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335 results for “Theoretical”
They saw it, onu, 它, coming: An information theoretic study of cross-linguistic variation in personal pronouns (Appendix A)
<p>The pronominal systems: data from grammars</p>
Supplemental material from: Can transcranial direct current stimulation enhance post-stroke motor recovery? Development of a theoretical patient-tailored model
<p>New treatments that can facilitate neural repair and reduce persistent impairments have significant value in promoting recovery following stroke. One technique that has gained interest is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as early research suggested it could enhance plasticity and enable greater behavioral recovery. However, several studies have now identified substantial inter-subject variability in response to tDCS and clinical trials revealed insufficient evidence of treatment effectiveness. A possible explanation for the varied and negative findings is that the physiological model of stroke recovery that researchers have used to guide the application of tDCS based treatments in stroke is overly simplistic and does not account for stroke heterogeneity or known determinants that affect the tDCS response. <a name="_Hlk62139152">Here, we propose that tDCS could have a more clearly beneficial role in enhancing stroke recovery</a> if greater consideration is given to individualizing treatment. By critically reviewing the proposed mechanisms of tDCS, stroke physiology across the recovery continuum, and known determinants of tDCS response, we propose a new, theoretical, patient-tailored approach to delivering tDCS after stroke. The proposed model includes a step-by-step principled selection strategy for identifying optimal neuromodulation targets and outlines key areas for further investigation. Tailoring tDCS treatment to individual neuroanatomy and physiology is likely our best chance at producing robust and meaningful clinical benefit for people with stroke and would, therefore, accelerate opportunities for clinical translation.</p>
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GENDER LINGUISTICS RESEARCH
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SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF COMPETITIVENESS MANAGEMENT IN TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY
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THEORETICAL REVIEW OF ETHNOPSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
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BEHAVIOR - THEORETICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITY MOTIVATION.
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Molecular isotopologies of configurationally locked polyenes - mass spectrometric data and theoretical computations (supporting information)
<p>The dataset contains:</p> <p><br>1. CLPs_exp_screenshots.pdf - screenshots of experimental chromatographic and mass spectrometric data (*.raw format.)<br>2. Experimental mass spectrometric files in mzXML format as follows:</p> <p>- CLP-57.mzXML - Chromatographic and HESI-MS data on 5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl)-vinyl]-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.<br>- CLP-57-apci.mzXML - Chromatographic and APCI-MS data on 5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl)-vinyl]-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.<br>- CLP-58.mzXML - Chromatographic and HESI-MS data on 5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-vinyl]-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.<br>- CLP-58-apci.mzXML - Chromatographic and APCI-MS data on 5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-vinyl]-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.<br>- CLP-61.mzXML - Chromatographic and HESI-MS data on 3-[2-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.<br>- CLP-61-apci.mzXML - Chromatographic and APCI-MS data on 3-[2-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone intermediate among other chemicals of the reaction mixture.</p> <p>3. Theoretical quantum chemical static and molecular dynamics input and output files of mass spectrometric parent and product ions, using atom-centered density matrix propagation method and thermostat. <br> </p>
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LEXICOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATIONS OF CONCEPTS
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Experimental and theoretical data generated to study mechanism of water intrusion into flexible ZIF-8
<p><span>Open access to experimental data generated by the project </span><a href="https://www.electro-intrusion.eu/en"><span>Electro-Intrusion</span></a><span> (101017858, Horizon 2020, European Union) along with the research on the thermal behaviour of hydrophobic porous materials to be used in intrusion-extrusion applications. Research pertaining to Task 2.1 (WP2).</span></p> <p><span>Underlying data for the publication Amayuelas, E. et al. Mechanism of Water Intrusion into Flexible ZIF-8: Liquid Is Not Vapor. Nanoletters 2023, 23, 5430-5436. <a title="DOI URL" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00235">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00235</a>. Data related to Figures 1 and 2 in the article.</span></p>
Data from: A game-theoretical model of kleptoparasitic behaviour in an urban gull (Laridae) population.
Kleptoparasitism (food stealing) is a significant behaviour for animals that forage in social groups as it permits some individuals to obtain resources whilst avoiding the costs of searching for their own food. Evolutionary game theory has been used to model kleptoparasitism, with a series of differential equation based compartmental models providing significant theoretical insights into behaviour in kleptoparasitic populations. In this paper we apply this compartmental modelling approach to kleptoparasitic behaviour in a real foraging population of urban gulls (Laridae). Field data was collected on kleptoparasitism and a model developed that incorporated the same kleptoparasitic and defensive strategies available to the study population. Two analyses were conducted: 1. An assessment of whether the density of each behaviour in the population was at an equilibrium. 2. An investigation of whether individual foragers were using Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) in the correct environmental conditions. The results showed the density of different behaviours in the population could be at an equilibrium at plausible values for handling time and fight duration. Individual foragers used aggressive kleptoparasitic strategies effectively in the correct environmental conditions but some individuals in those same conditions failed to defend food items. This was attributed to the population being composed of three species that differed in competitive ability. These competitive differences influenced the strategies that individuals were able to use. Rather than gulls making poor behavioural decisions these results suggest a more complex three-species model is required to describe the behaviour of this population.
Data from: A theoretical approach to the size-complexity rule
The so-called size-complexity rule claims the existence of a positive correlation between organism size and number of cell types. In this spirit, here we address the relationship between organism size and number of potential tasks that can be performed. The modeling relies on the assumption that the states of the cells within the aggregates are such that the maximum fitness is realized, but also relies on the existence of tradeoffs among the distinct functions. For group sizes larger than the number of potential tasks, fitness maximization is attained when all cells in group specialize in a given task. Under this scenario, the number of potential tasks equals the number of cell types. We have found that the morphology and the topology of aggregates, as well as the developmental mode, strongly influence the dynamics of body formation. Particularly, it has been observed that more compact structures, such as sphere-like structures, are more likely to follow the claim of the size-complexity rule, whereas more fragile structures such as linear chains, which are more vulnerable to drastic changes due to division mechanisms, can, in a broad scenario, violate the size-complexity rule.
Data from: Conventional analysis of trial-by-trial adaptation is biased: empirical and theoretical support using a Bayesian estimator
Research on human motor adaptation has often focused on how people adapt to self-generated or externally-influenced errors. Trial-by-trial adaptation is a person's response to self-generated errors. Externally-influenced errors applied as catch-trial perturbations are used to calculate a person's perturbation adaptation rate. Although these adaptation rates are sometimes compared to one another, we show through simulation and empirical data that the two metrics are distinct. We demonstrate that the trial-by-trial adaptation rate, often calculated as a coefficient in a linear regression, is biased under typical conditions. We tested 12 able-bodied subjects moving a cursor on a screen using a computer mouse. Statistically different adaptation rates arise when sub-sets of trials from different phases of learning are analyzed from within a sequence of movement results. We propose a new approach to identify when a person's learning has stabilized in order to identify steady-state movement trials from which to calculate a more reliable trial-by-trial adaptation rate. Using a Bayesian model of human movement, we show that this analysis approach is more consistent and provides a more confident estimate than alternative approaches. Constraining analyses to steady-state conditions will allow researchers to better decouple the multiple concurrent learning processes that occur while a person makes goal-directed movements. Streamlining this analysis may help broaden the impact of motor adaptation studies, perhaps even enhancing their clinical usefulness.
Data from: The impact of seasonality on niche breadth, distribution range and species richness: a theoretical exploration of Janzen's hypothesis
Being invoked as one of the candidate mechanisms for the latitudinal patterns in biodiversity, Janzen's hypothesis states that the limited seasonal temperature variation in the tropics generates greater temperature stratification across elevations, which makes tropical species adapted to narrower ranges of temperatures and have lower effective dispersal across elevations than species in temperate regions. Numerous empirical studies have documented latitudinal patterns in species elevational ranges and thermal niche breadths that are consistent with the hypothesis, but the theoretical underpinnings remain unclear. This study presents the first mathematical model to examine the evolutionary processes that could back up Janzen's hypothesis and assess the effectiveness of limited seasonal temperature variation to promote speciation along elevation in the tropics. Results suggest that trade-offs in thermal tolerances provide a mechanism for Janzen's hypothesis. Limited seasonal temperature variation promotes gradient speciation not due to the reduction in gene flow that is associated with narrow thermal niche, but due to the pleiotropic effects of more stable divergent selection of thermal tolerance on the evolution of reproductive incompatibility. The proposed modelling approach also provides a potential way to test a speciation model against genetic data.
Data from: Information-theoretic analysis of realistic odor plumes: what cues are useful for determining location?
Many species rely on olfaction to navigate towards food sources or mates. Olfactory navigation is a challenging task since odor environments are typically turbulent. While time-averaged odor concentration varies smoothly with the distance to the source, instaneous concentrations are intermittent and obtaining stable averages takes longer than the typical intervals between animals' navigation decisions. How to effectively sample from the odor distribution to determine sampling location is the focus on this article. To investigate which sampling strategies are most informative about the location of an odor source, we recorded three naturalistic stimuli with planar lased-induced fluorescence and used an information-theoretic approach to quantify the information that different sampling strategies provide about sampling location. Specifically, we compared multiple sampling strategies based on a fixed number of coding bits for encoding the olfactory stimulus. When the coding bits were all allocated to representing odor concentration at a single sensor, information rapidly saturated. Using the same number of coding bits in two sensors provides more information, as does coding multiple samples at different times. When accumulating multiple samples at a fixed location, the temporal sequence does not yield a large amount of information and can be averaged with minimal loss. Furthermore, we show that histogram-equalization is not the most efficient way to use coding bits when using the olfactory sample to determine location.
Theoretical foundation about the relationship between three definitions of effective density and aerosol size
<p>data for figures 1-4</p>
"A theoretical model of Surtseyan bomb fragmentation" code and data
<p>This is Matlab code and permeability and porosity data to accompany the manuscript "A theoretical model of Surtseyan bomb fragmentation", which is accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series A, and for which a preprint will be deposited in arXiv.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Fahrer S, Heck T, Röwert R, Truan N (2022) From Theoretical Debates to Lived Experiences: Autoethnographic Insights into Open Educational Practices in German Higher Education. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e86663. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e86663
Stories on Open Educational Practices in German Higher Education
Nonresonant scattering of energetic electrons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: spacecraft observations and theoretical framework
<p>This repository contains the simulation dataset, plotting scripts, and optimization package for the manuscript ``Nonresonant scattering of energetic electrons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: spacecraft observations and theoretical framework''.</p> <p>*.h5 are snapshots of EMIC wave field (By and Bz) from deltaf-PIC simulations.</p> <p>test_particle.zip contains the test particle data in the wave field of deltaf-PIC simulations.</p> <p>*.py are plotting scripts to visualize the wave field, test particle simulation results, and theoretical predictions.</p> <p>optimization.zip contains the main subroutines for optimization of wave power spectrum to produce the measured electron precipitation.</p> <p>plt_style.txt is an auxillary style file for matplotlib plot.</p> <p> </p>
Genomically predicted theoretical protein mass database for mass spectrometry (GPMsDB) R01-RS95
<p>GPMsDB-tk/GPMsDB-dbtk are software toolkits for assigning taxonomic identification to user-provided MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiles obtained from bacterial and archaeal cultured isolates. This is a database (release R01-RS95) used for the toolkits. This database is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p>GPMsDB-tk/GPMsDB-dbtk are available at <a href="https://github.com/ysekig">https://github.com/ysekig</a>. Details are shown at the GitHub sites.</p>
Fig. 1 in The hydroperoxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in physiological environments: Theoretical insights into mechanisms and kinetics
Fig. 1. Structures of the 12 anthocyanidins studied in this work.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.