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632 results for “Policies”
EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES FOR EMERGENCY REMOTE EDUCATION AND THE POST-PANDEMIC: A STUDY BASED ON THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF THE STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF RORAIMA, BRAZIL
<p>This article provides an assessment of the legal framework built during the social isolation phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, by the Federal Government and the State Government of Roraima, regarding the provision of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERE). This is a research with a qualitative approach, developed through document analysis and bibliographical research, with the selection and categorization of all educational regulations issued by the Union and the state of Roraima in the years 2020 and 2021, as well as articles that deal with of the theme of ERE in the Scielo database and in the Capes Catalog of Theses and Dissertations. The normative instruments that sought to guarantee the right to education of children, young people and adults in basic education when school attendance was prohibited were highlighted. Among the main conclusions, it was found that the lack of infrastructure and technological knowledge of school communities were obstacles, as the bibliography shows, even though legally there was a significant effort from the Roraima Government, to guarantee autonomy to schools in offering ERE.</p>
Visual policy narrative messaging and COVID-19 vaccine uptake
<p><span>In the face of vaccine hesitancy, public health officials are seeking more effective risk communication approaches to increase vaccination rates. We test the influence of visual policy narratives on COVID-19 vaccination behavior through a panel survey experiment conducted in early 2021 (n=3900) and then eight weeks later (n=2268). We examine the effects of three visual policy narrative messages that test the narrative mechanism of character selection (<em>yourself, your circle, </em>and<em> your community</em>) and a non-narrative control on COVID-19 vaccine behavior. Visual risk messages that use narratives positively influence COVID-19 vaccination through serial mediation of affective response to the messages and motivation to get the COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, character selection matters, as messages focusing on protecting others (i.e., <em>your</em> <em>circle</em> and <em>your</em> <em>community</em>) perform stronger than that of <em>yourself</em>. Political ideology moderated some of the effects, with conservative respondents in the non-narrative control condition having a higher probability of vaccination in comparison to the <em>protect</em> <em>yourself</em> condition. Taken together, these results suggest that public health officials should use narrative-based visual communication messages that emphasize communal benefits of vaccinations.</span></p>
Supporting Data and Guidance: Modeling policy pathways to maximize renewable energy growth and investment in Democratic Republic of the Congo using OSeMOSYS
<p>This repository contains data files and guidance documents that are supplementary materials to accompany the policy paper "Modeling policy pathways to maximize renewable energy growth and investment in Democratic Republic of the Congo using OSeMOSYS" available on Research Square here: <a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2702275/v1">https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2702275/v1</a></p>
The state of digital archaeological archiving policies and practice [questionnaire survey results]
<p>The digital transition in archaeology is often taken for granted, yet the process is far from complete. The topic of digital archiving has been addressed by both the EAC Working Group for Archaeological Archives and the SEADDA project. These two entities joined forces to produce a special issue of the Internet Archaeology journal, bringing together papers on digital archiving practices in over two dozen countries (Richards et al. 2021). The papers were later analysed by EAC and SEADDA to compare the international situation. The results reveal both shared difficulties associated with the issue of documentary archives worldwide and examples of good practices that help to overcome these problems.</p> <p>A questionnaire survey was also carried out to complement the findings resulting from the interpretation of the published articles with supporting data covering the whole European area in a balanced way. The survey allowed for the compilation of an overview of the situation in 27 countries (30 regions) of Europe. All respondents were experts involved in digital archiving and/or heritage data management in individual countries. Based on the collected information, the disproportion in value of archaeological data and their position within heritage management practice is already proving to be a major shortcoming. Presented dataset contains the questionnaire and the survey results, serving as complementary material to the published interpretation (Novák et al. <em>forthcoming</em>).</p> <p>References:</p> <p>Novák, D. - Oniszczuk, A. - Gumbert, B. <em>forthcoming</em>: Digital archaeological archiving policies and practice in Europe: the EAC call for action. Internet Archaeology 63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.63.7">https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.63.7</a></p> <p>Richards, J.D., Jakobsson, U., Novák, D., Štular, B. and Wright, H. 2021: Digital Archiving in Archaeology: The State of the Art. Introduction, Internet Archaeology 58. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.58.23">https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.58.23</a></p>
Material Efficiency Policy and Nationally Determined Contributions
<p>This is a table containing the data used to create Table 4, Number of G20 countries that include energy or material efficiency commitments in 2nd round of National Determined Contributions in the paper, Policy for material efficiency: Enabling new climate change mitigation strategies by Lifset et al.</p>
Country uptake of WHO recommendations on differentiated HIV testing services approaches: A global policy review
<p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>In 2015 and 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) highlighting recommendations for a strategic mix of differentiated HTS approaches. The Policy review examines the uptake of differentiated HIV Testing service (HTS) approaches recommendations.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>Data were extracted from all available national policies published between January 2015 and June 2019 and stored in WHO's national policy repository. WHO recommended as HTS approaches facility-based testing, community-based testing, HIV self-testing and provider-assisted referral (or assisted partner notification); in terms of testing components: pre-test information, lay provider testing and rapid testing. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine availability of policies and adherence to WHO-differentiated HTS recommendations.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Of 194 countries worldwide, 65 published policies were identified in the review period. 24 were from the African region (51% of African countries, 24/47), six from the Eastern Mediterranean region (29%, 6/21), 21 from the European region (40%, 21/53), five from the American region (14%, 5/35), four from the South East Asia region (36%, 4/11) and five from the Western Pacific Region (19%, 5/27). Only five countries were compliant with recommendations and 63 included at least one. 85% (n=55) included facility-based testing for pregnant women, 75% (n=49) facility-based testing for key populations, 74% (n=48) community-based testing for key populations, 38% (n=25) HIV self-testing, 25% (n=16) provider-assisted referral, 69% (n=45) rapid testing, 57% (n=37) post-test counselling, 45% (n=29) lay provider testing and 29% (n=19) pre-test information. The highest uptake of WHO recommendations was seen in countries from the African and Eastern Mediterranean region.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>There was substantial variability in the uptake of WHO HTS recommendations, ranging from 25% to 85%. Uptake was above 50% for facility-based testing for pregnant women and key populations, community-based testing, rapid diagnostic testing and post-test counselling; uptake was between 25% and 45% for all the other recommendations.</p>
What Do Firms Say in Reporting on Impacts of Climate Change? An Approach to Monitoring ESG Actions and Environmental Policy
<p>This paper focuses on two research questions arising from the 2010 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Advisory on climate change reporting: (1) How does the discussion of climate change in SEC filings change after the Advisory? and (2) What are firms talking about when they talk about climate change?<br> Findings were obtained from the 218,000 10-K filings to the SEC during the 2000--2019 period. The study develops and applies text mining methodology based on extracting information from the ``semantic associates'' in the ``neighborhoods'' of indicative terms. On (1) it finds that climate change-related reporting does increase substantially after the SEC guidance. On (2) a nuanced picture emerges. Firms with comparatively larger transition risks tend to discuss climate change comparatively more, focusing on regulation-related topics. Firms exposed to the physical risks of climate change tend to discuss climate change somewhat less, focusing on meteorological topics. The results enrich our understanding regarding environmental policies and firms' behaviors regarding climate change. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.</p>
TRACE-Omicron Policy Counterfactuals Simulation Data
<p>This repository contains the simulation data for the Policy Counterfactuals in the study in "TRACE-Omicron: Policy Counterfactuals to Inform Mitigation of COVID-19 Spread in the United States" published in Advanced Theory and Simulations (doi:10.1002/adts.202300147)</p>
Artifact supplement for 'Search and Explore: Symbiotic Policy Synthesis in POMDPs'
<p>Artifact supplement for 'Search and Explore: Symbiotic Policy Synthesis in POMDPs' (CAV 2023).<br> <br> This repository includes:<br> - the Docker image containing the software used in the experiments along with the investigated benchmarks and original log files<br> - a guide for replicating the experiments presented in the publication<br> - two versions of the paper: the initial submission and the final version with the revised experiments</p>
Policy and programmatic directions for the Lesotho tuberculosis programme: Findings of the national tuberculosis prevalence survey, 2019
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>The Kingdom of Lesotho has one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. A national TB prevalence survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB disease among those ≥15 years of age in 2019.</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>A multistage cluster-based cross-sectional survey where residents ≥15 years in 54 clusters sampled from across the country were eligible to participate. Survey participants were screened using a symptom screen questionnaire and digital chest X-ray (CXR). Respondents who acknowledged cough of any duration, fever, weight loss, night sweats and/or had any CXR abnormality in the lungs were asked to provide two spot sputum specimens. All sputum testing was conducted at the National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL), where samples underwent Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (1st sample) and MGIT culture (2nd sample). HIV counselling and testing was offered to all survey participants. TB cases were those with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-positive samples with culture; and where culture was not positive, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) was positive with a CXR suggestive of active TB and no current or prior history of TB.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong></p> <p>A total of 39,902 individuals were enumerated, and of these, 26,857 (67.3%) were eligible to participate; 21,719 (80.9%) participated in the survey of which 8,599 (40%) were males and 13,120 (60%) were females. All 21,719 (100%) survey participants underwent symptom screening and a total of 21,344 participants (98.3%) had a CXR. Of the 7,584 (34.9%) participants who were eligible for sputum examination, 4,190 (55.2%) were eligible by CXR only, 1,455 (19.2%) by symptom screening, 1,630 by both, and 309 by CXR exemption. A total of 6,780 (89.4%) submitted two sputum specimens, and 311 (4.1%) submitted one sample only. From the 21,719 survey participants, HIV counseling and testing was offered to 17,048, and 3,915 (23.0%) were documented as HIV-positive. The survey identified 132 participants with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB thus providing an estimated prevalence of 581 per 100,000 population (95% CI 466–696) for those ≥15 years in 2019. Using the survey results, TB incidence was re-estimated to be 654 per 100,000 (95% CI 406–959), which was comparable to the 2018 TB incidence rate of 611 per 100,000 (95% CI 395–872) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The highest TB burden was found in those ≥55 years and among men. The ratio of prevalence to case notification was estimated at 1.22. TB/HIV coinfection was identified in 39 (29.6%) participants. Out of the 1,825 participants who reported a cough, 50% of these participants, mostly men, did not seek care. Those who sought care predominantly went to the public health facilities.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>The TB prevalence survey results confirmed that burden of TB and TB/HIV coinfection remains very high in Lesotho. Given that TB prevalence remains high, and there is a significant proportion of participants with confirmed TB that did not report TB suggestive symptoms. The National TB Programme will need to update its TB screening and treatment algorithms to achieve the End TB targets. A major focus will need to be placed on finding the "missing cases" i.e., undiagnosed or under-reported TB cases, or ensuring that not only TB symptomatic but also those who do not present with typical TB symptoms are promptly identified to reduce further onward transmission.</p>
Deep decarbonisation pathways of the energy system in times of unprecedented uncertainty in the energy sector. Energy Policy (2023). Supplementary Information on Assumptions and Results
<p>This dataset supplements the article with the title "Deep decarbonisation pathways of the energy system in times of unprecedented uncertainty in the energy sector", published in Energy Policy. </p> <p>The dataset contains the following:</p> <ul> <li>The Latin Hypercube Sample of the multipliers that are applied to the key input parameters of ETSAP-TIAM in order to generate 1000 different states of the world regarding economic and demographic growth, energy resources potentials, energy technology costs, climate sensitivity and radiative forcing, LULUCF CO<sub>2</sub> sink potential, CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration potential, and decoupling between energy consumption and economic development. The multipliers are sampled from the underlying probability distributions described in the article. </li> <li>The results (at the global scale) from four scenario families for each one of the 1000 wofld states. These scenario families are: <ul> <li>BASE_SSP2: Describes the development of the global energy system consistent with recent trends and policies.</li> <li>2C_SSP2: Introduces to the BASE_SSP2 scenario a global constraint of 2 °C as the maximum post-industrial temperature change from 2020 to 2100.</li> <li>2C_SSP2_DA30: Delayed climate action. The climate change mitigation policies of 2C_SSP2 start in 2030. </li> <li>1p5c_OS_SSP2: Introduces to the BASE_SSP2 scenario a global constraint of 1.5 °C as the maximum post-industrial temperature change from 2020 onwards to 2100</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Key results included in the dataset are: Temperature change, Radiative Forcing, GHG concentrations, CO2 emissions, Marginal abatement cost, Electricity Supply Primary Energy Consumption, and Annual Total Global Energy System Cost.</p> <p>The dataset also includes sectoral results regarding energy consumption and use, such as shares of different electric uses, shares of hydrogen consumption in end-use sectors, hydrogen supply, Demand electrification by sector, Renewable energy consumption by sector, Alternative fuels consumption in transport, and Total final energy consumption by sector. </p>
[DATASET] Supporting Open Science Hardware in Academia: Policy Recommendations for Science Funders and University Managers
<p>Raw data from a real-time Delphi exercise used to write the policy brief: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8030029">Supporting Open Science Hardware in Academia: Policy Recommendations for Science Funders and University Managers</a></p> <p>Access to the Real-Time Delphi platform was kindly provided by <a href="https://4strat.de">4strat</a>. See tab "meta - start here" for description of the dataset.</p>
Supplemental data for: Current ethics policies in 36 preprint servers
<p>Preprints, which are non–peer-reviewed articles, offer a rapid dissemination of information, and have gained traction in academic publishing, often serving as the publishing precursors of peer-reviewed journals. Given that many peer-reviewed journals, with often strict ethics policies, allow the prior publication of papers as preprints, we were interested in appreciating the ethics policies in place in preprint servers. We selected 36 preprint servers from the ASAPbio list to base our assessment. We found that that only 8% of analyzed preprint servers contained a dedicated section on the server's ethics policy. As documents that purportedly transmit scientific information, including data-based evidence, we believe that there is a need to fortify the stringency of ethics policies in preprint servers, even standardize them across ASAPbio-listed preprint servers.</p>
Data to Deliverable 3.2 - Policy design for the transition to circular economy: Barriers and drivers in place
<p>Data to assessment of the policy and planning contexts in Almendralejo (Spain), Lecce (Italy), Omis (Croatia) and Eilat (Israel)</p>
Policy Review Data and Outcomes on Local Flexibility Markets Operation
<p>This is a collaborative work with several researcher involved from the PARITY project.</p> <p>We conducted research on the different PARITY offerings, attempting to bring evidence-based recommendations arising from the whole PARITY project process. The conducted survey and workshop helped us to deliver the PARITY policy review data that could enable relevant stakeholders (including the EC and national regulatory authorities) to understand the complications and the actions needed to facilitate a wide, sustainable, fair and future proof uptake of local flexibility markets in Europe</p>
DEMIG-QuantMig Migration Policy Database
<p>The DEMIG-QuantMig Migration Policy Database tracks more than 7'600 migration policy changes enacted by 31 European (EU and non-EU) countries for the period 1990 to 2020. This database extendeds and updates the DEMIG POLICY database (https://www.migrationinstitute.org/data/demig-data/demig-policy) and follows the same methodology. The policy measures are coded according to the policy area and migrant group targeted, as well as the change in restrictiveness they introduce in the existing legal system. The database allows for both quantitative and qualitative research on the long-term evolution and effectiveness of migration policies.</p>
Assessing and managing environmental hazards of polymers: historical development, science advances and policy options
<p>Supporting information (open data) from Assessing and managing environmental hazards of polymers: historical development, science advances and policy options</p>
Replication package of: 'Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies'
<p>Replication package for: Schildberg-Hörisch, H., Schwarz, M., Trieu, C., and Willrodt, J. (2023). “Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies”, Economic Journal, conditionally accepted.</p>
Air Quality-Related Equity Implications of U.S. Decarbonization Policy
<p>This repo includes supporting material for the publication:</p> <p>Paul Picciano, Minghao Qiu, Sebastian Eastham, Mei Yuan, John Reilly, Noelle E. Selin. Air Quality-Related Equity Implications of U.S. Decarbonization Policy. <em>Nature Communications (2023).</em></p> <p>Please download and unzip the file <strong>"climate_policy_pollution_equity.zip"</strong>. Please see README below for a full description of the scripts and data included in this repo. </p> <p>For correspondence on the publication, please contact Noelle Selin selin@mit.edu.</p> <p>If you have questions about this data repo, please contact Minghao Qiu mhqiu@stanford.edu or Paul Picciano pauldpicciano@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>README</strong></p> <p>The materials in this repository allow users to reproduce the main results and figures of the paper. The analysis is performed using R (version 4.3.0). </p> <p><strong>-- Scripts:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><em>initial_setup.R</em>: </strong> Used to load R packages, set up file paths, variable names, and the functions used in other scripts. Please load this script first before running other scripts.</li> <li><strong><em>Figure1 - 5.R</em>: </strong> Used to generate figures 1 - 5 in the main paper. </li> <li><strong><em>optimization_scenarios.R: </em></strong><em>Used to generate the optimization scenarios and 5000 possible emission reduction scenarios that achieve the same level of CO2 reductions. The results generated by this script are then used to generate Figure 5.</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>-- Data:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><em>emission_aggregate_scenarios.csv</em>: </strong> Nationally-aggregated emissions of CO2 and non-CO2 species by different sectors under the three main emission scenarios (scenarios number 1 - 3 as labeled in the paper). The unit of CO2 emissions is billion metric tons. Units of non-CO2 emissions are million metric tons. Used to plot Figure 1.</li> <li><strong><em>InMAP_pm25_conc_scenarios.rds</em>: </strong> PM2.5 concentration for each InMAP grid cell due to emissions from each sector (and combined sectors) under different emission scenarios. InMAP simulates annual mean PM2.5 concentration (unit: μg/m3). Used to plot Figure 2.</li> <li><em><strong>US_shapefiles.RData</strong></em>: Shape files of US states. Used to plot Figure 2.</li> <li><em><strong>exposure_main_scenarios.csv: </strong></em>Population-weighted PM2.5 for each population group xxx under different scenarios (i.e. AvgExposure_xxx, units of exposure: μg/m3); disparities in population-weighted PM2.5 between each population group xxx and the total population (i.e. AvgDisparity_xxx, units of disparity: %). Used to plot Figures 3 and 4. Rows 2-4 correspond to the main scenarios (scenario numbers 1 - 3). Rows 5 - 16 correspond to the sensitivity scenarios (scenario number 4 as labeled in the paper).</li> <li><strong><em>source_emission_baseline_2030.rds: </em></strong>Emissions from each individual source as projected by the baseline 2030 scenario (scenario number 2). Used as input data for the optimization analysis.</li> <li><strong><em>source_emission_cap50_2030.rds: </em></strong>Emissions from each individual source as projected by the cap50% scenario (scenario number 3). Used as input data for the optimization analysis.</li> <li><strong><em>minority_exposure_by_sector.rds: </em></strong>Changes in population-weighted PM2.5 exposure and disparities for the racial/ethnic minority group between the cap50% scenario and baseline 2030 scenario. Used to plot Figure 5.</li> <li><em><strong>optimization_scenarios.rds: </strong></em>Population-weighted PM2.5 exposure and disparities for the racial/ethnic minority group under different optimization scenarios (scenarios number 5 -10). This file is generated by <strong><em>optimization_scenarios.R</em></strong> and further used to plot Figure 5.</li> <li><em><strong>cap50_nation_total_5000draws.rds: </strong></em>Population-weighted PM2.5 exposure and disparities for the racial/ethnic minority group under 5000 possible scenarios that achieve the same level of CO2 reductions without any constraints (i.e. the same as the "nation-total" scenario). This file is generated by <strong><em>optimization_scenarios.R</em></strong> and further used to plot Figure 5.</li> </ul> <ul> </ul> <p> </p>
Archive of ASAPbio's list of preprint servers: policies and practices across platforms
<p>These are the raw data behind ASAPbio's list of of preprint servers, found at https://asapbio.org/preprint-servers</p> <p>An earlier version of this dataset was reported in https://zenodo.org/record/3700874#.ZD2SC3bMIQ8</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
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OpenNeuro
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