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Figs. 28–29 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Figs. 28–29. Male genitalia of Erynnis brizo from Higby Mountain, 5 mi. WSW of Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, May 14, 1965, J. M. Burns, collector (dissection JMB 937). 28, Entire genitalia in left posterolateral view. 29, Valvae and phallus in dorsal view.

Figs. 38–39 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Figs. 38–39. Male genitalia of Erynnis burgessi from South Fork Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, 5300 ft., Cochise County, Arizona, April 21, 1959, J. M. and S. N. Burns, collectors (dissection JMB 951). 38, Entire genitalia in left posterolateral view. 39, Valvae and phallus in dorsal view.

Figs. 4–15 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Figs. 4–15. Erynnis from Florida and Georgia. Dorsal views. Males, left column; females, right. 4– 5, E. somnus, Glynn Co., GA. 6–7, E. brizo, Pierce Co., GA. 8–11, E. somnus, Taylor Co., FL. 12–13, E. brizo, Wakulla Co., FL. 14–15, E. brizo, Franklin Co., FL.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Fig. 1. Map of southeastern United States shows areas enlarged in Figs. 2 and 3. Dot in central peninsular Florida pinpoints Highlands County sample of Erynnis somnus in Table 1.

Figs. 45–46 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Figs. 45–46. Male genitalia of Erynnis lacustra from 2 mi. SW of Idria, 4300 ft., San Benito County, California, May 22, 1960, J. M. and S. N. Burns, collectors (dissection RG 1016). 45, Entire genitalia in left posterolateral view. 46, Valvae and phallus in dorsal view.

Figs. 35–37 in Taxonomic Status Of A Florida Differentiate In The Erynnis Brizo Species Group: Classical Evidence (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)

Figs. 35–37. Male genitalia of Erynnis somnus twixt Fla. S-14 and Econfina River, 2.2 mi. S of U.S. 98, 19 mi. W Perry, Taylor County, Florida, March 27, 1977, J. M. Burns collector (dissection JMB 1407). 35, Valvae and phallus in dorsal view. 36–37, Valvae in lateral views: 36, Right valva. 37, Left valva.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Datasets from PhD thesis: "Integrating classical and DNA-based approaches to advance the field of paleolimnology: Case studies of a warm monomictic lake"

The general objectives of my PhD were to evaluate the advantages and limitations to using DNA-based methods in paleolimnology and to evaluate the ecological trajectory of Cultus Lake, British Columbia, using both classical paleolimnological and DNA-based approaches. The datasets therein were generated for my PhD thesis. Firstly, a 36-month sediment trap time series was developed to evaluate which DNA taxa can be deposited in the sediments and potentially be used as indicator taxa in paleolimnological studies. Congruence between morphological and DNA identification in water and sediment trap samples was also assessed specifically for diatoms and crustaceans. The data generated include mass accumulation rate and carbon accumulation rate, carbon and nitrogen percentage, morphological counts for diatoms and cladocerans in the sediment traps, DNA quantity for water and sediment trap samples, metabarcoding of a fragment of the V7 region of the 18S rRNA gene. Secondly, a multi-proxy paleolimnological study was developed to evaluate the ecological changes in Cultus Lake and the potential drivers of the changes. From this study, sedimentary delta 15N, delta 13C, percentage of carbon, percentage of nitrogen, pigments were measured and diatoms and cladoceran remains were counted and identified from a sediment core collected in 2008. The data for this project are part of a publication accepted in May 2020 in Journal of Paleolimnology: Gauthier et al (In press) Ecological dynamics of a peri-urban lake: a multi-proxy paleolimnological study of Cultus Lake (British Columbia) over the past ~200 years. doi: 10.1007/s10933-020-00147-9. Thirdly, a paleo-genetic project was developed to compare the ecological changes observed with sedimentary DNA with those observed with classical paleolimnological approaches. The same fragment of the V7 region of the 18S rRNA gene was targeted, percentage of carbon and nitrogen were also measured as well as DNA quantity for all intervals subsampled in a sediment core collected in 2017. The datasets usually come with a description of the data and meaning of abbreviations whether needed. DNA datasets will be publicly released upon acceptance of the manuscripts. For more information about the projects, methods and results, please refer to my PhD thesis published at McGill University. The number in front of the name of each file represents the chapter for which the data were generated.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Paris-morphotype) affect the stable isotope composition of 'classically' non-mycorrhizal plants

The vast majority of terrestrial plants exchange nutrients with fungal partners forming different mycorrhizal types. The minority of plants considered as non-mycorrhizal, however, are not necessarily free of any fungi, but are frequently colonized by elusive fungal endophytes, such as dark septate endophytes (DSE) or fine root endophytes (FRE). While a functional role of FRE in improvement of nutrient gain was recently elucidated, the function of DSE is still in discussion and was here addressed for 36 plant species belonging to the families Equisetaceae, Cypereaceae and Caryophyllaceae. Molecular and microscopic staining approaches were conducted to verify the presence of DSE in the investigated species. Stable isotope natural abundances of the elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen and total nitrogen concentrations were analyzed for the respective species of the target plant families and accompanying mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (Brassicaceae) plant species. Staining approaches confirmed the presence of DSE in all investigated species within the families Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae. A co-colonization with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was occasionally found by staining and molecular approaches in species of the Equisetaceae. Species of the Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae were significantly 15N-enriched in comparison to accompanying plants. In addition, a significant 13C and 2H enrichment and increased total nitrogen concentrations were found for representatives of the Equisetaceae. The 15N-enrichment found here for representatives of Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae provides evidence for a functional role of the ubiquitous DSE fungi. DSE fungi obviously provide access to 15N-enriched soil organic compounds probably in exchange for organic carbon compounds from plant photosynthesis. As indicated by additional 13C- and 2H-enrichments, representatives of the Equisetaceae apparently gain simultaneously organic carbon compounds from their AM fungi of the Paris-morphotype. Thus, species of the Equisetaceae have to be considered as partially, or in case of the achlorophyllous fertile Equisetum arvense, as fully mycoheterotrophic at least in some stages of their life cycle. So far mostly underappreciated fungi classified as DSE are suggested to occupy an ecologically relevant role similar to mycorrhizae and the occurrence of simultaneous functions of DSE and AM fungi in Equisetaceae is proposed.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Species delimitation, classical taxonomy, and genome skimming: a review of the ground beetle genus Lionepha (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The western North American genus Lionepha is shown to contain at least 11 species through a combination of eight-gene species delimitation analyses and morphological study. In order to confirm the names of several species, we sequence DNA of primary types of several names, including a LeConte lectotype collected in the 1850s, using next-generation sequencing. We examine chromosomes of eight species, and show that all have 12 pairs of autosomes and an X0/XX sex-chromosome system. The following species are described as new: Lionepha australerasa, L. kavanaughi, L. lindrothi, and L. tuulukwa. The name Lionepha erasa is shown to belong to a relatively rare, western species ranging from Oregon through Alaska; the common, widespread species previously known as Lionepha erasa now takes the name L. probata. Bembidion lindrothellus, B. chintimini, and B. lummi are synonymized with L. erasa. We provide tools to identify specimens to species, including illustrations and diagnoses.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Data from: "Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from non-classical rotational inertia"

Here we store the data shown in the main text and in the supplementary material of the manuscritpt: "Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from non-classical rotational inertia", and the codes used to analyze the experimental data. All programs are Mathematica codes.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Landscape simplification reduces classical biological control and crop yield

Agricultural intensification resulting in the simplification of agricultural landscapes is known to negatively impact the delivery of key ecosystem services such as the biological control of crop pests. Both conservation and classical biological control may be influenced by the landscape context in which they are deployed; yet studies examining the role of landscape structure in the establishment and success of introduced natural enemies and their interactions with native communities are lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape simplification, classical and conservation biological control services and importantly, the outcome of these interactions for crop yield. We showed that agricultural simplification at the landscape scale is associated with an overall reduction in parasitism rates of crop pests. Additionally, only introduced parasitoids were identified, and no native parasitoids were found in crop habitat irrespective of agricultural landscape simplification. Pest densities in the crop were lower in landscapes with greater proportions of semi natural habitats. Furthermore, farms with less semi-natural cover in the landscape and consequently, higher pest numbers, had lower yields than farms in less agriculturally dominated landscapes. Our study demonstrates the importance of landscape scale agricultural simplification in mediating the success of biological control programs and highlights the potential risks to native natural enemies in classical biological control programs against native insects. Our results represent an important contribution to an understanding of the landscape-mediated impacts on crop yield which will be essential to implementing effective policies that simultaneously conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Weak disruptive selection and incomplete phenotypic divergence in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: Cameroon crater lake cichlids

Recent documentation of a few compelling examples of sympatric speciation led to a proliferation of theoretical models. Unfortunately, plausible examples from nature have rarely been used to test model predictions, such as the initial presence of strong disruptive selection. Here I estimated the form and strength of selection in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: radiations of Cameroon cichlids restricted to lakes Barombi Mbo and Ejagham. I measured five functional traits and relative growth rates in over 500 individuals within incipient species complexes from each lake. Disruptive selection was prevalent in both groups on single and multivariate trait axes, but weak relative to stabilizing selection on other traits and most published estimates of disruptive selection. Furthermore, despite genetic structure, assortative mating, and bimodal species-diagnostic coloration, trait distributions were unimodal in both species complexes, indicating the earliest stages of speciation. Long waiting times or incomplete sympatric speciation may result when disruptive selection is initially weak. Alternatively, I present evidence of additional constraints in both species complexes, including weak linkage between coloration and morphology, reduced morphological variance aligned with nonlinear selection surfaces, and minimal ecological divergence. While other species within these radiations show complete phenotypic separation, morphological and ecological divergence in these species complexes may be slow or incomplete outside optimal parameter ranges, in contrast to rapid divergence of their sexual coloration.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Use of classical bird census transects as spatial replicates for hierarchical modeling of an avian community

New monitoring programs are often designed with some form of temporal replication to deal with imperfect detection by means of occupancy models. However, classical bird census data from earlier times often lack temporal replication, precluding detection-corrected inferences about occupancy. Historical data have a key role in many ecological studies intended to document range shifts, and so need to be made comparable with present‐day data by accounting for detection probability. We analyze a classical bird census conducted in the region of Murcia (SE Spain) in 1991 and 1992 and propose a solution to estimating detection probability for such historical data when used in a community occupancy model: the spatial replication of subplots nested within larger plots allows estimation of detection probability. In our study, the basic sample units were 1‐km transects, which were considered spatial replicates in two aggregation schemes. We fit two Bayesian multispecies occupancy models, one for each aggregation scheme, and evaluated the linear and quadratic effect of forest cover and temperature, and a linear effect of precipitation on species occupancy probabilities. Using spatial rather than temporal replicates allowed us to obtain individual species occupancy probabilities and species richness accounting for imperfect detection. Species‐specific occupancy and community size decreased with increasing annual mean temperature. Both aggregation schemes yielded estimates of occupancy and detectability that were highly correlated for each species, so in the design of future surveys ecological reasons and cost‐effective sampling designs should be considered to select the most suitable aggregation scheme. In conclusion, the use of spatial replication may often allow historical survey data to be applied formally hierarchical occupancy models and be compared with modern‐day data of the species community to analyze global change process.

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Aculops (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from Serbia on Dipsacus laciniatus L. (Dipsacaceae), a weed target of classical biological control in the United States of America

FIGURE 2. Digital micrographs of Aculops orlovacae n. sp.: a. Prodorsal shield; b. Legs; c. Coxigenital region (internal female genitalia visible); d. Coxigenital region (female genital coverflap visible). Scale bar = 10 μm for a, b, c and d.

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Aculops (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from Serbia on Dipsacus laciniatus L. (Dipsacaceae), a weed target of classical biological control in the United States of America

FIGURE 1. Semi-schematic line drawings of Aculops orlovacae n. sp.: CG. Coxigenital region of female; CS. Lateral view of caudal opisthosoma; DA. Prodorsal shield of female; em. Empodium (in detail); ES. Lateral view of annuli; IG. Internal female genitalia; SA. Lateral view of anterior region of female; L1. Leg I (with separate scale bar).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Towards experimental classical verification of quantum computation

Source data underlying the graphical representations used in the figures.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Tuborg Classic foam height over time images from test 1

Photographs taken every ten seconds of Tuborg Classic beer foam, showing foam decay and structure.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data underpinning "Noncoplanar magnetic order in classical square-kagome antiferromagnets"

Motivated by the recent synthesis of a number of Mott insulating square-kagome materials, we explore the rich phenomenology of frustrated magnetism induced by this lattice geometry, also referred to as the squagome or shuriken lattice. On the classical level, square-kagome antiferromagnets are found to exhibit extensive degeneracies, order-by-disorder, and non-coplanar ordering tendencies, which we discuss for an elementary, classical Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor and cross-plaquette interactions. Having in mind that upon introducing quantum fluctuations non-coplanar order can melt into chiral quantum spin liquids, we provide detailed information on the multitude of non-coplanar orders, including some which break rotational symmetry (possibly leading to nematic quantum orders), as well as a number of (incommensurate) spin spiral phases. Using extensive numerical simulations, we also discuss the thermodynamic signatures of these phases, which often show multi-step thermal ordering. Our comprehensive discussion of the classical square-kagome Heisenberg model, often drawing comparisons to the conventional kagome antiferromagnet, sets the stage for future explorations of quantum analogs of the various phases, either conceptually such as in quantum spin-1/2 generalizations of our model or experimentally such as in the Cu-based candidate materials.