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FIGURE 6 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 6. SEM image of Rhacophorus penanorum (ZMH A10169). A, Overview of oral disc in ventral view; anterior keratodont rows (A1–4) and posterior keratodont rows (P1-6) visible, note that seventh keratodont row on lower lip (P7) is present only as a small medial stretch of keratodonts and not visible from this perspective; LTRF 4(4)/7. B, Close up of the jaw sheaths; orientation as in A; showing details of conspicuously blunt serration on both upper (above) and lower jaws (below). C, Keratodonts of P3–P6 in lateral part of oral disc have possess serration of free margin, however, clefts are shallow. D, On keratodonts of P1–P3 serration is present only on newly formed keratodonts (right), whereas older ones seem to lack serration possibly due to wear.

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A10168, 394Z). Note the black spots and oranges margins of tail fins. B, Same individual in dorsal view, showing colouration features such as the golden iridocyte field between eyes. C, Same specimen, ventral view. The cup-like oral sucker is attached to the glass of the aquarium. The ventral colouration pattern (opaque silvery abdominal pigmentation, medial vena abdominalis/streak visible, bright red gills visible through skin and partly covered by silvery iridocytes) has also been found in other Bornean rheophilous tadpoles within the genus and is not unique to R. penanorum (UNIMAS 8954). D, R. penanorum adult male, day colouration. E. R. penanorum adult male, noctural colour morph.

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A13093). B, Same individual in dorsal view. C, Same individual in ventral view. Note the virtually unpigmented, translucent skin of the tadpole, except for a small patch of iridocytes overlaying anterior parts of gut coils. D, Adult female R. dulitensis (ZRC [IMG] 1.39) from Gunung Mulu National Park Headquaters.

FIGURE 5 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 5. SEM images of Rhacophorus dulitensis (ZMH A13094; A, C, D: 481–3902; B: 481–3802) in ventral views. A, Overview of oral disc in ventral view; the anterior lip is free of papillae, except for the lateral parts. Note the presence of a 6th tooth row on only one side of the oral disc. B, Close up of the right (of body) lateral mouth angle showing the serrated jaw sheath of the upper jaw (right in image); C, Keratodonts of row A2. D, Keratodonts of row P3.

FIGURE 4 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 4. Minimum evolution tree of Bornean members of the genus Rhacophorus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) based on the total alignment comprising 827 bp of 16S rDNA sequences. See text for details on methodology. Scale bar, bp changes per branch length.

FIGURE 7 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 7. SEM image of Rhacophorus rufipes (ZMH A10167) in ventral view, A–C taken with the same orientation of the specimen. A, Overview of oral disc in ventral view; the anterior lip is free of papillae, except for the lateral parts. B, Close up of the jaw sheaths; orientation as in A; showing details of sharp serration on both upper (above) and lower jaws (below). C, Keratodonts of P1. D, Keratodonts of A1.

FIGURE 3. Rhacophorus rufipes. A, Stage 31 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 3. Rhacophorus rufipes. A, Stage 31 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A10167). B, Same individual in dorsal view. C, Same individual in ventral view. Note the virtually unpigmented, translucent skin (small patch of iridocytes overlaying anterior parts of gut coils). D, Adult male R. rufipes (UNIMAS MOS0028), same locality from where tadpoles were collected.

FIGURE 1 in Larval morphology of two species of the genus Theloderma (Tschudi, 1838) from Vietnam (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae)

FIGURE 1. Tadpoles in life in the Amphibian Breeding Station (Hanoi, Vietnam). A) Theloderma bicolor (2009) and B) Theloderma corticale (2010). Photos: Thomas Ziegler.

FIGURE 3 in Larval morphology of two species of the genus Theloderma (Tschudi, 1838) from Vietnam (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae)

FIGURE 3. Drawings of the preserved tadpole of Theloderma corticale (stage 32) from the Amphibian Breeding Station (Hanoi, Vietnam). A) dorsal view (scale bar 10 mm), B) lateral view (part of lower tail fin including musculature cut for tissue sample; scale bar 10 mm) and C) oral disc (scale bar 1mm). Drawings: A. Gawor.

FIGURE 2 in Larval morphology of two species of the genus Theloderma (Tschudi, 1838) from Vietnam (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae)

FIGURE 2. Drawings of the preserved tadpole of Theloderma bicolor (stage 25) from the Amphibian Breeding Station (Hanoi, Vietnam). A) dorsal view (scale bar 10 mm), B) lateral view (scale bar 10 mm) and C) oral disc (scale bar 1mm). Drawings: S. Chapuis.

FIGURE 6. A–D in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 6. A–D. Distribution maps of the four Rhacophorus species in the Western Ghats. A. R. calcadensis; B. R. lateralis; C. R. malabaricus; and D. R. pseudomalabaricus. Positioning of symbols is approximate; see Table 1 for coordinates.

FIGURE 8. A–G in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 8. A–G. Holotype of Rhacophorus malabaricus (NHM 72.4.17.106), from "Malabar": A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. lateral view of head; D. ventral view of hand; E. schematic illustration of webbing on hand; F. ventral view of foot; G. schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

FIGURE 9. A–G in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 9. A–G. Holotype of Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus (BNHS 3095), from Andiparai Shola: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. lateral view of head; D. ventral view of hand; E. schematic illustration of webbing on hand; F. ventral view of foot; G. schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

FIGURE 7. A–G in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 7. A–G. Holotype of Rhacophorus lateralis NHM 1947.7.2.8.38 (ex BMNH 1882.2.10.75), from "Malabar": A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. lateral view of head; D. ventral view of hand; E. schematic illustration of webbing on hand; F. ventral view of foot; G. schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 5. Ordination plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for morphometric variables studied in four populations of Rhacophorus calcadensis. Percent variance explained by each PC axis is given in parentheses.

FIGURE 4. A–F in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 4. A–F. Holotype of Rhacophorus calcadensis, NHM 1947.2.8.43 (ex BMNH 82.2.10.24), from "Calcad" (Kalakkad): A. dorsal view; B. lateral view of head; C. ventral view of hand; D. schematic illustration of webbing on hand; E. ventral view of foot; F. schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

FIGURE 1. A–G in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 1. A–G. Leaf nest types and multimale mating in the Western Ghats Rhacophorus. A–C. Leaf nest types. A. Type 1: Single leaf rolling—Rhacophorus lateralis; B–C. Type 2: Multiple leaves nest—R. calcadensis, R. malabaricus, R. pseudomalabaricus; D–G. Multimale mating. D–E. R. lateralis on vegetation. F. R. malabaricus on vegetation. G. R. malabaricus on ground.

FIGURE 3. A–H in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 3. A–H. Rhacophorus of the Western Ghats. A–B. R. calcadensis; C–E. R. lateralis; F–G. R. malabaricus; H. R. pseudomalabaricus.

FIGURE 2. A–D in Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour

FIGURE 2. A–D. Photographs showing colour and marking of juveniles and adults in the Western Ghats Rhacophorus. A. R. calcadensis; B. R. lateralis; C. R. malabaricus; D. R. pseudomalabaricus.