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Figure 2 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of URF in the west of Zanjan Province with three vertebrate footprints bearing lithohorizons. The Chehrabad tracksite is in the second lithohorizon.

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Figure 1 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 1. Location and geological map: (a) Location of Zanjan Province in Iran, (b) location of the study area in the west of Zanjan, (c) outcrop of Upper Red Formation (URF) in the Chehrabad area, and (d) geological map of the URF and location of studied tracksite. Base geological map by Lotfi (2001) (with permission).

Fig. 1 in First true mastodon from the Late Miocene of Iran

Fig. 1 Geographic location of the new late Miocene mammal fossil localities (Varzeghan, Ivand, and kivi-1) in North-Western Iran (the map modified after Jafarzadeh and Konidaris, 2019)

Fig. 2 in First true mastodon from the Late Miocene of Iran

Fig. 2 Third upper right molar tooth of "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus from Abkhareh village, Varzeghan, Iran. A, Occlusal view; Key (Tobien, 1996): a.cr.1, anterior crescentoid of the first loph; a.cr.2, anterior crescentoid of the second loph; cg, cingulum; clts.po, conelets on the posttrite (secondary or adaxial conelets); clts.pr, conelets on the pretrite (secondary or adaxial conelets); pa, paracone; p.cr.1, posterior crescentoid of the first loph; p.cr.2, posterior crescentoid of the second loph; pr, protocone; zc, zygodont crest; p.cr.3, posterior crescentoid of the third loph; me, metacone; hy, hypocone

Fig. 5 in First true mastodon from the Late Miocene of Iran

Fig. 5 Dextral upper tusk of "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus, Abkhareh, Varzeghan, Iran; A Medial view (polished wear facet on distal end, shown by an arrow); B lateral view; C cross-section of sinistral I2, "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus, Abkhareh, Varzeghan, Iran

Fig. 6 A in First true mastodon from the Late Miocene of Iran

Fig. 6 A Lateral view of sinistral I2, "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus, Abkhareh; B ventro-lateral view of dextral I2, "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus, Abkhareh, Varzeghan, Iran (arrows show the longitudinal notch on the ventro-lateral surface of the tusk)

Fig. 10 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 10 Fish teeth from the studied localities: a–e Pshekharus yesinorum Bannikov & Kotlyar, 2015, isolated jaw teeth in lateral (a1, b1, c, d1, e) and dorsal view (a2, b2, d2), arranged in a sequence from distal to proximal positions. f Dasyatis sp., anterior tooth in dorsal (f1), occlusal view (f2), profile (f3) and labial view (f4)

Fig. 7 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 7 Otoliths of Gobionellidae: a–e Deltentosteus aff. telleri (Schubert, 1906), 7a Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2553, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2552, c (reversed), e Mlyntsi, NMB P1209. f, g Economidichthys triangularis (Weiler, 1943), f (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1210, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2554. h, i Knipowitschia polonica Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2562, i Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1213. j, k Pomatoschistus elegans (Procházka, 1900), j (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2576, k (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1222

Fig. 4 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 4 Otoliths of Gobius spp.: a–e Gobius bratishkoi n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2555, Kozatskyi Yar, b–e paratypes, b (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2556, c–e (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1211. f Gobius reichenbacherae Schwarzhans, 2014, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2557 (reversed). g–k Gobius ukrainicus n. sp., j holotype, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2558, g–i, k paratypes, g, i, k NMNHU-P PI 2560, h (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2559

Fig. 1 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 1 Location map and stratigraphy: a schematic map showing the Medobory Reef (after Korolyuk, 1952, and Górka et al., 2012, with modifications) and the studied localities in the vicinities of Horodok, western Ukraine; b schematic geologic cross section of the Badenian sequence through the Medobory region after Wysocka et. al. (2016) and Górka (2018a)

Fig. 13 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 13 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of selected non-gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing. Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk for Dentex aff. gregarius tentatively includes records of Dentex aff. maroccanus by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Triple asterisk for Argyrosomus sp. denotes record of Argyrosomus aff. regius by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 9 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 9 Otoliths of Haemulidae, Serranidae, Sparidae, Leiognathidae and Caproidae: a (reversed)—Brachydeuterus speronatus (Bassoli, 1906), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2549. b, c Serranidae indet., b (broken and repaired), c (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2579. d, e Pshekharus yesinorum Bannikov & Kotlyar, 2015, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2578. f (reversed)—Leiognathidae indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1214. g Perciformes indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1221. h (reversed) – Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758), Mlyntsi, NMB P1206

Fig. 12 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 12 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing (Gobius reichenbacherae tentatively includes records of Gobius aff. niger by Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk denotes species only known in the Vienna Basin from the early Badenian and shown for correlation purposes. Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 6 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 6 Otoliths of Medoborichthys and Vanderhorstia: a–d Medoborichthys podolicus n. gen. et n. sp., b holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2563, Mlyntsi, a, c, d paratypes, a Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2564, c Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2565, d (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1215. e–g Medoborichthys renesulcis n. gen. et n. sp., e holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2566, Mlyntsi, f, g paratypes, f Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1216, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2567. h–j Vanderhorstia prochazkai Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h (reversed), j (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMB P1223, h (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2582. k Vanderhorstia sp., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1224

Fig. 3 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 3 Otoliths of Gadiformes: a, b Micromesistius planatus (Bassoli & Schubert, 1906), Mlyntsi, a NMNHU-P PI 2568 and b NMB P1218. c–f Onogadus simplicissimus (Schubert, 1906), c (reversed), d, f Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1220, e Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2572

Fig. 2 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 2 Photographs of the investigated outcrops: Mlyntsi (a, b), Kozatskyi Yar (c, d), and Shydlivshchyna (e, f) in general view and close-up. The total length of the shovel handle is 72 cm

Fig. 8 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 8 Otoliths of Blenniidae and Labridae: a, b Blennius vernyhorovae n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2547, Mlyntsi, b (reversed) paratype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1205. c, d Coris medoboryensis n. sp., c holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2551, Kozatskyi Yar, d (reversed) paratype, Mlyntsi, NMB P1208

Fig. 11 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 11 Schematic block diagram of the northern part of the Central Paratethys during the late Badenian depicting the main localities from which otolith have been studied and the common species found therein (most common ones shown in bold printing). Diagram not to scale and not proportional; based on KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 5 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 5 Otoliths of Odondebuenia, Parenypnias and Bathygobius?: a–d Odondebuenia agiadiae Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, a (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1219, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2569, c (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2570. e–h Parenypnias inauditus n. gen. et n. sp., f holotype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2550, e, g (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1207, h Žižkov 1 well (1616–1622 m), DGS MU-0395. i Parenypnias kiselevi n. gen. et n. sp., holotype, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2574. j Enypnias seminudus (GÜnther, 1861), Recent, USNM 407784, 13° 22′ N 87° 52′ W. k Gobiosoma bosc (Lacépède, 1800), Recent (reversed), LACM coll. Fitch, off Rappahannock. l Bathygobius? sp. (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2548