Human environmental impacts have driven some of the strongest and fastest phenotypic changes recorded in wild animal populations. Across populations, this variation is often adaptive, as populations evolve fitness advantages in response to human-modified environments. Yet some populations fail to adapt to changing environments. Evidenced by declines in relative fitness, such seemingly maladaptive outcomes are less common, but may be more likely in human modified contexts. Further, our ability to investigate the dynamics of these adaptive and maladaptive responses over time is typically limited in natural systems. I combined resurrection ecology and paleolimnology approaches to examine evolutionary responses of the freshwater zooplankter Daphnia to exposure to heavy metal contamination over the past 50-75 years using animals hatched from diapausing egg banks. In contrast to the predicted trend of adaptation to metal exposure over time, I observed an increase in sensitivity to both copper and cadmium exposure associated with increasing historic contamination. This potentially maladaptive trend occurred in Daphnia populations in three lakes. Given that the release of toxicants such as heavy metals is widespread and other researchers have observed local maladaptation to toxicant exposure, it is important to understand the drivers and implications of this pattern.
FIGURE 1 in Rhabditid nematodes found from a rocky coast contaminated with treated wastewater of Casey Station in East Antarctica, with a description of a new species of Dolichorhabditis Andrássy, 1983 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
FIGURE 1. Location of the sampling site on a rocky coast facing Shannon Bay, Budd Coast of Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. Arrow: sampling site located just below the outfall of the pipeline extending from Casey Station; black rectangles, buildings.
FIGURE 2 in Rhabditid nematodes found from a rocky coast contaminated with treated wastewater of Casey Station in East Antarctica, with a description of a new species of Dolichorhabditis Andrássy, 1983 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
FIGURE 2. Dolichorhabditis tereticorpus sp. n. Female (holotype ZIHU 3317; left side view, except F in right side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Stoma region. D) Posterior region of pharynx. E) Reproductive system. F) Anterior region of anterior ovary. G) Vulval region. Lateral field indistinct, only three longitudinal lines observed. H) Posterior region. Scales: A: 100 µm; B: 20 µm; C, D, F–H: 10 µm; E: 50µm.
FIGURE 4 in Rhabditid nematodes found from a rocky coast contaminated with treated wastewater of Casey Station in East Antarctica, with a description of a new species of Dolichorhabditis Andrássy, 1983 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
FIGURE 4. Rhabditidae sp. 1. Female (A, B, ZIHU 3326; left side view): A) Anterior region, with internal fungal hyphae. B) Tail. Rhabditidae sp. 2. Female (C–F, ZIHU 3328; left side view): C) Entire body. D) Anterior region. E) Stoma. F) Anal region. Scales: A, B, D–F: 10 µm; C: 80 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Rhabditid nematodes found from a rocky coast contaminated with treated wastewater of Casey Station in East Antarctica, with a description of a new species of Dolichorhabditis Andrássy, 1983 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
FIGURE 3. Dolichorhabditis tereticorpus sp. n. Female (A–C, holotype ZIHU 3317; D, ZIHU 3320; left side view): A) Middle of pharynx. Arrow: junction of corpus and isthmus; nr, nerve ring. B) Anterior branch of reproductive system: ova, ovary; ovi, oviduct; s, spermatheca; u, uterus. C, D) Rectum: r, rectum; r gl, rectal gland cells. Scales: A, B: 20 µm; C, D: 10 µm.
Supplementary Materials for: Discovery of a novel merbecovirus DNA clone contaminating agricultural rice sequencing datasets from Wuhan, China
<p>Supplementary Materials for</p><p><strong>Discovery of a novel merbecovirus DNA clone contaminating agricultural rice sequencing datasets from Wuhan, China</strong></p><p>Adrian Jones, Daoyu Zhang, Steven E. Massey, Yuri Deigin, Louis R. Nemzer, Steven C. Quay</p>
Application of Machine Learning on MARCUS Aerosols to Remove Ship Stack Contamination
<p>contact qingniu@ou.edu for more info please</p>
Contaminants of emerging concern in an endangered population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea
<p>Dataset on contaminants of emerging concern in blood plasma from female common eiders (<em>Somateria mollissima</em>) sampled during the breeding season 2021, in Finland. </p> <p>The dataset will be made open access once the manuscript has been accepted for publication. </p>
Electrochemical Oxidation for Treatment of PFAS in Contaminated Water and Fractionated Foam─A Pilot-Scale Study
<p>This is the supplementary data to the publication '<span>Electrochemical Oxidation for Treatment of PFAS in Contaminated Water and Fractionated Foam─A Pilot-Scale Study' (<a title="DOI URL" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00660">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00660</a>). </span></p>
Hand contamination and hand hygiene knowledge and practices among commercial transport users, Enugu State, Nigeria
<p>Hand hygiene practice (HHP) and hand contamination as a critical component of infection prevention and control were investigated among commercial drivers and passengers <span>in Nsukk and Enugu towns </span>to determine their knowledge attitude/belief and practices regarding hand hygiene and the degree of hand contamination<span>n</span>. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey to gather data samples from 600 transports<span> from ten commercial transport parks</span>. Also 100 hand swabswere taken to examine the dominant hand contamination levels. The data from questionnaire response, and percentage bacterial and fungal species contamination by motor parks are provided here.</p>
Galaxy Training Network - Screening assembled genomes for contamination using NCBI FCS
<p>This is a toy dataset generated from an assembled yeast genome (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; GCA_000146045.2) with contaminants added from human, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Illumina PCR primers.</p>
Bins with greater than 50% completeness and less than 10% contamination from the paper "Benchmarking Metagenomic Binning Tools on Real Datasets Across Sequencing Platforms and Binning Modes".
<p>These bins, which exhibit greater than 50% completeness and less than 10% contamination, including MQ, NC, and HQ bins, were recovered from seven different data-binning combinations across five real-world datasets.</p> <p>CheckM2 results for the bins generated from each sample were also provided to corroborate the findings.</p> <p>Completeness and contamination were evaluated using CheckM 2 (version 1.0.2). We noted that the results from running CheckM2 may exhibit slight variations, but these differences do not affect the overall assessment.</p>
Caractérisation spatiale (surface et profondeurs) des contaminants chimiques de 4 bassins d'infiltration des eaux pluviales urbaines (1999 à 2002)
<p>Caractéristiques physico-chimiques, concentrations en métaux lourds, HAP, hydrocarbures Totaux, Azote et phosphore totaux de sols de quatre bassins d’infiltration en différents points et différentes profondeurs.</p> <p>- Sites: Sites satellites (Boulevard des droits de l’homme, Centre routier, ZAC Pivolles, ZAC du Chêne)</p>
Experimental evidence for the recovery of mercury-contaminated fish populations
<p>Anthropogenic releases of mercury (Hg) are a human health issue because the potent toxicant methylmercury (MeHg), formed primarily by microbial methylation of inorganic Hg in aquatic ecosystems, bioaccumulates to high concentrations in fish consumed by humans. Predicting the efficacy of Hg pollution controls on fish MeHg concentrations is complex because many factors influence the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg. Here we conducted a 15-year whole-ecosystem, single-factor experiment to determine the magnitude and timing of reductions in fish MeHg concentrations following reductions in Hg additions to a boreal lake and its watershed. During the seven-year addition phase, we applied enriched Hg isotopes to increase local Hg wet deposition rates fivefold. The Hg isotopes became increasingly incorporated into the food web as MeHg, predominantly from additions to the lake because most of those added to the watershed remained there. Thereafter, isotopic additions were stopped, resulting in an approximately 100% reduction in Hg loading to the lake. The concentration of labelled MeHg quickly decreased by more than 85% in lower trophic level organisms, initiating rapid decreases of 38–76% of MeHg concentration in large-bodied fish populations in eight years. Although Hg loading from watersheds may not decline in step with lowering deposition rates, this experiment clearly demonstrates that any reduction in Hg loadings to lakes, whether from direct deposition or runoff, will have immediate benefits to fish consumers.</p>
Hypolimnas misippus contaminated FSCR
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Exposure to urban heavy metal contamination diminishes bumble bee colony growth
<p>As a result of their industrial past, legacy cites often have elevated concentrations of soil heavy metal contamination. Metal pollution can have negative and prolonged ecosystem impacts, and bees that forage in these urban ecosystems are at risk of exposure. Legacy cities are known to support species rich bee communities, which highlights the importance of determining the impact of heavy metal contamination on wild bee health. We examined how oral exposure to concentrations of four metals found within the provisions of bees foraging within Cleveland, Ohio, USA influenced colony growth of <em>Bombus impatiens</em> Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a common species within legacy cities across the eastern United States. Colony weight and brood survivorship were compared among hives fed uncontaminated sucrose solution (hereafter nectar), nectar spiked with one metal (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or lead), and nectar containing all metals, after 15 or 30 d of exposure within flight tents. Across both exposure periods, we found a significantly higher proportion of dead brood in metal exposed hives. Additionally, colonies fed all four metals had a significantly higher proportion of dead brood than those fed a single metal. Our findings illustrate that even low, environmentally relevant concentrations of metals collected by B. impatiens in legacy cities can negatively influence bee colony growth. We highlight the need to identify metal exposure routes for bees in contaminated landscapes to minimize risk and bolster conservation habitat initiative success.</p>
Quantifying and reducing cross-contamination in single- and multiplex hybridization capture of ancient DNA
<p>The use of hybridization capture has enabled a massive upscaling in sample sizes for ancient DNA studies, allowing the analysis of hundreds of skeletal remains (Mathieson et al., 2015; Narasimhan et al., 2019) or sediments (Vernot et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021; Zavala et al., 2021) in single studies. Yet demands in throughput continue to grow, and hybridization capture has become a limiting step in sample preparation due to the large consumption of reagents, consumables and time. Here we explore the possibility of improving the economics of sample preparation via multiplex capture, i.e. the hybridization capture of pools of double-indexed ancient DNA libraries. We demonstrate that this strategy is feasible for small genomic targets, such as mitochondrial DNA, if the annealing temperature is increased and PCR cycles are limited in post-capture amplification to avoid index swapping by jumping PCR, which manifests as cross-contamination in resulting sequence data. We also show that the re-amplification of double-indexed libraries to PCR plateau before or after hybridization capture can sporadically lead to small, but detectable cross-contamination even if libraries are amplified in separate reactions. We provide protocols for both manual capture and automated capture in 384-well format that are compatible with single- and multiplex capture and effectively suppress cross-contamination and artefact formation. Last, we provide a simple computational method for quantifying cross-contamination due to index swapping in double-indexed libraries, which we recommend using for routine quality checks in studies that are sensitive to cross-contamination. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.