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765 results for “alps”
Genomic data, part 2, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past.<strong> </strong>Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
LaMEM source code and input files corresponding to Present‐day upper‐mantle architecture of the Alps: Insights from data‐driven dynamic modelling
<p>This repository contains LaMEM source code and input files for the models presented in Kumar, A., Cacace, M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Götze, H.-J., & Kaus, B. J. P. (2022). Present-day upper-mantle architecture of the Alps: Insights from data-driven dynamic modeling. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL099476. https://doi. org/10.1029/2022GL099476</p>
Kotalm Bavarian Alps
Model created from UAV imagery. Decimated to 500k triangles for size. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sentinel-1 snow depth assimilation to improve river discharge estimates in the western European Alps
<p>This data set contains model output presented in the following paper: I. Brangers, H. Lievens, A. Getirana, and G. J. M. De Lannoy. (2024). Sentinel-1 snow depth assimilation to improve river discharge estimates in the western European Alps. Water Resources Research. Under review.</p> <div>The model simulations were carried out in NASA's Land Information System (LIS), using the NoahMP v3.6 land surface model, forced with ERA5. The land surface model was coupled to the HyMAP routing algorithm to produce streamflow estimates. The data contains model results for the western European Alps for the period of 2015-2021 for two seperate cases. 1) The OL run: model run without assimilation of external observations; and 2) DA run: model run with the assimilation of Sentinel-1 snow depth observations.</div> <div> </div> <div>The zip-folders contain netcdf files for each day of the simulation period, for 1) the river discharge (_ROUTING), </div> <div>2) land surface model variables such as snow depth and SWE (_SURFACEMODEL_yyyy) grouped per year, and 3) variables related to the data assimilation such as the spread and innovations (_EnKF).</div>
Fig. 2 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 2 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 1 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 1 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 3 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 3 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 5 in A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Fig. 5 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 4 in Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic radiolarians from Mount Rettenstein in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Fig. 4. Stratigraphy and lithology of the Mount Rettenstein succession sensu stricto.
Fig. 4. Metastrongylus spp. eggs from a in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies
Fig. 4. Metastrongylus spp. eggs from a wild boar faecal sample.
Code and Data for "A machine learning approach for estimating snow depth across the European Alps from Sentinel-1 imagery"
<p>Here we share the data and code for “A machine learning approach for estimating snow depth across the European Alps from Sentinel-1 imagery”</p> <p>Corresponding author: Devon Dunmire devon.dunmire@kuleuven.be</p> <p>‘model_training’ - contains script to train the ML model, and training data sets from (1) in-situ snow measurement sites (training_data.p) and (2) photogrammetry snow depth maps (map_training_data.p)</p> <p>‘Cross_val_predictions’ contains model predictions for our cross-validation of all the in-situ snow measurement sites</p> <p>‘run_model’ contains the trained model (final_model_xg.pkl) and scripts to retrieve snow depth with our ML model.</p> <p>‘SD_*’ zip folders contains daily ML snow depth output over the European Alps for each snow year from Sept. 1 2015 - Apr. 30 2023. Data from multiple orbits is averaged.</p> <p>Naming convention: ‘S1_ml_SD_{yyyymmdd}_.nc’</p>
FIG. 1 in Habitat preferences of Papilio alexanor Esper, [1800]: implications for habitat management in the Italian Maritime Alps
FIG. 1. — Papilio alexanor Esper,[1800].Photograph:Davide Piccoli.
Abundance and beta-diversity of bumble bees, wildflowers, and their interactions in the Berchtesgadener Alps
<p>The structuring of biological communities along mountain slopes is complex, and elevational range shifts in response to climate change involve more than merely tracking suitable temperature envelopes. When species move, they do so in the context of biological communities, and the outcomes of these movements depend on how and to what extent biotic interactions are reordered. Bumble bees (Hymentopera: *Bombus* spp.) are cold-adapted species associated with mountain habitats, and they are already exhibiting upslope range shifts that are expected to result in habitat loss, novel competitive interactions, and the rewiring of pollination networks. Predicting and interpreting these shifts, however, requires an understanding of the current elevational patterns of bumble bees and their floral mutualists that are being acted upon by climate change. We recorded bumble- bee-flower interactions over three years along an 1400 m elevational gradient in the German Alps. Using nonlinear modeling, we analyze the elevational patterns at the nested levels of species abundance, species β-diversity, and interaction β-diversity. We demonstrate that the tree line ecotone is (1) a distributional interface between low/mid- and high-elevation bumble bee species, (2) a threshold above which floral resource availability sharply decreases, and (3) a zone of accelerated turnover of floral composition and bumble- bee-flower interactions. The implications of these findings extend beyond the particular case of bumble bees to demonstrate that linear elevational temperature gradients are ecologically punctuated, and the outcomes of climate-induced range shifts will depend on dynamics at the tree line ecotone.</p>
Woerthersee sediment core data for the publication "Validation of seismic hazard curves using a calibrated 14 ka lacustrine record in the Eastern Alps, Austria"
<p>This dataset comprises sediment core data of Wörthersee, a lake in the Eastern European Alps, Austria. Together with a dataset comprising the seismic data (10.5281/zenodo.6479186), this is the basis for the publication Daxer et al. "Validation of seismic hazard curves using a calibrated 14 ka lacustrine record in the Eastern Alps, Austria".</p> <p>The files contain the following data:</p> <ul> <li>Core images Long Cores.zip: Core images of the Wörthersee Kullenberg-type long cores acquired with an ITRAX core scanner</li> <li>Core images Short Cores.zip: Core images of the Wörthersee gravity short cores (hammer-coring or trigger cores of the Kullenberg system) acquired with an ITRAX core scanner; provided as .tif files</li> <li>CT data WOER18-L5-X-Dicom.zip: X-ray computed tomography data acquired with a Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS (voxel size 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.3 mm); provided in DICOM format</li> <li>MSCL data.zip: Data acquired with a Geotek Multi-sensor core logger (e.g. magnetic susceptibility and gamma density); provided as Excel spreadsheets</li> <li>XRF data.zip: X-ray fluorescence data acquired with a ITRAX core scanner; provided in .csv format</li> </ul>
Data for: The central Alps comprise a major dispersal barrier between western and eastern populations of two butterfly species
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Environmental and species-specific factors shape spatial patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. Comparing different species within the same area helps to disentangle more general from species-specific factors affecting such geographic patterns. Here, we examined genetic diversity and population structuring through geographic features in two alpine butterfly species.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> European Alps.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Copper butterflies (<em>Lycaena</em> spp.).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We sampled 21 <em>Lycaena hippothoe</em> and 14 <em>L. virgaureae</em> populations with 18 individuals per population. We analysed the genetic diversity and structure<a> </a>of these populations by using 14 and nine microsatellite markers for <em>L. hippothoe</em> and <em>L. virgaureae</em> , respectively.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found higher number of alleles, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, F<sub>ST</sub> values and more genetic clusters in <em>L. hippothoe</em> than in <em>L. virgaureae</em>. Both species displayed a major genetic barrier in the central Alps. Western and eastern <em>L. hippothoe</em> populations but central <em>L. virgaureae</em> populations showed the highest genetic diversity.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> The population genetic structures of both Copper butterflies seemed to be strongly affected by population history and demography. Patterns indicate for both species a western and an eastern glacial refuge. The high genetic diversity and pronounced population structure found in <em>L. hippothoe</em> seems to be related to a low dispersal ability and closed populations with high local abundances as opposed to <em>L. virgaureae</em>. The higher dispersal of the latter likely caused hybridisation in the central alpine contact zone boosting genetic diversity, which was not the case in <em>L. hippothoe</em>. These findings suggest that different conservation strategies are needed for these closely related species.</p>
Supplementary materials for Detrital garnet geochronology by in-situ U-Pb and Lu-Hf analysis: A case study from the European Alps
<p>Figure S2. Interactive 3D version of Fig.2 from main text, using the same symbology. To open, unzip folder and launch the .xhtml file in any internet browser. Use scroll wheel to zoom, left-click and drag to rotate.</p> <p><br> Table S1. Analytical parameters for garnet U-Pb and Lu-Hf analysis.</p> <p><br> Table S2. Isotopic and trace-element data.</p> <p><br> Table S3. Raman data.</p>
Data for Simulating the seeder-feeder impacts on cloud ice and precipitation over the Alps
<p>The ice phase impacts many important cloud properties and the lifetime of the clouds. Ice particles that sediment into a lower cloud from an upper cloud (external seeder-feeder process) or into the mixed-phase region of a deep cloud from cirrus levels (internal seeder-feeder) can amplify cloud glaciation and enhance surface precipitation. Recently, numerical weather prediction modeling studies have aimed at representing the ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds more accurately by including secondary ice formation processes. The increase in the ice crystal number concentration can impact the number of ice particles that sediment into the lower cloud and alter its composition and precipitation formation. <br> In the Swiss Alps, the orography permits the formation of orographic clouds, making it ideal for studying the occurrence of multi-layered clouds and the seeder-feeder process. We present results from a case study on May 18, 2016, showing the occurrence frequency of multi-layered clouds and the seeder-feeder process. We included ice-graupel breakup to enhance the ice crystal number concentration and investigate the precipitation formation processes.<br> 47.6\% of all observed clouds were categorized as multi-layered, in which the external seeder-feeder process occurred in 10.3\% of these clouds which is similar to what was found in several studies. In between cloud layers, 58.4\% of the ice particle mass was lost due to sublimation or melting. The external seeder-feeder process was found to be more important, with regard to the impact on precipitation, than the internal seeder-feeder process in this case study. In the case where the external seeder-feeder process was blocked, the average surface precipitation and riming rate over the domain were both reduced by 8.5\% and 3.9\%, respectively. When ice-graupel collisions were allowed, further large reductions were seen in the liquid water fraction and riming rate. Blocking of the internal seeder-feeder process enhanced the liquid water fraction of 6\% compared to a reduction of 5.8\% in the cloud condensate and, therefore, pointing towards the deamplification in cloud glaciation and a reduction in surface precipitation.</p>
Fig. 8 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 8 – Linear regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the soil pH.
Fig. 1 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 1 – Sampling plan: distribution of pitfall traps at the Lazaunkar site.
Contrasting impacts of climate change on protection forests of the Italian Alps: Supporting Data
<p><strong>Input files</strong> for the ForClim model (version 4.0.1) used in the associated paper. They can be used to to reproduce results of the simulation study.</p> <p>The ForClim model, including the source code, executable and documentation, is freely available under an Open Access license from the website of the original developers at <a href="https://ites-fe.ethz.ch/openaccess/">https://ites-fe.ethz.ch/openaccess/</a>. The original climatic dataset used to generate the ForClim input climate files at each site in South Tyrol is freely available at <a href="https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.924502">https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.924502</a> while the CHELSA climate data for future scenarios are available at <a href="https://www.chelsa-climate.org">https://www.chelsa-climate.org</a>.</p> <p>If interested in using this dataset for a research study or a project, please contact <a href="https://www.marco-mina.com">Marco Mina</a></p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Hillebrand L, Marzini S, Crespi A, Hiltner U & Mina M (2023) <strong>Contrasting impacts of climate change on protection forests of the Italian Alps</strong>. <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em>, 6, 2023 <em> </em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16197">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1240235">10.3389/ffgc.2023.1240235</a></p> <p>ABSTRACT.</p> <p>Protection forests play a key role in protecting settlements, people, and infrastructures from gravitational hazards such as rockfalls and avalanches in mountain areas. Rapid climate change is challenging the role of protection forests by altering their dynamics, structure, and composition. Information on local- and regional-scale impacts of climate change on protection forests is critical for planning adaptations in forest management. We used a model of forest dynamics (ForClim) to assess the succession of mountain forests in the Eastern Alps and their protective effects under future climate change scenarios. We investigated eleven representative forest sites along an elevational gradient across multiple locations within an administrative region, covering wide differences in tree species structure, composition, altitude, and exposition. We evaluated protective performance against rockfall and avalanches using numerical indices (i.e., linker functions) quantifying the degree of protection from metrics of simulated forest structure and composition. Our findings reveal that climate warming has a contrasting impact on protective effects in mountain forests of the Eastern Alps. Climate change is likely to not affect negatively all protection forest stands but its impact depends on site and stand conditions. Impacts were highly contingent to the magnitude of climate warming, with increasing criticality under the most severe climate projections. Forests in lower-montane elevations and those located in dry continental valleys showed drastic changes in forest structure and composition due to drought-induced mortality while subalpine forests mostly profited from rising temperatures and a longer vegetation period. Overall, avalanche protection will likely be negatively affected by climate change, while the ability of forests to maintain rockfall protection depends on the severity of expected climate change and their vulnerability due to elevation and topography, with most subalpine forests less prone to loosing protective effects. Proactive measures in management should be taken in the near future to avoid losses of protective effects in the case of severe climate change in the Alps. Given the heterogeneous impact of climate warming, such adaptations can be aided by model-based projections and high local resolution studies to identify forest stand types that might require management priority for maintaining protective effects in the future.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.