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FIGURE 3. Liogenys flaveola Moser, 1924 in Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species

FIGURE 3. Liogenys flaveola Moser, 1924, male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) pygidium, D) lateral, E) metatibia, and parameres views: F) dorsal, G) lateral.

FIGURE 2. Liogenys calcarata Frey, 1970 in Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species

FIGURE 2. Liogenys calcarata Frey, 1970, male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) pygidium, D) lateral, E) metatibia, black arrow indicating short, modified spur, and parameres views: F) dorsal, G) lateral.

FIGURE 1 in Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species

FIGURE 1. Liogenys brachyclypeata Cherman, new species, male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) frontal, D) lateral, E) pygidium, and parameres views: F) dorsal, G) lateral.

FIGURE 7 in Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species

FIGURE 7. Liogenys martinezi Cherman, new species, male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) pygidium, D) lateral, E) detail of pruinose elytron, and parameres views: F) dorsal, G) lateral.

FIGURE 140 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURE 140. Distributions of 18 Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, showing the concentration of species around the Northern Cape town of Nieuwoudtville.

FIGURE 139 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURE 139. The winter-rainfall zone of South Africa (diagonal lines) spans across the Fynbos (dark shading) and Succulent Karoo (light grey shading) biomes. The core distribution area for Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species is indicated by a rectangle to show it's regional context.

FIGURES 119–138 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 119–138. Habitus photos of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 and Anisochelus Burmeister, 1844 species, in dorsal view ♂♂, otherwise indicated. 119, B. nigra Dombrow, new species; 120, B. pallidibrunnea Dombrow, new species; 121, B. fusca Dombrow, new species; 122, B. setosa Dombrow, new species; 123, B. castanea Dombrow, new species; 124, B. colvillei Dombrow, 2005; 125, B. pulchra Dombrow, new species; 126, B. nigrofasciata Dombrow, new species; 127, B. caliginosa Dombrow, new species; 128, B. pumila Dombrow, new species; 129, B. gifbergensis Dombrow, new species; 130, B. julianae Dombrow, 2005; 131, B. elkeae Dombrow, new species; 132, B. elkeae Dombrow, new species, ♀; 133, B. suturalis Dombrow, new species; 134, B. nigrosetosa Dombrow, new species; 135, B. occidentalis Dombrow, 2005; 136, B. bicolor Dombrow, new species; 137, B. dolichiocnemis Dombrow, new species; 138, Anisochelus inornatus Burmeister, 1844.

FIGURES 100–117 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 100–117. Detailed drawings of the parameres for the key and the differential diagnosis of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in dorsal view, ♂♂. Arrows indicate characters of importance. 100, B. nigra Dombrow, new species; 101, B. pallidibrunnea Dombrow, new species; 102, B. fusca Dombrow, new species; 103, B. setosa Dombrow, new species; 104, B. castanea Dombrow, new species; 105, B. colvillei Dombrow, 2005; 106, B. pulchra Dombrow, new species; 107, B. nigrofasciata Dombrow, new species; 108, B. caliginosa Dombrow, new species; 109, B. pumila Dombrow, new species; 110, B. gifbergensis Dombrow, new species; 111, B. julianae Dombrow, 2005; 112, B. elkeae Dombrow, new species; 113, B. suturalis Dombrow, new species; 114, B. nigrosetosa Dombrow, new species; 115, B. occidentalis Dombrow, 2005; 116, B. bicolor Dombrow, new species; 117, B. dolichiocnemis Dombrow sp.n. Scale bar 1mm.

FIGURE 118 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURE 118. Habitus drawing of Beckhoplia caliginosa Dombrow, new species, in dorsal view, ♂. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 59–61 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 59–61. General drawing of the types of metathoracic pretarsomere of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in lateral view, ♂♂. 59, slender, with a smooth ridge; 60, slightly thickened, with a granulate ridge; 61, slightly thickened, with an undulate ridge. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 55–58 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 55–58. General drawing of the types of mesothoracic pretarsomere of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in lateral view showing the distinctly thickened, roundish cutting missing ventrally, ♂♂, otherwise indicated. 55, with a shortened smooth ridge, with roundish cutting; 56, with a shortened granulate ridge; 57, slender, with a full undulate ridge, ♀♀; 58, with a shortened smooth ridge. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 50–54 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 50–54. General drawing of the types of prothoracic pretarsomere of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in lateral view, with roundish cutting ventrally, ♂♂. 50, distinctly thickened, smooth ventrally; 51, slightly thickened, with a shortened smooth ridge ventrally; 52, distinctly thickened, with a median tooth ventrally; 53, slightly thickened, with two median teeth consecutive ventrally; 54, distinctly thickened, with a shortened granulate ridge ventrally. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 47–49 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 47–49. General drawing of the prothoracic tarsomeres of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in dorsal view, ♂♂. Scale bar 1 mm, otherwise indicated. 47, tarsomere I–IV equal in length; 48, lengthening from tarsomere I–IV; 49, tarsomere II–IV with a ventral extension, scale bar 0.5 mm..

FIGURES 41–46 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 41–46. General drawing of the prothoracic tibia of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in dorsal view, otherwise indicated, ♂♂. 41, slender, basal tooth very small, interspace between teeth almost equal, shape of interspace concave, with a dense longitudinal row of deep, elongate roundish punctures; 42, basal tooth rudimentary, interspace between teeth almost equal, interspace between anterior and median tooth concave and between median and basal tooth linear; 43, interspace between anterior and median tooth u-shaped and between median and basal tooth concave; 44, with a medio-ventral ridge; 45, with a medio-ventral ridge, cross-section: a, internal ridge; b, external ridge; c, medio-ventral ridge; 46, smooth ventrally, cross-section: a, internal ridge; b, external ridge. Scale bar 1mm.

FIGURES 62–97 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 62–97. Parameres and phallobase of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in dorsal view (left side), in lateral view (right side), ♂♂. 62–63, B. nigra Dombrow, new species; 64–65, B. pallidibrunnea Dombrow, new species; 66–67, B. fusca Dombrow, new species; 68–69, B. setosa Dombrow, new species; 70–71, B. castanea Dombrow, new species; 72–73, B. colvillei Dombrow, 2005; 74–75, B. pulchra Dombrow, new species; 76–77, B. nigrofasciata Dombrow, new species; 78–79, B. caliginosa Dombrow, new species; 80–81, B. pumila Dombrow, new species; 82–83, B. gifbergensis Dombrow, new species; 84–85, B. julianae Dombrow, 2005; 86–87, B. elkeae Dombrow, new species; 88–89, B. suturalis Dombrow, new species; 90–91, B. nigrosetosa Dombrow, new species; 92–93, B. occidentalis Dombrow, 2005; 94–95, B. bicolor Dombrow, new species; 96–97, B. dolichiocnemis Dombrow, new species; 98–99, Anisochelus inornatus Burmeister, 1844. Scale bar 1mm.

FIGURES 32–33 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 32–33. General drawings of compression of the ventrites of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, ♂♂. 32, ventrite I extremely shortened medially, ventrite II–V not shortened medially, ventrite V not constricted ventrally; 33, ventrite I distinctly shortened medially, ventrite II–IV not shortened medially, ventrite V broadest and slightly constricted ventrally. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 34–35 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 34–35. General drawings of the pygidium and abdomen of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in posterior view. 34, abdomen not compressed laterally, ♂♂; 35, abdomen distinctly pulvinate, ♀♀. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES. 6–7 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES. 6–7. General drawings of the reflexion of the anterior margin of the clypeus of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in lateral view. 6, distinctly reflexed, ♂♂; 7, less distinct reflexed, ♀♀. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 23–28 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 23–28. General drawings of the pronotum and scutellum of Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 species, in lateral view ♂♂. Pronotum: 23, posterior corner obtuse, angled; 24, rounded. Scutellum: 25, posterior corner obtuse, angled; 26, rounded; 27, tip pointed; 28, tip rounded. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 3–5 in Review of the genus Beckhoplia Dombrow, 2005 with the description of fifteen new species from South Africa and observations on its biogeography (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Hopliini)

FIGURES 3–5. General drawings of the type of incision of the anterior margin of Beckhoplia colvillei Dombrow, 2005 in anterior view, ♂♂. 3, concave incised medially; 4, curly bracket-shaped incised medially; 5, broad v-shaped incised medially. Scale bar 0.5 mm.