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907 results for “Pine”
Evolutionary targets of gene expression divergence in a complex of closely related pine species
<p>The environment is a powerful selective pressure for sessile organisms, such as plants, and adaptation to the environment is particularly important for long-lived species, like trees. Despite the importance of adaptive trait variation to the survival and success of trees, the molecular basis of adaptation is still poorly understood. Gene expression patterns in three closely related, but phenotypically and ecologically divergent, pine species were analyzed to detect differentiation that may be associated with their adaptation to distinct environments. Total RNA of <em>Pinus mugo</em>, <em>P. uncinata </em>and <em>P. sylvestris</em> samples grown under common garden conditions was used for <em>de novo</em> transcriptome assembly, providing a new reference dataset that includes species from the taxonomically challenging <em>Pinus mugo</em> complex. Gene expression profiles were found to be very similar with only 121 genes significantly diverged in any of the pairwise species comparisons. Functional annotation of these genes revealed major categories of distinctly expressed transcripts including: wood trait properties, oxidative stress response, and response to abiotic factors such as salinity, drought and temperature. We discuss putative associations between gene expression profiles and adaptation to different environments, for example: upregulation of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in the species which have adapted to mountainous regions characterized by strong winds and thick snow cover. Our study provides valid candidates for verification of the importance of the gene expression role, in addition to evidence for selection within genomic regions, in the process of ecological divergence and adaptation to higher altitudes in pine taxa.</p>
Datasets of surface ice flow speed for Pine Island Glacier, Ferrigno Ice Stream and Leonardo Glacier
<p>Here we make available the datasets used in my MRes dissertation as part of the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Leeds. The research paper presents a novel method to automatically detect speed anomalies in ice velocity datasets.</p>
Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry) with implications for rare species conservation
<p>Understanding the contribution of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes to population differences is often necessary for better-informed management and conservation of rare species. In this study, we focused on <em>Pinus torreyana</em> Parry (Torrey pine), one of the world's rarest pines, endemic to one island and one mainland population in California. Small population size, low genetic diversity, and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses suggest Torrey pine may benefit from inter-population genetic rescue to preserve the species' evolutionary potential. We leveraged reduced representation sequencing to tease apart the respective contributions of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary processes to population differentiation. We applied these data to model spatial and temporal demographic changes in effective population sizes and genetic connectivity, to assess loci possibly under selection, and to evaluate genetic rescue as a potential conservation strategy. Overall, we observed exceedingly low standing variation reflecting consistently low effective population sizes across time and limited genetic differentiation suggesting maintenance of gene flow following divergence. However, genome scans identified more than 2000 candidate SNPs for divergent selection. Combined with previous observations indicating population phenotypic differentiation, this indicates natural selection has likely contributed to the evolution of population genetic differences. Thus, while reduced genetic diversity, small effective population size, and genetic connectivity between populations suggest genetic rescue could mitigate the adverse effects of rarity, divergent selection suggests genetic mixing could disrupt adaptation. Further work evaluating the fitness consequences of inter-population admixture is necessary to empirically evaluate the trade-offs associated with genetic rescue in Torrey pine.</p>
Fire favors sexual precocity in a Mediterranean pine
<p><span>Wildfires are a natural disturbance in many ecosystems. Consequently, plant species have acquired traits that allow them to resist and regenerate in an environment with recurrent fires. A key trait in fire-prone ecosystems is the age at first reproduction (maturity age); populations of non-resprouting species cannot persist when fire interval is shorter than this age. Maturity age is variable among individuals, so we hypothesize that short fire intervals select for early seed production (precocity). We selected 13 plots with different fire regimes in eastern Spain, all dominated by <em>Pinus halepensis</em> (a non-resprouting serotinous species). Then, we evaluated the age at first reproduction and the size of the canopy seed bank of each individual pine. Our results show a significant effect of fire regime on the onset of reproduction in this species, suggesting a selection towards higher precocity in populations subject to shorter fire intervals. Due to this higher precocity, pines stored more cones, and therefore, increased their potential for post-fire regeneration. We provide the first field evidence that fire can act as a driver of precocity. Being precocious in fire-prone environments is adaptive because it increases the probability of having a significant seed bank when the next fire arrives.</span></p>
Resilience of a tropical montane pine forest to fire and severe droughts
<p><span>1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states.</span></p> <p><span>2. This study focused on long-term dynamics of montane <em>Pinus</em> <em>occidentalis</em> forests in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km<sup>2</sup> fire in 2005, the largest since 1965</span>. <span>We used long-term records to investigate climate before and after the fire and a 19-year dataset of pre- and post-fire vegetation change from a network of 55 permanent plots (20 small </span>0.05 ha<span> plots and 35 large 0.1 ha plots) established in 1999 to model overstorey and understorey vegetation dynamics. </span></p> <p><span>3. The 2005 fire was synchronized with the most extreme drought in the region in over 60 years. The fire burned from < 1600 to > 3000 m a.s.l. in elevation across windward and leeward slopes, creating a mosaic of low-, moderate-, and high-severity patches. L</span><span>ower elevations</span><span>, </span><span>leeward slopes, and stands </span><span>with a higher proportion of smaller pine trees</span><span> all burned at higher severities. </span></p> <p><span>4. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire remained lower than pre-fire rates 13 years after the fire. The </span><span>highest mortality rates were soon after the fire and in the census immediately after the post-fire droughts</span><span>. Post-fire pine seedling abundance was significantly greater in stands with higher basal area of live canopy trees and significantly reduced by increased shrub abundance in the understorey. Understorey composition recovered rapidly to pre-fire states in sites affected by low- and moderate-severity fires, but sites affected by high-severity fires remained dissimilar to pre-fire composition</span> 13 years after the fire<span>. Even though high-severity patches had persistently low pine regeneration, 100% of </span>small <span>plots and 96% of large plots had at least one pine sapling or canopy tree recruit by 2018. Shrub taxa survived the fire in higher numbers and recovered to pre-fire densities much faster than the pine, especially in high-severity burns.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis</span><span>. Climate change has increased the likelihood of wildfires in tropical montane pine forests, with long-lasting effects on vegetation dynamics. However, this</span> biome may prove resilient to increasingly severe fires in the near future<span>, given the ongoing recovery of <em>Pinus occidentalis</em> forests</span> in Hispaniola <span>despite repeated severe droughts. Nevertheless, highly drought- and fire-resistant taxa (e.g. shrubs) may form alternate stable states in drier portions of tropical montane landscapes in the future as droughts and high-severity fires become more common.</span></p>
Thermal conductivity of pines at various temperatures
<p><strong>Thermal conductivity of pines at various temperatures</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p> </p> <p>A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae. Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. Pines are commonly found in the Northern Hemisphere. Pine may also refer to the lumber derived from pine trees; it is one of the more extensively used types of lumber. Many pine species make attractive ornamental plantings for parks and larger gardens with a variety of dwarf cultivars being suitable for smaller spaces. Pines are also commercially grown and harvested for Christmas trees. Pine cones, the largest and most durable of all conifer cones, are craft favorites.</p> <p> </p> <p>Thermodynamic temperature (degrees kelvin), Thermal conductivity (watts per meter-kelvin)</p> <p>222 0.0886</p> <p>238.7 0.0913</p> <p>255.4 0.0939</p> <p>272.2 0.0966</p> <p>288.9 0.0994</p> <p>305.5 0.102</p>
Charleston Pine Tree Arrowhead
Made with 3df zephyr aerial, using 69 photos. This particular model has lots of tiny holes in the mesh... I'm not sure why. This piece is one of my favorites... it was beautifully crafted, and the serrations on the blade aged very well. The tip is snapped off, as well as one of the "ears." the material is almost like limestone... not quite like flint. It is pale pink in colour, with streaks and speckles of white and brown. It is about 3.5 x 2.25 cm, or 1.25 x 0.875 in. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pine Tree
This model is made with blender. It is free to download, you can use it in your projects. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Do-460: Pine Tree Corner Notched
A Virtual Window on the Dawn of Indiana Archeaology: Digitizing the Dolan Collection Syracuse-Wawasee Historical Museum Type: Pine Tree Corner Notched Marteial: Wyandotte Period: Early Archaic Uploaded by: Dana Northam Suggested Data Citation: Northam, Dana, Hunter Davis, Matthew P. Purtill, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2018. A Virtual Window on the Dawn of Indiana Archaeology: Digitizing the Dolan Collection, The Syracuse-Wawasee Historical Museum, Inc. (SWHM) [Funded by an Indiana Heritage Support Grant], Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Department of Anthropology, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) after vacuum drying.
<p>The study was conducted on Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) wood under a convective vacuum dryer. Wooden planks were seasoned at 45℃ above 20% moisture content and at 50℃ below 20% moisture content to final moisture content of 8 % to 12 %. It was found that all the physical and mechanical properties under study were increased. This study will encourage convective vacuum seasoning of timber for fast and defect-free drying.</p>
Fig. 1 in Abundance and composition of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the developmental cycle of pine stands in Człuchów Forest (NW Poland)
Fig. 1. Location of Człuchów Forest within the territory of Poland
Fig. 1 in Pine Forest Earthworms From Canary Islands (Tenerife And Gran Canaria)
Fig. 1. Maps of Tenerife and Gran Canaria with the sites mentioned in Appendix 1
Figure 2 in Structural and diversity changes in coastal dunes from the Mexican Caribbean: the case of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Figure 2. Height patterns of the coastal dune vegetation in the sampling plots.
Fig. 5 in Variation In Cone And Seed Morphology Traits Among The Mitochondrial Dna Haplotypes Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)
Fig. 5. Distribution of the seed wing shape (%, units) between and within Scots pine mitotypes.
Fig. 11 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 11.Comparison of regular trees' and wolf trees' growth trends.
Fig. 8 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 8. Regular trees' and wolf trees' reaction to the mezorelief.
Fig. 10 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 10. Regular trees' and wolf trees' reaction to the soil humidity.
Fig. 2 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 2. Scheme of the sample plot.
Fig. 1 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 1. Map of the experiment places.
Fig. 5 in Analysis Of Scots Pine'S (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wolf Trees' Parameters, Growth And Habitat
Fig. 5. Comparison of regular trees' and wolf trees' growth patterns.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.