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272 results for “crocodiles”
Data from: Functional MRI in the Nile crocodile: a new avenue for evolutionary neurobiology
Crocodilians are important for understanding the evolutionary history of amniote neural systems as they are the nearest extant relatives of modern birds and share a stem amniote ancestor with mammals. Although the crocodilian brain has been investigated anatomically, functional studies are rare. Here we employed fMRI, never tested in poikilotherms, to investigate crocodilian telencephalic sensory processing. Juvenile Crocodylus niloticus were placed in a 7T MRI scanner to record BOLD signal changes during presentation of visual as well as auditory stimuli. Visual stimulation increased BOLD signals in rostral to mid-caudal portions of the dorso-lateral anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR). Simple auditory stimuli led to signal increase in the rostromedial and caudocentral ADVR. These activation patterns are in line with previously described projection fields of diencephalic sensory fibers. Furthermore, complex auditory stimuli activated additional regions of the caudomedial ADVR. The recruitment of these additional, presumably higher-order, sensory areas reflect observations made in birds and mammals. Our results indicate that structural and functional aspects of sensory processing have been likely conserved during the evolution of sauropsids. In addition, our study shows that fMRI can be utilized to investigate neural processing in poikilotherms, providing a new avenue for neurobiological research in these critical species.
Data from: Morphological and biomechanical disparity of crocodile-line archosaurs following the end-Triassic extinction
Mesozoic crurotarsans exhibited diverse morphologies and feeding modes, representing considerable ecological diversity, yet macroevolutionary patterns remain unexplored. Here we employ a unique combination of morphological and biomechanical disparity metrics to quantify the ecological diversity and trophic radiations of Mesozoic crurotarsans, using the mandible as a morpho-functional proxy. We recover three major trends. First, the diverse assemblage of Late Triassic crurotarsans was morphologically and biomechanically disparate, implying high levels of ecological variation; but, following the end-Triassic extinction, disparity declined. Second, the Jurassic radiation of marine thalattosuchians resulted in very low morphological disparity but moderate variation in jaw biomechanics, highlighting a hydrodynamic constraint on mandibular form. Third, during the Cretaceous terrestrial radiations of neosuchians and notosuchians, mandibular morphological variation increased considerably. By the Late Cretaceous, crocodylomorphs evolved a range of morphologies equaling Late Triassic crurotarsans. In contrast, biomechanical disparity in the Cretaceous did not increase, essentially decoupling from morphology. This enigmatic result could be attributed to biomechanical evolution in other anatomical regions (e.g. cranium, dentition or postcranium), possibly releasing the mandible from selective pressures. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex relationship between morphological and biomechanical disparity in Mesozoic crurotarsans that culminated in specialized feeding ecologies and associated lifestyles.
FIGURE 1 in Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil
FIGURE 1. Bauru Basin (modified from Fernandes & Coimbra, 1996)
Supplementary methods and dataset related to the manuscript: Temporal integration of multimodal signals in crocodiles
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FIGURE 5 in Systematic revision of the living African Slender-snouted Crocodiles (Mecistops Gray, 1844)
FIGURE 5. Typical flank scalation in adult Mecistops cataphractus (a) and M. leptorhynchus (b).
Fig. 6 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 6. Live individual of C. halli at St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park.
Fig. 7 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 7. Holotype of Crocodylus halli, USNM 211290.
Fig. 6 in A Comparative Study Of Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus Crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) From Vietnam And China
Fig. 6. Such slow-running streams are inhabited by Shinisaurus crocodilurus in Yen Tu Nature Reserve. Photograph by Le Khac Quyet.
Fig. 4 in A Comparative Study Of Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus Crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) From Vietnam And China
Fig. 4. Oblique sulcal view of the left hemipenis of an adult Shinisaurus crocodilurus from Vietnam (ZFMK 83901); due to the eversion after fixation the organ appears elongated and both terminal lobes are not upwards directed due to a preparation artefact. Photograph by T. Ziegler.
FIGURE 7 in The Cuban Crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) from Late Quaternary Underwater Cave Deposits in the Dominican Republic
FIGURE 7. Skull of a Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) of Late Quaternary age from Oleg's Bat Cave, Dominican Republic (MHD 572) in A. dorsal, B. ventral, C. left lateral, and D. posterior views.
Figure 10 in Erpetosuchus, a crocodile-like basal archosaur from the Late Triassic of Elgin, Scotland
Figure 10. Cladograms showing putative relationships of Erpetosuchus, showing the most parsimonious tree (MPT), with bootstrap measures for each node (10 000 replicates) on the right, and 50% majority-rule tree, based on the MPT and trees up to 10 steps longer, with Bremer support values from the strict/50% majority-rule consensus trees indicated at each node.
Figure 5 in Erpetosuchus, a crocodile-like basal archosaur from the Late Triassic of Elgin, Scotland
Figure 5. Elements of the shoulder girdle of Erpetosuchus granti Newton (1894) (BMNH R3139). (A−C) Right scapulocoracoid, with associated humerus, in medial (A) and anterior (B) views, and resoration in lateral view (C). (D) Dorsal (interior) view of the interclavicle, coracoid, and proximal humerus. Abbreviations: co = coracoid; h = humerus; icl = interclavicle; sc = scapula.
Figure 8 in Erpetosuchus, a crocodile-like basal archosaur from the Late Triassic of Elgin, Scotland
Figure 8. Short series of cervical vertebrae 4–8 of Erpetosuchus granti Newton (1894) (NMS 1992.37.1). (A, B) Cervical vertebrae 4–8, with associated scutes, in left lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views. In the latter, the spine tables are very clear. (C) Cervical vertebra 8 in posterior view. (D) Scutes 6 and 7 in enlarged view (cf. Figure 4C).
Figure 12. Right ilium, lateral view. A in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 12. Right ilium, lateral view. A, Crocodylus acutus, USNM 211278. B, Voay robustus, AMNH 17008. C, Osteolaemus tetraspis, USNM 194448 (left element, image reversed). Scale = 1 cm.
Fig. 1 in Discovery of a new crocodile lizard population in Vietnam: Population trends, future prognoses and identification of key habitats for conservation
Fig. 1. New population of S. crocodilurus from Hai Ha District, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. (A) Adult in the habitat. (B) Juvenile. Photos C.T. Pham and M. van Schingen.
Supplementary material 1 from: Saldarriaga-Gómez AM, Ardila-Robayo MC, Medem F, Vargas-Ramírez M (2023) Hope is the last thing lost: Colombian captive-bred population of the critically endangered Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) is a genetic reservoir that could help to save the species from extinction. Nature Conservation 53: 85-103. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.104000
Supplementary information
Data from: A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles
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Data from: Functional MRI in the Nile crocodile: a new avenue for evolutionary neurobiology
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Data from: Morphological and biomechanical disparity of crocodile-line archosaurs following the end-Triassic extinction
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Pulmonary anatomy in the Nile crocodile and the evolution of unidirectional airflow in Archosauria.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.