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FIGURE 11 in Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae) based on a population previously known as Porphyra columbina from the central coast of Chile
FIGURE 11. Habit of foliose gametophytes of Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. collected from Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile. Scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURES 1–2 in Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae) based on a population previously known as Porphyra columbina from the central coast of Chile
FIGURES 1–2. Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. 1. Habit of the foliose gametophyte from the upper intertidal zone from Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile. 2. Holotype specimen of Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. SGO162483, collected from the upper intertidal zone of Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile.
FIGURE 10 in Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae) based on a population previously known as Porphyra columbina from the central coast of Chile
FIGURE 10. Maximum Likelihood (ML) rooted tree for COI sequences (604 bp) of Pyropia. Porphyra mumfordii, Porphyra purpurea and Porphyra umbilicalis, were used as outgroups. For each node, ML bootstrap values and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities are indicated (ML/BPP). Only high support values (>60) are shown; '-' = clade not observed in the Bayesian Inference. Next to collapsed branches are abbreviated species or sequences names, GENBANK accession numbers have been omitted for brevity but are listed in Table 2.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 6. Distal gonopod spines of different Artemia populations. (A, B) Gonopods of URM to show the position of spines on distal gonopod (in A, the thickness of finger-like tip is inflated because the specimen is molting and the old skeleton has not been stripped from the finger-like tip). (C, D) Exolateral spines of URM. (E) Posterior spines of URM. (F) Gonopod of SAL to show the position of spines on distal gonopod. (G) Posterior spines of SAL. (H) Exolateral spines of SAL. (I) An exolateral spine of SAL with bifurcated tip. (J) Gonopod of SFB to show the position of spines on distal gonopod. (K, L) Exolateral spines of SFB. (M) A spine located on the anterior surface of distal gonopod of SFB. (N) Gonopod of PER to show the position of spines on distal gonopod. BG = basal gonopod; BGS = basal gonopod spine; DG = distal gonopod; ES = exolateral spines; FT = finger-like tip; PS = posterior spines. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1. Scale bars: A, B, F, J and N = 50 µm; C, E, G, H and I = 10 µm; D, K, L and M = 5 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 3. SEM photographs of the frontal knobs of Chinese bisexual Artemia populations to show the appearance of frontal knobs (A, C, E and G; frontal view) and the arrangement of spines (B, D, F and H). (A, B) LGC. (C, D) CMC. (E, F) DDC. (G, H) JBCK. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1. Scale bars: A, C, E and G = 100 µm; B, D, F and H = 20 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 4. The appearance of the distal gonopod of five bisexual Artemia populations. (A) SIN. (B) LGC. (C) URM. (D) SAL. (E) SFB. (F) PER. BG = basal gonopod; DG = distal gonopod; FT = finger-like tip. Basal gonopod spine is arrowed. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1. Scale bars = 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 1. Ventral view of the head of Artemia (Lagkor Co population), showing the position of frontal knobs and their appearance in frontal view. CE = compound eye. E = exopodite of second antenna. FA = first antenna. FK = frontal knob. P = protopodite of second antenna. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the frontal knobs of Chinese bisexual Artemia populations to show the appearance of frontal knobs (A, C, E and H; frontal view) and the arrangement of spines (B, D, F, G and I). (A, B) SIN. (C, D) BDJR. (E, F, G) YIM (arrows in F point to spines arranged in a pattern of sextuplet; G is an enlarged image of a cluster of spines in septuplet pattern). (H, I) JYH. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1. Scale bars: A, C, E and H = 100 µm; B, D, F and I = 20 µm; G = 10 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 5. The distal gonopod spines of the bisexual Artemia from China. (A, B) Panoramic images of the gonopods of LGC (A) and BDJR (B) to show the position of three groups of distal gonopod spines (in B, the position of exolateral spines is arrowed). (C) Orthostichous spines of LGC. (D) Orthostichous spines of BDJR. (E) Posterior spines of LGC. (F) Exolateral spines of YIM. (G) Exolateral spine and spinules (arrowed) of CMC. BG = basal gonopod; BGS = basal gonopod spine; DG = distal gonopod; ES = exolateral spines; FT = finger-like tip; OS = orthostichous spines; PS = posterior spines. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1. Scale bars: A and B = 100 µm; C–F = 10 µm; G = 5 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic consideration of eight Chinese bisexual Artemia populations, based on the morphology of frontal knob and gonopod and the result of cross-breeding tests
FIGURE 7. Scatterplot of the first two canonical discriminant functions (group centroids) results from the discriminant analysis of six morphometric characters in eight Chinese Artemia populations. Abbreviations of Artemia populations see Table 1.
Is High Milk Intake Good for Children's Health? A National Population-based Observational Cohort Study
<p>Milk is widely considered as a beneficial product for growing children. This study was designed to describe the milk consumption status in Korean children aged 30–36 months and to investigate its association with the risk of obesity and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This nationwide administrative study used data from the Korean national health insurance system and child health screening examinations consists of children born in 2008 and 2009. In total, 425,583 children were included, and they were divided into three groups based on daily milk consumption; low milk group (do not drink or drink <200 mL milk per day, n = 139,659), reference group (drink 200–499 mL milk per day, n = 255,670), and high milk group (drink ≥500 mL milk per day, n = 30,254). After adjusting variable confounding factors, consumption of a large amount of milk of ≥500 mL per day at the age of 30–36 months was associated with an increased risk of obesity at the age of 42–72 months and IDA after the age of 30 months. These results may provide partial evidence for dietary guidelines for milk consumption in children that are conducive to health.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides
FIGURE 6. Neighbor-net network of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides populations generated from the complement of Dice similarity coefficient. For an explanation of populations' abbreviation, see Table 1.
FIGURE 4 in Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides
FIGURE 4. PCoA plot of SSR data in Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides populations. For an explanation of populations' abbreviation, see Table 1.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides
FIGURE 2. Mantel test result of the relationship between geographical and genetic distances matrix on Nei genetic distance matrix for Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides populations.
FIGURE 1. A in Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides
FIGURE 1. A) Delta k calculation to determine the actual number of genetic clusters in Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides populations. B) STRUCTURE plot in map the populations based on k = 2 of SSR data. For an explanation of populations' abbreviation, see Table 1.
FIGURE 5 in Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides
FIGURE 5. Neighbor-joining dendrogram based on Nei's Genetic distance showing relationships among the Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides populations. For an explanation of populations' abbreviation, see Table 1.
Code from: A theoretical framework for trait-based eco-evolutionary dynamics: population structure, intraspecific variation, and community assembly
<p>How is trait diversity in a community apportioned between and within co-evolving species? Disruptive selection may result in either a few species with large intraspecific trait variation (ITV) or many species with different mean traits but little ITV. Similar questions arise in spatially structured communities: heterogeneous environments could result in either a few species that exhibit local adaptation or many species with different mean traits but little local adaptation. To date, theory has been well-equipped to either include ITV or to dynamically determine the number of coexisting species, but not both. Here, we devise a theoretical framework that combines these facets, and apply it to the above questions of how trait variation is apportioned within and between species in unstructured and structured populations, using two simple models of Lotka-Volterra competition. For unstructured communities, we find that as the breadth of the resource spectrum increases, ITV goes from being unimportant to crucial for characterizing the community. For spatially structured communities on two patches, we find no local adaptation, symmetric local adaptation, or asymmetric local adaptation depending on how much the patches differ. Our framework provides a general approach to incorporate ITV in models of eco-evolutionary community assembly.</p>
FIGURE 5. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 in Redescription of the mole crab Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippidae), based on Caribbean populations from Puerto Rico, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama
FIGURE 5. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935: A, B, ovigerous female holotype, cl 17.5 mm, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USNM 65731; C, ovigerous female, cl 14.7 mm, San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico, USNM 42209.
FIGURE 3. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 in Redescription of the mole crab Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippidae), based on Caribbean populations from Puerto Rico, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama
FIGURE 3. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935: ovigerous female paratype, cl 13.7 mm, Boca del Drago, Panama, USNM 1546925 (= ULLZ 13456): A, right lateral surface of carapace, eyestalk, and anterior appendages; B, right mandible, external surface; C, right first maxilla, external surface; D, right second maxilla, external surface; E, right first maxilliped, external surface; F, right second maxilliped, external surface; G, right third maxilliped, external surface; H, right third maxilliped, internal surface. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, C); 2 mm (D–F); 3 mm (G, H).
FIGURE 2. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 in Redescription of the mole crab Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippidae), based on Caribbean populations from Puerto Rico, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama
FIGURE 2. Emerita portoricensis Schmitt, 1935: A–C, ovigerous female holotype, cl 17.5 mm, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USNM 65731; D–F, ovigerous female, cl 11.5 mm, Dangriga, Belize, USNM 1545049 (= ULLZ 10465). A, carapace, eyestalk, and anterior appendages, right lateral surface; B, carapace front, eyestalks and anterior appendages, dorsal surface; C, G, terminus, dactylus of right first pereopod, lateral surface; D, right lateral surface of carapace, eyestalk, and anterior appendages; E, dorsal surface of carapace front, eyestalks, and anterior appendages; F, right first pereopod, lateral surface. Scale bars = 3 mm (A, B); 2 mm (D–E); 1 mm (C, G).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.