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opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: The phenology-substrate-match hypothesis explains decomposition rates of evergreen and deciduous oak leaves.

1. There is substantial evidence that the rate of litter decomposition is affected by the match between the litter substrate and the soil matrix (decomposer community). We introduce and test the phenology-substrate-match hypothesis, which predicts that both litter composition and soil matrix will change over the course of the year, and that a lagged match between litter type and soil matrix will result in an optimal decomposition environment. 2. We conducted a decomposition experiment in a Mediterranean mixed deciduous-evergreen oak savanna in California. We initiated litter decomposition of both a deciduous oak (whose leaves fall in autumn) and an evergreen oak (whose leaves fall in spring) in both autumn and spring. 3. Consistent with the phenology-substrate-match hypothesis, we found that decomposition of deciduous oak litter was accelerated compared to evergreen oak litter when decomposition was initiated in spring, while evergreen litter was accelerated compared to deciduous litter when decomposition was initiated in autumn. 4. We also found a small effect of microsite on leaf decomposition, where both evergreen and deciduous oak leaves decomposed faster under the canopy of a conspecific. 5. Synthesis: Our study extends theory of litter quality and the decomposer community into a temporal context which may be an important source of variation in decomposition rates when species with different litterfall phenologies co-occur.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe

Aim: Forest understory microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understory microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e. local factors), as well as forest patch size and distance to coast (i.e. landscape factors). Location: Temperate forests in Europe Time period: 2017-2018 Major taxa studied: Woody plants Methods: We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather station records to calculate the difference – or offset – between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. Results: Maximum temperature during summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C and minimum temperature during winter and spring were 0.4 °C and 0.9 °C warmer inside than outside forests. The local canopy cover was a strong non-linear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to coast and topographic position. Main conclusions: Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data, so climate-species relationships and species' responses to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land-use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Datasets used in "Does Organization in Turbulence Influence Ozone Removal by Deciduous Forests?"

Model archived fields used in the generation of the figures in: Clifton, O. E., and Patton, E. G. (2021), Does Organization in Turbulence Influence Ozone Removal by Deciduous Forests?, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences.

Supplementary material 1 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Table 1 : Explanation note: A list of beetle species observed in our study.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks

Premise of the study. Ecologists have an incomplete understanding of the factors that select for deciduous, evergreen, and marcescent leaf habits. Evergreens have more opportunities for photosynthesis but may experience costs when abiotic conditions are unfavorable such as during ice and windstorms. Methods. We documented branch loss for species of oaks (Quercus spp) in a common garden in California during an unusual windstorm. Key Results. Branches of marcescent trees were more likely to break during the storm and this pattern had a negligible phylogenetic signature. Branches of evergreen and marcescent species were mostly alive prior to breaking, which likely accrued a fitness cost, while those of deciduous species were mostly already dead. One explanation for the overrepresentation of broken branches from marcescent species is that their petioles are inflexible and have greater wind loading compared to the flexible petioles of evergreen leaves and the leafless condition of deciduous branches. Conclusions. These results suggest that branch loss during unusual winter storms may be an important cost of a marcescent leaf habit.

Figure 5 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Figure 5 - Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of each plot of the island and lakeshore sites. From I1 to I30: plots at the island site; from L1 to L30: plots at the lakeshore site. The differences of color and symbol represent the result of clustering.

Figure 4 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Figure 4 - Shannon–Wiener index of each insect taxonomic group per plot at the island and lakeshore sites estimated by using GLMs. A Carabid B Carrion and C Dung beetles. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Figure 3 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Figure 3 - Species richness of each insect taxonomic and functional group per plot at the island and lakeshore sites estimated by using GLMs. A Carabid B Carrion and C Dung beetles. Carabid and carrion beetles were classified into small, medium and large species and dung beetles were classified into small and large species (see the main text). Asterisks indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Figure 2 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Figure 2 - Abundance of each insect taxonomic and functional group per plot at the island and lakeshore sites estimated by using GLMs. A Carabid B Carrion C Dung beetles. Carabid and carrion beetles were classified into small, medium and large species and dung beetles were classified into small and large species (see the main text). Asterisks indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Figure 1 from: Iida T, Soga M, Koike S (2016) Effects of an increase in population of sika deer on beetle communities in deciduous forests. ZooKeys 625: 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9116

Figure 1 - The location and forest floor of the study area. A The location of Lake Toya B Forest floor of Nakanoshima Island C Forest floor of the lakeshore of Lake Toya. The map of Lake Toya was modified from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 2015.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Edge disturbance shapes liana diversity and abundance but not liana-tree interaction network patterns in moist semi-deciduous forests, Ghana

Edge disturbance can drive liana community changes and alter liana-tree interaction networks, with ramifications for forest functioning. Understanding edge effects on liana community structure and liana-tree interactions is therefore essential for forest management and conservation. We evaluated the response of liana community structure and the patterns of liana-tree interaction structure to forest edge in two moist semi-deciduous forests in Ghana (Asenanyo and Suhuma Forest Reserves: AFR and SFR, respectively). Liana community structure and liana-tree interactions were assessed in 24 50 × 50 m randomly located plots in three forest sites in each forest: edge, interior and deep-interior established at 0-50 m, 200 m and 400 m from edge. Edge effects positively and negatively influenced liana diversity in forest edges of AFR and SFR, respectively. There was a positive influence of edge disturbance on liana abundance in both forests. We observed anti-nested structure in all the liana-tree networks in AFR, while no nestedness was observed in the networks in SFR. The networks in both forests were less connected, and thus more modular and specialised than their null models. Many liana and tree species were specialised, with specialisation tending to be symmetrical. The plant species played different roles in relation to modularity. Most of the species acted as peripherals (specialists), with only a few species having structural importance to the networks. The latter species group consisted of connectors (generalists) and hubs (highly connected generalists). Some of the species showed consistency in their roles across the sites, while the roles of other species changed. Generally, liana species co-occurred randomly on tree species in all the forest sites, except edge site in AFR where lianas showed positive co-occurrence. Our findings deepen our understanding of the response of liana communities and liana-tree interactions to forest edge disturbance, which are useful for managing forest edge.

ClinicalTrials.gov28/100

Aesthetic Restorations in Deciduous Anterior Teeth

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05875064. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →