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FIGURE 3 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 3. Summary of the current understanding of stratigraphic relations of the fossil localities. These are simplified stratigraphic columns through the Slope Point Block and the Brothers Block (Pole, 2004) and the South Limb of the Southland Syncline (based on Speden, 1971). Pole (2004) proposed that all terrestrial sediments should be recognised as False Island Formation. For ease of comparison, the formations of Speden (1971) are indicated for the South Limb.

FIGURE 18 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 18. Bellarinea richardsii, all Little Bay-01. 1. LX0676; 2. LX0675; 3. LX1275; 4. LX1130. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 11. Rintoulia pectinata 1. LX1029 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 11. Rintoulia pectinata 1. LX1029, Little Bay-03; 2. LX1021, Little Bay-03; 3. LX669, Owaka. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 17. Elatocladus spp. 1 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 17. Elatocladus spp. 1. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1054, Little Bay-01; 2. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1061, Little Bay-01; 3. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1131, Little Bay-01; 4. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1159, Little Bay-01; 5. Elatocladus sp. B, LX2077, Blue Cod Bay. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 15. Taeniopteris spatulata details. 1. LX1218 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 15. Taeniopteris spatulata details. 1. LX1218, Curio Bay; 2. LX1097, Curio Bay; 3. LX1277, Curio Bay; 4. LX1241, Curio Bay. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

Fig. 8 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 8. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus, Giraffatitan, and Amargasaurus humeri. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (open circles), Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), and Giraffatitan brancai (stars) anterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for Dicraeosaurus sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3, MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912; 5, MB.R.2911. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (open circles), D. hansemanni (crosses), and Amargasaurus cazaui (stars) anterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3, MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912; 5, MACN-N 15.

Fig. 9 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 9. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus femora. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (circles) and Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), posterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, larger symbols denoting mean values for each group; 1, MB.R. 2697; 2, MB.R.2638; 3, MB.R.4886.92; 4, MB.R.4886.93; 5, MB.R.2696; 6, MB.R.2695. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (circles) and D. hansemanni (crosses), femora proximal, posterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, larger symbols denoting mean values for each group; 1, MB.R.2638; 2, MB.R.2697; 3, MB.R.2915; 4, MB.R.2695; 5, MB.R.2696; 6, MB.R.4886.92; 7, MB.R.4886.93.

Fig. 7 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 7. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus humeri. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (open circles) and Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), anterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3 , MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (open circles) and D. hansemanni (crosses), posterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2634; 3, MB.R.2655; 4, MB.R.2657; 5, MB.R.4912.

Fig. 6 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 6. Thin-plate Splines of femora of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus. A. Reference shape of femora of Dicraeosaurus. B. MB.R.2638, Dicraeosaurus sattleri in comparison with reference shape slightly shortened femoral head, 4th trochanter proximally displaced and longer tibial condyles. C. MB.R.4886.92, Dicraeosaurus hansemanni in comparison with reference shape femoral head slightly medially and proximally enlarged and distal condyli approaching each other. D. MB.R.4886.93, D. hansemanni in comparison with reference shape 4th trochanter displaced distally and medially, and distal condyles approaching each other. E. Reference shape of femur of Amargasuarus cazaui, MACN N-15. Printouts from tpsSplin (Rohlf 2004a). Not to scale.

Fig. 4 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 4. Landmark positions used for the bones of Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus. A. Left humerus in anterior aspect, 1. and 4. maximum width of proximal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of proximal extremity; 2. and 3. latero-medial width of articular surface of humeral head (3. is also proximal border of deltopectoral crest); 5. peak (highest elevation) of deltopectoral crest; 6. and 7. medial and lateral margin of shaft at distal end of deltopectoral crest; 8. and 11. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 9. distal medial ridge; 10 distal lateral ridge. B. Left humerus posterior aspect. 1. and 4. maximum width of proximal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of proximal extremity; 2. and 3. latero-medial width of articular surface of humeral head; 5. and 6. minimum shaft diameter measured at the medial and lateral margin of the shaft; 7. and 11. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 8–10. boundary of olecranon fossa. C. Left femur posterior aspect. 1. medial margin of femoral head; 2. lateral margin of femoral head; 3. greater trochanter; 4. lesser trochanter (lateral end); 5. peak (maximum elevation) of 4th trochanter; 6. and 7. minimum shaft diameter measured at the medial and lateral margin of the shaft (7. is also distal end of 4th trochanter); 8. and 12. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 9. centre of fibular condyle; 10. maximum elevation of lateral condyle; 11. maximum elevation of tibial condyle.

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Fig. 3 in The systematics of Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid theropods from Europe and North America

Fig. 3. Autapomorphies of tyrannosauroids Juratyrant langhami Benson, 2008, Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset England, Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) (A, B) and Stokesosaurus clevelandi Madsen, 1974, Morrison Formation, Utah, USA, Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) (C). A. Right pubis (OUMNH J.3311−22) in lateral view, with the autapomorphic lateral fossa denoted. B. Left ischium (OUMNH J.3311−25) in lateral (B1) and anterior (B2) views, with an inset close up (2.5× magnification) of the autapomorphic folded proximal region of the ischial apron (B3). The autapomorphic convex ischial tubercle is also denoted. C. Pubic peduncle of the left ilium (UMNH 2938) in medial view, with the autapomorphic swollen rim indicated.

Fig. 3 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 3. Studied sample of femora of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus in posterior aspect. Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (A, B), Dicraeosaurus sattleri (C–G), and Amargasaurus cazaui (H). A. MB.R.4886.92, right femur. B. MB.R.4886.93 left femur. A and B belong to the mounted skeleton "m". C. MB.R.2695, right femur. D. MB.R.2696, right femur. E. MB.R.2697, right femur. F. MB.R.2638, left femur. G. MB.R.2915, left femur. H. MACN-N 15, left femur. Scale bars 20 cm.

Fig. 2 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 2. Studied sample of humeri of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus in anterior aspect. Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (A), Dicraeosaurus sattleri (B–E), and Amargasaurus cazaui (F). A. MB.R.4912, right humerus. B. MB.R.2631, right humerus. C. MB.R.2634, right humerus. D. MB.R.2655, left humerus. E. MB.R.2657, left humerus. F. MACN-N 15, right humerus. Scale bars 10 cm.

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Fig. 2 in The systematics of Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid theropods from Europe and North America

Fig. 2. The phylogenetic relationships of tyrannosauroids, based on a revised analysis of the Brusatte et al. (2010) dataset. Details of the analysis are described in the text and the dataset is presented in SOM. The cladogram shown here is the single most parsimonious tree recovered by the analysis, with the wildcard taxon Aviatyrannis excluded (570 steps, CI = 0.640, RI = 0.835). Numbers next to nodes denote bootstrap percentages (based on 1000 replicates) and Bremer support. Note that Stokesosaurus clevelandi and "S." langhami (here referred to by its new genus name, Juratyrant) are not found as sister taxa, and therefore a monophyletic Stokesosaurus is not recovered. When Aviatyrannis is included in the analysis, the strict consensus of nine most parsimonious trees (not figured) shows identical and fully resolved relationships among Xiongguanlong and all more derived taxa. However, Stokesosaurus clevelandi, "S." langhami, and Eotyrannus, form a polytomy. This clade, in turn, is part of a large basal polytomy that also includes the Xiongguanlong + more derived clade, Dilong, Aviatyrannis, Guanlong, Kileskus, Proceratosaurus, and Sinotyrannus. On the figured cladogram, the following unambiguous synapomorphies support major clades, with character numbering following that in the character list of Brusatte et al. (2010) and SOM: all tyrannosauroids more derived than Dilong (33, 41, 49, 80, 180, 181, 196, 198, 221, 239, 241, 244, 257, 274, 281, 289, 290); the clade of S. clevelandi, Juratyrant, and Eotyrannus (258, 310, 311, 313); the clade of Juratyrant and Eotyrannus (no unambiguous synapomorphies).

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Fig. 1 in The systematics of Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid theropods from Europe and North America

Fig. 1. Ilia of basal non−tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids with a posterodorsally inclined ridge on the lateral surface of the ilium. A. Right ilium (reversed) of Juratyrant langhami Benson, 2008 (OUMNH J.3311−21), Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset England, Late Jurassic (early Tithonian). B. Left ilium of Stokesosaurus clevelandi, Madsen 1974 (UMNH VP 7473), Morrison Formation, Utah, USA, Late Jurassic (early Tithonian). C. Left ilium of Eotyrannus lengi Hutt, Naish, Martill, Barker, and Newberry, 2001 (MIWG 1997.550), Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight, England, Early Cretaceous (Barremian). All in lateral view. Arrows denote the lateral ridge.

Fig. 9 in A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

Fig. 9. Left femur of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. (GMUL 3579-81, holotype) from the Late Jurassic of OwadówBrzezinki Quarry; in dorsal (A), posterior (B), anterior (C), proximal (D), and distal (E) views.

Fig. 6 in A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

Fig. 6. Morphology of scapula and coracoid of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. (GMUL 3579-81, holotype) from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry. A. Left scapula in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views. B. Right coracoid in lateral (B1) and articular (B2) views.

Fig. 8 in A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

Fig. 8. Right humerus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. (GMUL 3579-81, holotype) from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry; in dorsal (A), ventral (B), anterior (C), and posterior (D) views.

Fig. 4 in A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

Fig. 4. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. GMUL 3579-81, holotype) from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry; tooth in labial (A) and anterior (B) views.

Fig. 5 in A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

Fig. 5. Morphology of isolated centra of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. (GMUL 3579-81, holotype) from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry. Atlas-axis complex (A), cervical (B), dorsal (C), preflexural caudal (D), and postflexural caudal (E) centra, preflexural caudal spine (F); in anterior (A1–E1) and left-lateral (A2–E2, F) views.