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Fig. 1 in Endemic Families of Madagascar. XIV. a New Restricted Range Species of Pentachlaena H. Perrier (Sarcolaenaceae) from Central Madagascar

Fig. 1. – Pentochloeno vestito Andriam., Lowry & G.E. Schatz. A. Flowering branch; B. Detail of indument on lower leaf surface; C. Detail of upper leaf surface; D. Flower; E. Detail of androecium; F. Detail of gynoecium; G. Fruit.

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Data from: The genetic basis of traits associated with the evolution of serpentine endemism in monkeyflowers

The floras on chemically and physically challenging soils, such as gypsum, shale, and serpentine, are characterized by narrowly endemic species. The evolution of edaphic endemics may be facilitated or constrained by genetic correlations among traits contributing to adaptation and reproductive isolation across soil boundaries. The yellow monkeyflowers in the Mimulus guttatus species complex are an ideal system in which to examine these evolutionary patterns. To determine the genetic basis of adaptive and prezygotic isolating traits, we performed genetic mapping experiments with F2 hybrids derived from a cross between a serpentine endemic, M. nudatus, and its close relative M. guttatus. Few large effect and many small effect QTL contribute to interspecific divergence in life history, floral and leaf traits, and a history of directional selection contributed to trait divergence. Loci contributing to adaptive traits and prezygotic reproductive isolation overlap, and their allelic effects are largely in the direction of species divergence. These loci contain promising candidate genes regulating flowering time and plant organ size. Together our results suggest that genetic correlations among traits can facilitate the evolution of adaptation and speciation and may be a common feature of the genetic architecture of divergence between edaphic endemics and their widespread relatives.

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Figure 87 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)

Figure 87. Interior of penial chamber of Amplirhagada dubitabile n.sp., paratype FMNH 219047 (8 July, scale 3 mm). Compare with Fig. 4 for labelling of structures.

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Figure 85 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)

Figure 85. SEM photographs of shell, jaw and radula of Amplirhagada dubitabile n.sp., paratype FMNH 219047: (A) apical whorl viewed from above (scale 200 µm); (B) sculpture on penultimate whorl viewed rectangular from above (scale 200 µm); (C) close-up showing growth lines on last whorl (scale 200 µm); (D) jaw (scale 100 µm); (E) central and inner lateral teeth (scale 20 µm); (F) outer lateral and inner marginal teeth (scale 20 µm).

FIGURE 10 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 10. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on meristic variables (scale counts). See table 7 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.

FIGURE 8 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 8. Boxplots showing variation in scale counts among Tropidurus chromatops, T. etheridgei, and T. azurduyae.

FIGURE 7 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 7. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on morphometric variables. See table 4 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.

FIGURE 6 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 6. Live specimens of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 from isolated granitic outcrops ~30 km W Florida, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (14° 36′ 17.28″ S, 61° 29′ 32.64″ W — WGS84 system; ~309 m). A, C, Adult female (MHNC-R 3003). B, D, Adult male (MHNC-R 3018).

FIGURE 5 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 5. Adult male of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 (MHNC-R 3018), illustrating the expanded lateral neck mite pockets and the colorful facial mask with touches of blue and cream, characteristic of the species.

FIGURE 4 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype of Tropidurus azurduyae (adult male, MHNC-R 3011). A, Dorsal head. B, Ventral head. C, Lateral head. D, Ventral body. E, Lateral body. F, Dorsal body.

FIGURE 3 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 3. Live specimens of Tropidurus etheridgei Cei, 1982 and T. azurduyae. A, C, Adult male of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176273) from Orloff, Colonia 15, Filadelfia, Boquerón, Paraguay (22° 19′ 58.42″ S, 59° 55′ 00.02″ W — WGS84 system; ~136 m). B, D, Adult female of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176277) from Estancia Esmeraldas, Boquerón, Paraguay (20° 59′ 15.81″ S 61° 59′ 27.90″ W — WGS84 system; ~329 m). E, G, Adult female (allotype MHNC-R 3009) of T. azurduyae. F, H, Adult male (holotype MHNC-R 3011) of T. azurduyae.

FIGURE 1 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

FIGURE 1. Habitats visited in the Torotoro National Park, Potosí, Bolivia. A–D, Prepuna (18° 7′ 10.92″ S, 65° 48′ 30.24″ W — WGS84 system; ~2798 m). E–G, Inter-Andean dry valleys at the type locality of Tropidurus azurduyae (18° 5′ 54.24″ S, 65° 44′ 57.48″ W — WGS84 system; ~2264 m). H, Adult male of T. azurduyae, sighted (not collected) at the type locality of the species.

Fig. 40. Schaffneropsallus oaxacensis. A in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 40. Schaffneropsallus oaxacensis. A. Lateral view of head. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. C. Detail of metathoracic scent-efferent evaporatory area. D. Frontolateral view of pretarsus. E. Lateral view of pygophore, tubercle at upper left. F. Detail of setae on tubercle of pygophore.

Fig. 43 in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 43. Paralogy-free trees portraying biogeographic relationships of Phymatopsallus-group taxa (see text for explanation).

Fig. 32 in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 32. Phymatopsallus patagoniae: Male genitalia (male 1, AMNH_PBI 00068597; male 2, 00068661; male 3, 00068652).

Fig. 30 in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 30. Phymatopsallus acaciae: Male genitalia (male 1, AMNH_PBI 00062324; male 2, 00071888); female genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00097049).

Fig. 27. Knightopsallus portalensis. A in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 27. Knightopsallus portalensis. A. Lateral view of head. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. C. Frontal view of pretarsus. D. Antennal segments 1 and 2. E. Lateral view of male abdomen, showing extruded vesica. F. Dorsal view of male pygophore (right paramere missing).

Fig. 22 in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 22. Ceratopsallus septentrionalis: Male genitalia (upper, AMNH_PBI 00062810; lower, AMNH_PBI 00077235; vesicae drawn at 50% of scale of other structures).

Fig. 42 in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 42. Phylogenetic relationships of Phymatopsallus-group taxa. Characters showing no homoplasy are indicated by filled circles; characters showing homoplasy are indicated by open circles (See text for explanation of methods).

Fig. 24. Cercocarpopsallus bispinosus. A in Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Fig. 24. Cercocarpopsallus bispinosus. A. Lateral view of head. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. C. Setae on hemelytron. D. Detail of patch of specialized setae on left side of male pygophore (arrow indicates low tubercle and setal patch on pygophore). E. Frontoventral view of pretarsus. F. Dorsal view of male pygophore.