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Dead wood diversity promotes fungal diversity
<p>Dead wood is a source of life as it provides habitat and substrate for a wide range of fungal species. A growing number of studies show an important role of wood quality for fungal diversity, but in most cases for a limited number of wood traits or tree species. In this study, we evaluate how abiotic and biotic factors affect the fungal diversity and composition during dead wood decomposition. For 10 common European tree species, fresh similar-sized logs were incubated simultaneously in two Dutch forests. Annual surveys of fungal fruiting bodies were made for an 8-year period. For each tree species, 20 fresh stem traits were measured that are important for chemical and physical defence and for nutritional quality. Throughout 8 years, 4,644 fruiting bodies belonging to 255 species and 90 genera were recorded on the logs of 10 tree species. Fungal frequency and richness were higher for Angiosperms than for Gymnosperms, both for individual tree species and as a group, and higher for tree species with more acquisitive stem trait strategies (i.e., high nutritional value and low physical defence). Differences in fungal communities were strongly driven by phylogenetic group (Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms), stem traits, decay time and forest sites, together explaining 23% of the variation. Fungal communities in sandy site diverged early in the decay process but converged later because of substrate homogenization. Of the 128 fungal species included in the analyses, 41% showed a preference for specific tree species and 34% for a specific successional year. In conclusion, dead wood quality, determined by tree species and decay stage, is an important driver of fungal diversity. For forest management, promoting a wide array of dead tree species (especially angiosperm species), a range of stem trait values and decay stages will increase fungal and, thereby, forest biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Living, dead, and absent trees - How do moth outbreaks shape small-scale patterns of soil organic matter stocks and dynamics at the Subarctic mountain birch treeline?
<p>Mountain birch forests (<i>B. pubescens</i> Ehrh. ssp. <i>czerepanovii</i>) at the subarctic treeline not only benefit from global warming, but are also increasingly affected by caterpillar outbreaks from foliage-feeding geometrid moths. Both of these factors have unknown consequences on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and biogeochemical cycles. We measured SOC stocks down to the bedrock under living trees and under two stages of dead trees (12 and 55 years since moth outbreak) and treeless tundra in northern Finland. We also measured in-situ soil respiration, potential SOC decomposability, biological (enzyme activities, microbial biomass), and chemical (N, mineral N, pH) soil properties. SOC stocks were significantly higher under living trees (4.1±2.1 kg m²) than in the treeless tundra (2.4±0.6 kg m²), and remained at an elevated level even 12 (3.7±1.7 kg m²) and 55 years (4.9±3.0 kg m²) after tree death. Effects of tree status on SOC stocks decreased with increasing distance from the tree and with increasing depth, i.e. a significant effect of tree status was found in the organic layer, but not in mineral soil. Soil under living trees was characterized by higher mineral N contents, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and soil respiration compared with the treeless tundra; soils under dead trees were intermediate between these two. The results suggest accelerated organic matter turnover under living trees but a positive net effect on SOC stocks. Slowed organic matter turnover and continuous supply of deadwood may explain why SOC stocks remained elevated under dead trees, despite the heavy decrease in aboveground C stocks. We conclude that the increased occurrence of moth damage with climate change would have minor effects on SOC stocks, but ultimately decrease ecosystem C stocks (49% within 55 years in this area), if the mountain birch forests will not be able to recover from the outbreaks.</p>
Data from: Standing decomposition of dead leaves in winter and its legacy effects should not be ignored in subtropical forests
<p><span>Background and Aims</span></p> <p><span>Dead leaves may remain standing all winter before entering the soil as litter in subtropical forests. However, little is known about the standing decomposition of dead leaves and how this might influence subsequent litter decomposition in the soil. </span></p> <p><span>Methods</span></p> <p><span>We conducted an investigation of the standing decomposition of dead leaves in winter in a subtropical forest. In the following summer, we conducted a decomposition experiment of pre-standing litter (dead leaves picked immediately after leaf </span><span>death) and post-standing litter (dead leaves picked after winter) in the soil using the litterbag method, further exploring the influences of the standing process on subsequent litter decomposition in the soil. </span></p> <p><span>Results</span></p> <p><span>After 159 days of standing decomposition, up to 43% of leaf mass was lost, with lignin and cellulose degraded by 30% and 35%, respectively. After 163 days of decomposition in the soil, the mass losses of pre-standing and post-standing litter were 31% and 52%, respectively. The decomposition rate (k) of post-standing litter was 2 times that of pre-standing litter. Restrained by the low photodegradability of litter in the later stage of decomposition, standing decomposition still conformed to the exponential decomposition model.</span></p> <p><span>Conclusion</span></p> <p><span>The standing decomposition of dead leaves in winter is driven predominantly by the abiotic process of photodegradation with leaching, resulting in substantial carbon loss in the standing phase and a doubling of the subsequent litter decomposition rate in soil, thus profoundly influencing the carbon process of subtropical forest ecosystems.</span> </p>
Fig. 10 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 10. Geochus kuscheli, new species, confocal microscope images. Mouthparts: A) Labium, ventral view, B) Maxilla, ventral view, C) Left mandible, dorsal view, D) Right mandible, dorsal view. E) Dorsal view of the apicoventral portion of rostrum showing pharyngeal plate (arrow), F) Lateral view of meso- and metathorax showing reduced hind wing.
Fig. 9 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 9. Geochus kuscheli, new species, male (A–C) and female (D–E) terminalia, confocal microscope images. A) Aedeagus, dorsal view, B) Aedeagus, lateral view, C) Sternites VIII (with spiculum gastrale) and IX (arrow), D) Sternite VIII and spermatheca, E) Enlargement of spermatheca in D.
Fig. 5. SEM images. A in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 5. SEM images. A) Geochus inaequalis, protarsus, the arrow indicating absence of pretarsal claw (ventral aspect). G. rufipictus: B) Head (dorso-anterior aspect), C) Enlargement of frons and dorsal surface of rostrum, D) Mesonotum, E) Left elytron. F) G. rugulosus, mesonotum.
Fig. 4. SEM images, Geochus inaequalis. A in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 4. SEM images, Geochus inaequalis. A) Enlargement of frons and dorsal surface of rostrum, B) Enlargement of setae/scales on dorsal surface of rostrum, showing canal openings of wax glands (arrows), C) Mesonotum, D) Left elytron, E) Enlargement of scale on elytron, showing canal opening of the wax gland, F) Protarsus, the arrow indicating absence of pretarsal claw (dorsal aspect).
Fig. 14 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 14. Phylogenetic tree of sampled weevil genera, predominantly from New Zealand. Clades discussed in the text are indicated using colored boxes. Node support values summarized as symbols. Nodes with less than 0.5 posterior probability have been collapsed. CCCMS = Curculioninae, Conoderinae, Cossoninae, Molytinae, and Scolytinae clade.
Fig. 6. SEM images. A in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 6. SEM images. A) Geochus rugulosus, left elytron. G. sulcatus: B) Mesonotum, C) Right elytron, D) Enlargement of elytron, showing canal openings of wax glands (arrows). G. tibialis: E) Head (dorso-anterior aspect), F) Enlargement of frons and dorsal surface of rostrum.
Fig. 3 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 3. SEM images. Geochus kuscheli, new species: A) Protarsus, showing presence of pretarsal claws (dorsal aspect), B) Protarsus, showing pretarsal claws (ventral aspect), C) Enlargement of spatulate setae on ventral surface of protarsus, D) Pro- and mesothorax, lateral aspect, showing partially fused meta- and metepisterna, E) Enlargement of metepisternum, showing stellate setae/fimbriate scales. F) G. inaequalis, head (dorso-anterior aspect).
Fig. 2 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 2. SEM images, Geochus kuscheli, new species. A) Head (dorso-anterior aspect), B) Enlargement of frons and base of rostrum, C) Mesonotum, D) Left elytron, E) Enlargement of scales on elytron, F) Enlargement of scale, showing canal opening of the wax gland.
Fig. 17 in The Enigmatic Dead-Leaf Miner Geochus Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Phylogenetic Placement, a New Species, and Lectotype Designations
Fig. 17. Dorsal habitus photographs of representatives of the type series or holotypes of Geochus arranged into informal groups.
Alterations of Conjunctival Microcirculation in Brain Dead Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02483273. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
ICU Management of Brain-Dead Donors Before Multi-Organ Procurement and Factors Associated With the Number of Organs Retrieved
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06768515. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Dead Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Radiation Lung Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06021067. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 25.
Resting Energy Needs in Brain Dead Patients (reSting EneRgy nEeds iN brAin DEad Patients)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05070182. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Climatotherapy At The Dead Sea For Atopic Dermatitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01307150. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Potassium Canrenoate in Brain-dead Organ Donors: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04714710. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Non-linear Frequency Compared to Conventional Processing in Patients With and Without Cochlear Dead Regions.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04145661. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Dead Space Closure With Quilting Suture Versus Conventional Closure With Drainage
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02263651. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.