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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Service Level Anchoring in Demand Forecasting: The Moderating Impact of Retail Promotions and Product Perishability

This dataset is used for the working paper "Service Level Anchoring in Demand Forecasting: The Moderating Impact of Retail Promotions and Product Perishability," authored by Fahimnia, Tan, and Tahirov. The data was collected during a laboratory experiment designed based on data from a real case in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. Each subject was assigned to one of the following treatment groups: <ul> <li>T1 - forecasts were made for a nonperishable product (shelf life of 9 months), with no service level information.</li> <li>T2 - forecasts were made for a perishable product (shelf life 1 day), with no service level information.</li> <li>T3 - forecasts were made for a nonperishable product, with a high service level information.</li> <li>T4 - the forecasts were still for a nonperishable product, with a lower service level information.</li> <li>T5 - forecasts were made for a perishable product, with high service level information.</li> <li>T6 - forecasts were made for a perishable product, with low service level information.</li> </ul> A total of 368 subjects prepared four forecasts each. For each forecast, a subject was provided with 30 weeks of sales data, including both normal and promotional weeks. The promotional weeks were highlighted as "Promo." The subjects were asked to provide their forecasts for week 31, basing their forecasts solely on historical data and potential sales promotions. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to assess the accuracy of the forecasts. Percentage forecast bias was used to measure the deviation of adjusted forecasts from the normative benchmark forecast. The dataset includes four Excel files, two code script files, and a README file: 1. Excel files 1 and 2:  "database_analysis.xlsx": Contains average adjusted forecasts for each subject during both promotional and non-promotional periods, along with demographic information, calculated MAPE, forecast bias, service level, and product perishability. This file is used as input data in the "data_cleaning.R" script. "database_plot.xlsx": This Excel file contains a compact and cleaned version of the data from the first file, excluding outliers, and was used to create visuals such as boxplots. 2. Excel Files 3 and 4: "Pool_1_Perishable.xlsx" and "Pool_2_Non_Perishable.xlsx": Contain real datasets for perishable and non-perishable products used in the experiment. 3. Code Script File: "data_cleaning.R": This script performs data pre-processing by cleaning and transforming the dataset. "analysis.R": This script loads the cleaned data and performs statistical analysis, including ANOVA and hypothesis testing.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting

Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face: 1) an improved ability to accommodate high anterior bite forces, 2) more effective conditioning of cold and/or dry air, and, 3) adaptation to facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these hypotheses using three-dimensional models of Neanderthals, modern humans, and a close outgroup (H. heidelbergensis), applying finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the most comprehensive application of either approach applied to date and the first to include both. FEA reveals few differences between H. heidelbergensis, modern humans and Neanderthals in their capacities to sustain high anterior tooth loadings. CFD shows that the nasal cavities of Neanderthals and especially modern humans condition air more efficiently than does that of H. heidelbergensis, suggesting that both evolved to better withstand cold and/or dry climates than less derived Homo. We further find that Neanderthals could move considerably more air through the nasal pathway than could H. heidelbergensis or modern humans, consistent with the propositions that, relative to our outgroup Homo, Neanderthal facial morphology evolved to reflect improved capacities to better condition cold, dry air, and, to move greater air volumes in response to higher energetic requirements.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Ebola cases and health system demand in Liberia

In 2014, a major epidemic of human Ebola virus disease emerged in West Africa, where human-to-human transmission has now been sustained for greater than 12 months. In the summer of 2014, there was great uncertainty about the answers to several key policy questions concerning the path to containment. What is the relative importance of nosocomial transmission compared with community-acquired infection? How much must hospital capacity increase to provide care for the anticipated patient burden? To which interventions will Ebola transmission be most responsive? What must be done to achieve containment? In recent years, epidemic models have been used to guide public health interventions. But, model-based policy relies on high quality causal understanding of transmission, including the availability of appropriate dynamic transmission models and reliable reporting about the sequence of case incidence for model fitting, which were lacking for this epidemic. To investigate the range of potential transmission scenarios, we developed a multi-type branching process model that incorporates key heterogeneities and time-varying parameters to reflect changing human behavior and deliberate interventions in Liberia. Ensembles of this model were evaluated at a set of parameters that were both epidemiologically plausible and capable of reproducing the observed trajectory. Results of this model suggested that epidemic outcome would depend on both hospital capacity and individual behavior. Simulations suggested that if hospital capacity was not increased, then transmission might outpace the rate of isolation and the ability to provide care for the ill, infectious, and dying. Similarly, the model suggested that containment would require individuals to adopt behaviors that increase the rates of case identification and isolation and secure burial of the deceased. As of mid-October, it was unclear that this epidemic would be contained even by 99% hospitalization at the planned hospital capacity. A new version of the model, updated to reflect information collected during October and November 2014, predicts a significantly more constrained set of possible futures. This model suggests that epidemic outcome still depends very heavily on individual behavior. Particularly, if future patient hospitalization rates return to background levels (estimated to be around 70%), then transmission is predicted to remain just below the critical point around Reff = 1. At the higher hospitalization rate of 85%, this model predicts near complete elimination in March to June, 2015.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Non-protected areas demanding equitable conservation strategies as of protected areas in Central Himalayan region

The present study aims to explore the mammalian diversity of Darjeeling district using camera traps along with questionnaire survey in protected area (PA) and non- protected area (Non-PA). We also attempted to understand the influence of habitat variables on mammalian species richness using the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). A total of 30 mammal species were recorded of which 21 species were detected through camera trapping with the most abundant records of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and least of the elusive Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens). Additionally, melanistic forms of four mammals were also recorded. The mammalian species richness, their capture rate and naïve occupancy did not differ significantly among the PA and Non-PA. The GLMM revealed that the proportions of oak and bamboo in the forest, percentage canopy cover and camera trap operational days (wAICc = 0.145, wBIC = 0.603) were significant predictors of species richness in the study. We suggest Non-PA forest of Darjeeling should be given equal conservation importance as to the PA. Landscape based conservation planning will be imperative for achieving long term conservation goals in the study area.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The costs of a big brain: extreme encephalization results in higher energetic demand and reduced hypoxia tolerance in weakly electric African fishes

A large brain can offer several cognitive advantages. However, brain tissue has an especially high metabolic rate. Thus, evolving an enlarged brain requires either a decrease in other energetic requirements, or an increase in overall energy consumption. Previous studies have found conflicting evidence for these hypotheses, leaving the metabolic costs and constraints in the evolution of increased encephalization unclear. Mormyrid electric fishes have extreme encephalization comparable to that of primates. Here, we show that brain size varies widely among mormyrid species, and that there is little evidence for a trade-off with organ size, but instead a correlation between brain size and resting oxygen consumption rate. Additionally, we show that increased brain size correlates with decreased hypoxia tolerance. Our data thus provide a non-mammalian example of extreme encephalization that is accommodated by an increase in overall energy consumption. Previous studies have found energetic trade-offs with variation in brain size in taxa that have not experienced extreme encephalization comparable with that of primates and mormyrids. Therefore, we suggest that energetic trade-offs can only explain the evolution of moderate increases in brain size, and that the energetic requirements of extreme encephalization may necessitate increased overall energy investment.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Demand-side solutions to climate change mitigation consistent with high levels of wellbeing

Systematic literature survey contains of 54784 documents This database was used by experts – sectoral teams and internal reviewers- to assess the demand-side mitigation strategies potential and wellbeing impacts. We set up the interactive database such that by clicking on each cell experts were guided to the associate dataset.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in A Report On Optimal pricing and replenishment strategies for non-instantaneous decaying items with selling price and current stock level dependent demand

Fig. 2. Experimental results of Callosobruchus analis parental crosses. A) Hatch rate, B) Apterous offspring ratio, C) Offspring sex ratio. Replicates were eight for ap/ap females mated with ap/ap, +/ap, and +/+ males, eight for +/+ females with +/+ males, seven for +/ap females mated with ap/ap, +/ap males, and 11 for +/+ females mated with ap/ap males.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Data from the thesis diagnosis of waste, application possibilities and future demand for green coconut shells, with evaluation of information uncertainty

Information on the quantities of green coconut shells produced in coastal regions is not well known, which can make it difficult to manage these frequently wasted materials, as well as the understanding that they can be included in a production process as a raw material, with various possibilities of use and income generation. Given this situation, the objective of this research is to develop a diagnosis of the potential use of green coconut shells, after water consumption, in public places in municipalities in the southern and southern coast of Bahia. It is also intended to identify the future demand of the potential possibility for the recovery of the bark, and provide subsidies that can be used to organize the use of this material. In this context, the method applied in this research consists of five steps: (i) literature review; (ii) diagnosis of bark situation in the study region; (iii) evaluation of the uncertainty of the estimated amount of shells; (iv) possibilities for applying green coconut shells and preparing the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT); and (v) obtaining future demand for the potential output for the region through quantitative techniques for predicting time series with uncertainty assessment. The main scientific contributions of this work consist, therefore, (a) in the diagnosis of the waste of green coconut shells in the region; (b) the possibilities of application of coconut shells; (c) in the demand forecasting method elaborated for time series without trends and with high variability; and (d) in assessing the uncertainty of the quantitative information obtained. Thus, the study developed can be used as a subsidy, either for replicating the research process in other types of waste allocated in any region, or for the adoption of public policies to manage these materials, or even for the encouragement and creation of an appropriate productive scenario for the management of green coconut shells in the study region, which contributes to the understanding of the potential for generating environmental, economic and social value from the use and processing of these wasted materials.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios?

Here are stored two datasets belonging to the model build for the following research article: Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios? Francesca Rosa, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Pekka Lauri, Adam Felton, Nicklas Forsell, Stephan Pfister, Stefanie Hellweg Environmental Science and Technology, 2023 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867</a> The rest of the data, the code and further documentation are provided in this github repository: <a href="https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate">https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate</a>

Figure 17 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 17. Caudal fin of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 5.4 mm standard length (SL), 21 days post-hatching (dph). B, 5.7 mm SL, 25 dph. C, 6.6 mm SL, 31 dph. D, 6.8 mm SL, 34 dph. E, 9.1 mm SL, 37 dph. F, adult, 28.8 mm SL. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 18 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 18. Sequence of ossification of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, early stages, showing bones that start to ossify from 3.4 mm notocord length (NL) to 6.1 mm standard length (SL). B, later stages, showing bones that start to ossify from 6.2 mm SL onwards. The thin vertical lines represent lengths (NL and SL, in mm) at which ossification can be present or absent. The thick horizontal lines represent the fixed presence of ossifications.

Figure 15 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 15. Dorsal fin of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 7.7 mm standard length (SL), 37 days post-hatching (dph). B, 15.4 mm SL, 70 dph. C, adult, 28.8 mm SL, with image horizontally inverted. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 13 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 13. Pectoral fin of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 10.1 mm standard length (SL), 52 days post-hatching (dph). B, 15.4 mm SL, 70 dph. C, adult, 28.8 mm SL. Arrows indicate laterosensory bone canal of supracleithrum (B) and posttemporal (C). Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 4. A, B, D in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 4. A, B, D, neurocranium of Moenkhausia pittieri, ventral view. A, 9.1 mm standard length (SL), 37 days posthatching (dph). B, 10.9 mm SL, 61 dph. C, dorsal portion of pectoral girdle, adult, 32.5 mm SL; arrow indicates ligament connecting the pterotic and supracleithrum with the intercalar. D, adult, 28.8 mm SL; arrow indicates the anterior process of the lateral ethmoid. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 12 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 12. Axial skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 5.1 mm notocord length (NL), 12 days post-hatching (dph). B, 9.1 mm SL, 37 dph. C, adult, 28.8 mm SL. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 10 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 10. Branchial arches of Moenkhausia pittieri, upper portion, ventral view (A, left side; D, right side) and lower portion, dorsal view (B, C). A, B, 10.9 mm standard length (SL), 61 days post-hatching (dph); arrow indicates a single tooth developed in the pharyngobranchial 2 cartilage. C, D, adult, 28.8 mm SL; arrows indicate a second row of gill rakers. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 9. Hyoid arch of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 9.1 mm standard length (SL), 37 days post-hatching (dph), lateral view. B, 10.9 mm SL, 61 dph, medial view to show dorsal hypohyal. C, adult, 28.8 mm SL, lateral view. D, adult, 32.5 mm SL, lateral view. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 11 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 11. Weberian ossicles of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 5.1 mm notocord length (NL), 12 days post-hatching (dph). B, 5.5 mm standard length (SL), 21 dph. C, 9.1 mm SL, 37 dph. D, adult, 28.8 mm SL, with pleural rib 5 removed; arrow indicates the anterior process of neural arch 3. Numbers indicate vertebral centra. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 6 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 6. Infraorbital series (A, B) and sclerotic bones (C) of Moenkhausia pittieri. A, 15.4 mm standard length (SL), 70 days post-hatching (dph), with image horizontally inverted. B, C, adult, 28.8 mm SL. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 7 in Ontogeny of the skeleton of Moenkhausia pittieri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with discussion on functional demands and ossification patterns in the Characidae

Figure 7. Upper and lower jaws of Moenkhausia pittieri, lateral view. A, 5.7 mm standard length (SL), 25 days posthatching (dph). B, 10.9 mm SL, 61 dph. C, 15.4 mm SL, 70 dph. D, adult, 28.8 mm SL, with image horizontally inverted. Abbreviations are explained in Table 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.