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Figure 2 in Data-rich description of a new genus of praying mantid egg parasitoids, Lasallegrion gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae: Podagrionini), with a re-examination of Podagrion species of Australia and New Caledonia

Figure 2. Map of collection sites. Red – Lasallegrion koebelei; green – L. virescens; blue – L. washingtoni (MyMaps by google).

FIG. 10 in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 10. — Podocnemididae from Ibeceten, south-western Niger, Senonian, Gularo-Intergular pattern, MNHN.F.IBC coll. A-F, Erymnochelyine Erymnochelys group, variability in shape of plates and scutes: alternative epiplastral and entoplastral combinations: A, epiplastron IBC560 and entoplatron IBC1898; B, epiplastron IBC560 and entoplastron IBC1903; C, entoplastron IBCx1; D, IBCx2, fragmentary epiplastron; E, epiplastron IBC1893 and entoplastron IBC1898; F, epiplastron IBC1893 and entoplastton IBC542. Podocnemididae indet., primitive intergular pattern; G, IBC1899, entoplastron. Ventral views. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 9. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 9. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., Indamane, southwestern Niger, late Maastrichtian; detail of the skull, cavum tympani area, holotype MNHN- RA-2018.0031. Abbreviations: ant, antrum squamosum; cq, commissura quadrati; ica+Et, incisura columellae auris with Eustachian tube. Left lateral view. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 8. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 8. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., Indamane, southwestern Niger, late Maastrichtian; detail of the skull, holotype MNHN-RA-2018.0031, showing the rounded carotid foramen for entrance in te besicranium, at the back of the deep cavum pterygoideum, below the (broken here) podocnemidid pterygoid wing; Abbreviations:boc, basioccipital; bsph, basisphenoid; car can, enlarged carotid foramen; cav pter, cavum pterygoideum; pw, break of the pterygoid wing at its posterior base; q, quadrate; q art, area articularis quadrati. Ventral view. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 7. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 7. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., Indamane, southwestern Niger, late Maastrichtian; interpretative drawing of the skull, holotype MNHN-RA-2018.0031. Abbreviations: aaq, area articularis quadrati; boc, basioccipital; bsph, basiphenoid; car c, carotid canal; cav pter, cavum pterygoideum; co, condylus occipitalis; col-Et, columella auris with the Eustachian tube passage; cq, commissura quadrati; fpp, foramen palatinum posterius; fp, fenestra postotica; imc, intermediate maxillo-palatine crest; ju, jugal; mc, medial maxillo-palatine crest; ms, muscle insertion zone; mx, maxilla; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; ppo, processus paroccipitalis opisthotici; pter w, pterygoid wing; ptp, processus trochlearis pterygoideus; q, quadrate. Ventral view. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 6. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 6. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., Indamane, southwestern Niger, late Maastrichtian. Lateral view of the skull, holotype MNHN-RA-2018.0031. Abbreviations: an sq, antrum squamosum; co, condylus occipitalis; com q, commissura quadrati; fpp; foramen palatinum posterius; fr, frontal; ica+Et, incisura columellae auris with the Eustachian tube; ju, jugal; l pfr, left prefrontal; mq, meatus quadrati; mx, maxilla; na, external nare; pal, palatine; pfr, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; paq, processus articularis quadrati; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; ppo, processus paroccipitalis opisthotici; pro, prootic; pter, pterygoid; ptp, processus trochlearis pterygoideus; q, quadrate; r paq, right processus articularis quadrati; r pter, right pterygoid; soc, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; V, foramen trigemini; black arrow, position of the foramen stapediotemporale; blue and green dotted lines, hypothetic positions for the skull lateral notch border; red line, border of the palatal medial crest. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 5. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 5. — Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., Indamane, southwestern Niger, late Maastrichtian; photographs of the skull, holotype MNHN-RA-2018.0031: A-F, dorsal, ventral, left lateral, anterior, right lateral and posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 3 in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 3. — Geological map of Iullemmeden basin. Extract from Greigert (1961), focused on the northeastern basin part, area of Kao to Ibeceten with Mont Indamane (Mt Igdaman). Legend, from Greigert (1961): Cr 9-8, including (from top to bottom, [Mt Indamane Maastrichtian outcropping]: 1, Upper sandstones; 2, Mosasaurus shales; 3, Lower sandstones. Cr7, lower and middle Senonian, with gypsum [including Ibéceten outcropping]; Cr6, Turonian; Cr6b, Turonian (white limestones); Cr6a, lower Turonian (Nigericeras zone); CR6a-b, lower Turonian and Upper Cenomanian (Neolobites vibrayeani zone, Tegama group sandstones); e III-VI, lower Eocene; ct, terminal continental (simplified); qa2, filled fossil valleys; qd1, fixed oriented recent dunes (barchans); F, fossils at Mont Indamane and Ilatarda.

FIG. 2 in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 2. — Geographical location, northern to southern, of: Mont In Tahout area (Nigeremys locality), Indamane (Ragechelus saherica n. gen., n. sp. locality), Ibeceten (Erymnochelyine locality) and Ilatarda, fossil localities with turtles (stars), in southwestern Niger, Tahoua district between Niamey and Agades, Iullemeden basin, Upper Cretaceous. Purple line, raised edge of the Upper Cretaceous outcropping (symbols: "10" in Fig. 1, "Cr 9-8" in Fig. 3), overhanging the reg with dunes including the Ibeceten Senonian outcropping (Cr7 in Fig. 3).

FIG. 4 in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 4. — Log, simplified stratigraphic section, from Greigert (1966: pl. 37)'s Mont Indamane, presenting 16 banks, from bottom to top: alternately, 1, 3, 5, gypsiferous sandy marls and 2, 4, fine and silty sandstones; at top of 5, large dinosaur site (of Greigert et al. [1954]); 6, grey and black gypsiferous marls; 7, gypsiferous marls; 8, phosphatic breccia: fish, crocodile, batoids, sawfish (bone bed of the new turtle skull); 9, white sandstones: turtles, selachians; 10, black marls, salt; 11, 13, 15, yellow marls [with Libycoceras and Laffiteines]; 12, lumachella, with Rs (Veniella [Roudaireia] ouressensis); 14, lumachella; 16, ferrugineous sandstones (overlying crust). C LS, bank C in Lingham-Soliar (1991 [after David Ward]); D et al., Dikouma et al. (1993, 1994); F, Formation; G, Greigert (1966); MS, banks 8-10, 11/14, 19 and 25 in Moody & Sutcliffe (1991). Not to scale.

FIG. 1 in The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context

FIG. 1. — Geological map of the Iullemeden basin, extract from the Geological map of Africa, 1:10 millionth (Thiéblemont & Chêne 2016). Numbers: 1, Quaternary, 2.6-0 Ma, sedimentary; 5, Paleogene to Pleistocene, 66-0.012 Ma, sedimentary; 7, Tertiary, 66-2.6 Ma, sedimentary; 10, Upper Cretaceous, 100.5-66 Ma. Sedimentary; 12, Lower Cretaceous, 145-100.5 Ma, sedimentary; 39, Paleozoic; 45, 46, Proterozoic; 70, 86, 87, Archean. Blue square, area represented Fig. 2 (geographical map). Orange square, area represented in Fig. 3 (Greigert's geological map).

Fig. 2 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of DNA barcode haplotypes of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. and other genera of Heliodinidae. Sequences of Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller, 1847) (Bedelliidae Meyrick, 1880) and Scythropia crataegella (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scythropiidae Friese, 1966) were included as outgroups. Numbers indicate bootstrap percentages (1000 replicates).

Fig. 6 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 6. Female genitalia of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (IDEA-LEPI-2020-024) A. Female genitalia, ventral view. B. Papillae analis. C. Ornamentation of the proximal part of the signum. D. Ornamentation of the distal part of the signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of three Neotropical Heliodinidae. Red rectangle on left indicates the location in South America of the area enlarged on right. Circle = type locality of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. in northern Chile. Triangles = distribution of Aetole demarcha (Meyrick, 1917), the geographically nearest heliodinid species to H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. on the western slopes of the Andes, in Peru. Square = type locality of Lithariapteryx loriculata (Meyrick, 1932) on the eastern slopes of the Andes of Bolivia, the morphologically nearest species to H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 7 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 7. Habitat and host plant of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. A. The type locality near Zapahuira Village at about 3400 m elevation on the western slopes of the Andes of the Parinacota Province, northern Chile. B. The host plant Mirabilis acuta (Reiche) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae). C. Detail of the damage pattern on a leaf of the host. D. Flower of M. acuta.

Fig. 1 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 1. Strict consensus (85 steps, consistency index 52, retention index 75) of the four most parsimonious trees, showing the phylogenetic relationships of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (rectangle) based on the data matrix provided by Hsu & Powell (2004). Only unambiguous changes are shown. Outgroups not shown.

Fig. 4 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 4. Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (IDEA-LEPI-2020-024), wing venation showing frenulum with two bristles of unequal length. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 5. Male genitalia and eighth segment of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype (IDEA- LEPI-2020-021). A. Male genitalia, ventral view, phallus removed. B. Phallus, lateral view. C. Tergum and pleural lobes of eighth segment. D. Socius, closed arrow in A. E. Small spine-like cornuti on the vesica, open arrow in A. F. Medial part of the cornutus. G. Coremata between pleural lobes of segment VIII and genitalia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 3. Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (IDEA-LEPI-2020-015). A. Dorsal view. B. Head, lateral. C. Basal flagellomeres of right antenna. D. Three bulging metallic spots on the basal half of forewing. E. Hair pencil from base of subcosta, ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm.