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2,162 results for “glands”
FIGURE 6 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 6. Map of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania showing the distribution of the species in the genus Callulina and distribution of C. meteora sp. nov. (red outlined shaded area) in the Nguru Mountains.
FIGURE 5 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of all nominal species of Callulina, using a) Maximum likelihood, with bootstrap results given above and symbols below show the results of Kishino–Hasegawa tests of differences in log likelihoods between optimal and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level, b) Maximum Parsimony, numbers above branches are bootstrap proportions, numbers below internal branches are decay indices. The symbols following the decay index values show the results of Templeton tests of differences in length between the MPTs and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level.
FIGURES 31–36 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 31–36. Calling songs of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp and Oecanthus lineolatus. 31—spectrogram of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 32—spectrogram of Oecanthus lineolatus; 33—oscillograms of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp., a–chirp beginning with two isolated pulses (arrow), b–amplitude variation in the first pulse (arrow), c–broken chirp (arrow); 34—oscillograms of Oecanthus lineolatus, a–broken chirp (arrow), b–regular train of pulses, c–amplitude variation in the first pulses (arrow), A–chirp first pulse, B–chirp last pulse, C–chirp duration, D–chirp period; 35—regresson lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate for both species; 36—relationship between pulse rate and frequency in both species.
FIGURES 21–25. Oecanthus lineolatus genitalia. 21 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 21–25. Oecanthus lineolatus genitalia. 21—genitalia, diagonal, 22—lateral; 23—phallic sclerites, dorsal; 24—ventral, 25—lateral. Conventions: M-End.Sc—Median endophallic sclerite; L-End.Sc—lateral endophallic sclerite; End.Sc.p—endophallic sclerite posterior lobes; Ect.Sc—ectophallic sclerite; Ect.F—ectophallic fold; Dc—dorsal cavity; MLPs—main lobe of pseudepiphallus; R—rami; ss—spermatophore sac; amp—spermatophore ampulla; st—spermatophore
FIGURES 17–20 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 17–20. Male subgenital and supra-anal plates. 17—Oecanthus lineolatus supra-anal plate, 19—subgential plate; 18—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. supra-anal plate, 20—subgential plate.
FIGURES 15–16. Metanotal glands. 15—Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 15–16. Metanotal glands. 15—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16—Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe.
FIGURES 9–14. Legs and tegmina. 9t in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 9–14. Legs and tegmina. 9t—Oecanthus lineolatus tympanum, 10—hind femur, 11a, b, c—outer apical spurs, 12d, e, f, g—inner apical spurs; 13—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal; 14—Oecanthus lineolatus right tegmen, dorsal.
FIGURES 5–8. Male head, dorsal. 5, 7—Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 5–8. Male head, dorsal. 5, 7—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 6, 8—Oecanthus lineolatus. Arrow: maxillary palpi fifth joint depression.
FIGURES 1–2. Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 1–2. Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. 1—holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; 2—female, habitus, dorsal view
FIGURES 43–46 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 43–46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43—native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44—Tobacco's flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45—Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46—Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf.
FIGURES 26–30. Oecanthus phallic sclerites. 26—Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 26–30. Oecanthus phallic sclerites. 26—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. pseudepiphallus, dorsal; 27—Oecanthus lineolatus pseudepiphallus, dorsal, 28—posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite, diagonal, 29—endophallic sclerite, dorsal, 30—ectophallic sclerite, dorsal. Conventions: End.Sc.p—posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite; MLPs—main body of pseudepiphallus; R—rami; Ps.Ap—pseudepiphallic apodemes; arrows—ectophallic sclerite outer branch settled between posterior lobes of endophallic sclerite.
FIGURES 37–42 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 37–42. Ovipositor, subgenital and supra-anal plates. 37—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. ovipositor, dorsal, 39—subgenital plate, 40—supra-anal plate; 38—Oecanthus lineolatus ovipositor, dorsal, 41—subgenital plate, 42—supra-anal plate.
FIGURE 10. Spionid adult morphology. Epithelial glands. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 10. Spionid adult morphology. Epithelial glands. A, Polydora cornuta, neuropodia of segments 6–8, left lateral view, external extensions of secretory cells of glandular pouches situated anterior and ventral to vertical row of hooded hooks. B, Boccardia sp., neuropodia of segments 7–8, left lateral view, external extensions of secretory cells of glandular pouches situated anterior, posterior and ventral to vertical row of hooded hooks. C, Spiophanes sp., segments 4–7, left lateral view, enlarged neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on segments 5–7 with ornamented fiber spreaders (openings of fiber glands) in shape of flying bird. D, Spiophanes sp., segments 11–15, left lateral view, enlarged neuropodial postchaetal lamellae with slit-like openings of fiber glands (fiber spreaders) with protruding hardened secretion. E, Spio sp., anterior segments, ventral view, small paired ventral pores arranged in transverse line on each segment. F, Polydora cornuta, pygidium, rear view, numerous external extensions of epithelial glandular cells with protruding hardened secretion appearing as numerous spicules. an—anus; fs—fiber spreader; gc—external extension of glandular cell; hh—hooded hook; ic—ventral inferior capillary; lo—lateral ciliated organ; ne—neuropodial postchaetal lamella; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; s5–s7—segments 5–7; s12–s15— segments 12–15; sa—ventral inferior sabre chaeta; se—hardened secretion protruding from fiber spreader; vp—ventral pore. Scales: A, F—20 µm. B–E—50 µm.
FIGURE 3. Salivary gland chromosome arms B and F. a in Chironomus polonicus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from southern Poland
FIGURE 3. Salivary gland chromosome arms B and F. a: chromosome BF of Chironomus polonicus sp. n. [band patterns of arm F can compare with the same arm of C. aprilinus (b)]; b: chromosome arm F of Chironoimus aprilinus Kieffer [according to Keyl (1962)]. The arrow indicates the localization of the centromere. Bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 2. Salivary gland chromosome arms A and E. a in Chironomus polonicus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from southern Poland
FIGURE 2. Salivary gland chromosome arms A and E. a: Chromosome arm A of Chironomus piger Strenzke (according to Keyl, 1962); b: Chromosome arm A of Chironomus pseudothummi Strenzke (according to Keyl, 1962); c: Chromosome AE of Chironomus polonicus sp. n. [band patterns of arm A can compare with the same arm of C. piger (a) and C. pseudothummi (b); band patterns of arm E can compare with the same arm of C. pseudothummi (d)]; d: Chromosome arm of Chironomus pseudothummi Strenzke [according to Keyl (1962)]. The arrow indicates the localization of the centromere. Bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 4. Salivary gland chromosome arms C, D and G. a in Chironomus polonicus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from southern Poland
FIGURE 4. Salivary gland chromosome arms C, D and G. a: chromosome CD of C. polonicus sp. n; b: chromosome G of C. polonicus sp. n. BR—Balbiani Ring, NOR—Nucleolar organizer. The arrow indicates the position of the centromere. Bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 9. Neocarus species, glands male. A, N in The family Opilioacaridae (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) in Mexico, description of two new species and notes on biology and geographical distribution
FIGURE 9. Neocarus species, glands male. A, N. veracruzensis Vázquez & Klompen overview idiosoma slide mounted specimen; inset, detail largest gland (CNAC 007222a); B, N. comalensis sp. nov. (CNAC 007218a). Size bars: 100 µm.
and metatarsal trichobothria as well as the bristles and the tibial and metatarsal bristleshaped hairs are drawn but no normal hairs; 6) retrolateral aspect of the left retroclaw IV; 7) genital area in front of the epigastral furrow in which no epiandrous gland spigots are recognizable. Not all of the hairs anteriorly of the pit are drawn; 8) outline of the anterior spinnerets, ventral aspect; 9) retrolateral aspect of the right pedipalpus; 10) prolateral aspect of the right pedipalpus. Only two of the long retrolateral bristle-shaped cymbial hairs are drawn; 11) ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus; 12) slightly different retroventral aspects of the distal part of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = median apophysis, O = proventral-distal outgrowth of the pedipalpal tibia. Scale bars 0.5 mm in figs. 1-2 and 5, 0.05 in fig. 4 and 6, 0.1 in fig. 7, 0.2 in the remaining figs; in On European Spiders Of The Nominal Families Liocranidae, Miturgidae And Zoridae (Araneae), With Descriptions Of New Taxa
and metatarsal trichobothria as well as the bristles and the tibial and metatarsal bristleshaped hairs are drawn but no normal hairs; 6) retrolateral aspect of the left retroclaw IV; 7) genital area in front of the epigastral furrow in which no epiandrous gland spigots are recognizable. Not all of the hairs anteriorly of the pit are drawn; 8) outline of the anterior spinnerets, ventral aspect; 9) retrolateral aspect of the right pedipalpus; 10) prolateral aspect of the right pedipalpus. Only two of the long retrolateral bristle-shaped cymbial hairs are drawn; 11) ventral aspect of the right pedipalpus; 12) slightly different retroventral aspects of the distal part of the right pedipalpus. C = conductor, E = embolus, M = median apophysis, O = proventral-distal outgrowth of the pedipalpal tibia. Scale bars 0.5 mm in figs. 1-2 and 5, 0.05 in fig. 4 and 6, 0.1 in fig. 7, 0.2 in the remaining figs;
Fig. 23. Metapleural gland opening, left lateral view. A. Aneuretus simoni. B. Myrmica americana. C in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies
Fig. 23. Metapleural gland opening, left lateral view. A. Aneuretus simoni. B. Myrmica americana. C. Prionopelta antillana. Abbreviations: a, ventral flap projection; Pl3, metapleuron; Pl3G, metapleural gland opening; IT, propodeum; IIT, tergum of petiole.
Datasets for "Individual and environmental factors influencing preen gland's morphology and physiology in the barn owl (Tyto alba)"
<p><span>Avian preen gland helps birds cope with their environment, although its overall functioning remains unclear. We shed light on the complexity of the preen gland’s functioning by studying how multiple factors associate with gland morphology (size and shape) and physiology (wax secreted) in barn owls (<em>Tyto alba</em>). Individual factors (sex, breeding stage, body condition) were more important predictors of preen gland than environmental factors (temperature, humidity, brood size). Sex, depending on breeding stage in adults, influenced preen gland traits, pointing to the preen gland’s regulation by sex hormones and a greater pressure on females to protect their eggs, offspring and themselves throughout reproduction. Adults and fledglings in better condition had larger glands, pointing to the existence of physiological costs. Temperature and humidity, in interaction with plumage coloration, also influenced but to a lesser extent preen gland traits, suggesting that melanin pigmentation and preen gland act as superseding mechanisms when protecting plumage against microorganisms. Finally, fledglings living in larger broods had larger glands, suggesting a role for the social environment in preen gland’s functioning. Overall, our study supports the idea that preen gland functions in diverse biological contexts within the same species and is thus subject to multiple selective pressures.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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