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852 results for “grain”
Data from: Free energy analysis of peptide-induced pore formation in lipid membranes by bridging atomistic and coarse-grained simulations
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Data from: Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange
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McMurdo Dry Valleys Soil Apatite Grain Weathering Metrics from Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Mineral apatite is the ultimate source of the essential nutrient phosphorus to the soil ecosystem. In order to assess the biogeochemical weathering of apatite grains in the dry, basic soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, we collected nine surface soil samples from the Fryxell and Bonney Basins of Taylor Valley. After separating more than 50 individual soil apatite grains from each sample, we used scanning electron microscopy to quantify the morphology and surface etching of apatite grains to determine the degree of weathering. We developed three metrics to quantify the degree of weathering: aspect ratio, percent crystal faces, and a qualitative pitting index. This dataset contains the raw data from analyzing the morphology of more than 600 grains using the software ImageJ. Samples were collected during January 2013. The samples from the Bonney Basin (LB) were collected 21 Jan 2013, and the samples from the Fryxell Basin (LF) were collected 18 January 2013. Samples were processed and analyzed 2014-2016.
Sediment grain characteristics and clam densities for clam flat surveys during 2010 in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Newbury, Rowley and Ipswich, MA.
In 2010 a study was conducted at five sites in the Rowley and Parker Rivers, Northeast Massachusetts, to determine the distribution and density of soft shell clams along a transect from the high to low tide line, as well as the sediment grain size distribution a t each of the sites.
SGS-LTER Paleopedology Study - soil particle size and grain size on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1992- 1993
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. CPER Paleopedology Study – Particle and Grain Size - Grain size data from 39 pedons were compared with modal fluvial (7) and eolian (3) samples in order to characterize the origin of CPER parent materials and distinguish the origin of CPER geomorphic features. The seven fluvial sites were located along Owl and Eastman Creeks. The three eolian sites were located on the nearest undisputed dune fields located approximately 5 km north of Roggen, CO (Muhs, 1985). For statistical analysis, the sand and coarse silt fractions were shaken in a nest of half phi(0) interval sieves ranging from -1.0 0 (10 mesh) to 4.5 0 (325 mesh) for 3 minutes. Phi intervals (-log2) were utilized to normalize the particle size data for use in conventional statistics (Krumbein, 1934). The silt and clay fractions were separated by sedimentation using the pipette method. Statistical methods adopted from Folk and Ward (1957) were applied to the -1.0 0 to 7.0 0 fractions using the Sedimentary Petrology Computer Program SEDPET (Warner, 1970) to determine mean grain size (Mz), sorting (Iz), skewness (Skz), and kurtosis (Kz). These parameters were then subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis. The clay fraction was not included in the statistical computations to avoid excessively fine skewing the
Sediment grain size in seagrass restoration plots in the Virginia coastal bays, 2010-2016
This dataset contains particle size distributions for sediment samples collected from Z. marina restoration plots in Hog Island Bay and South Bay, VA. Samples were collected every three years starting in 2010 from 64 sites in Hog Island Bay (58 restored seagrass sites, 6 bare sites), and 12 sites in South Bay (6 restored seagrass sites, 6 bare sites). Bare sites in South Bay were no longer sampled after 2013, due to colonization of the sites by seagrass. Restored sites were seeded between 2001-2008; plot-level particle size distributions were combined based on the age of the plots during each sampling year.
Sediment Grain Size Transects on the coast of Virginia, August 2012
Sediment grain size distributions were determined for five sediment sampling transects in four of the coastal bays in Northampton, Co, VA.
Fine-Grained Activities of Daily Living Data with Structural Vibration and Electrical Load Sensing
<p>Fine-grained non-intrusive monitoring of activities of daily living (ADL) enables various smart building applications, including ADL pattern assessments for older adults at risk for loss of safety or independence. We utilize structural vibration sensing and electrical load sensing to acquire multiple fine-grained kitchen activities under a lab structure setting.</p> <p>Each file contains the following values:<br> -RawData: time series of data for each channel (vibration on the table, vibration on the floor, load)<br> -Label: manually fine-grained labels of events<br> -Table: detected events start/stop index for vibration sensor on the table<br> -Floor: detected events start/stop index for vibration sensor on the floor<br> -Load: detected events start/stop index for load sensor<br> <br> Label notation:<br> 1 -- operating the kettle<br> 2 -- kettle on<br> 3 -- operating the microwave<br> 4 -- microwave on<br> 5 -- put things on the stove<br> 6 -- operating with stove<br> 7 -- stove on<br> 8 -- operating vacuum<br> 9 -- sweep floor<br> 10 -- walking/step<br> 11 -- miscellaneous<br> 12 -- synchronization signal (knock on the floor)<br> 13 -- vacant<br> 14 -- microwave door open</p>
Molecular recognition and dynamics of linear poly-ubiquitins: integrating coarse-grain simulations and experiments
<p>Poly-ubiquitin chains are flexible multidomain proteins, whose conformational dynamics enable their molecular recognition by a large number of partners in multiple biological pathways. By using alternative linkage, it is possible to obtain poly-ubiquitin molecules with different dynamical properties. This flexibility is further increased by the possibility to tune the length of poly-ubiquitin chains. Characterizing the dynamics of poly-ubiquitins as a function of their length is thus relevant to understand their biology. Structural characterization of poly-ubiquitin conformational dynamics is challenging both experimentally and computationally due to increasing system size and conformational variability. Here, by developing highly efficient and accurate small-angle X-ray scattering driven Martini coarse-grain simulations, we characterize the dynamics of linear M1-linked di-, tri- and tetra-ubiquitin chains. Our data show that the behavior of the di-ubiquitin subunits is independent of the presence of additional ubiquitin modules. We propose that the conformational space sampled by linear poly-ubiquitins, in general, may follow a simple self-avoiding polymer model. These results, combined with experimental data from small angle X-ray scattering, biophysical techniques and additional simulations show that binding of NEMO, a central regulator in the NF-κB pathway, to linear poly-ubiquitin obeys a 2:1 (NEMO:poly-ubiquitin) stoichiometry in solution, even in the context of four ubiquitin units. Eventually, we show how the conformational properties of long poly-ubiquitins may modulate the binding with their partners in a length-dependent manner.</p>
HADDOCK Coarse-Grained Protein-DNA Docking Dataset
<p>This dataset is the result of the benchmarking done in the publication <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2019.00102/full"><em>MARTINI-Based Protein-DNA Coarse-Grained HADDOCKing</em></a> in which HADDOCK's coarse-grain support is extended to Protein-DNA docking.</p> <p>It contains both the All-atom and Coarse-Grained output of 46 macromolecular complexes derived from the <a href="https://haddock.science.uu.nl/dna/benchmark.html">Protein-DNA benchmark</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn386">10.1093/nar/gkn386</a>) as well as 6 complexes with experimental information, CAPRI Target 95 (PRC1 ubiquitination module bound to the nucleosome) and all new parameters added to HADDOCK.</p>
Research data for "Understanding the geometric diversity of inorganic and hybrid frameworks through structural coarse-graining"
<p>This dataset supports the paper: "Understanding the geometric diversity of inorganic and hybrid frameworks through structural coarse-graining", available at the following DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03287e.</p> <p>The cleaned-up, coarse-grained, and re-scaled structures are provided here in both XYZ and CIF format. The data presented in the journal publication is also included; namely, MDS coordinates, T densities, and A-site heterogeneities for each structure in the dataset. T densities -- defined as: metals per unit volume (nm-3) -- are calculated using the re-scaled structures.</p>
Hierarchical multi-grain models improve descriptions of species' environmental associations, distribution, and abundance
<p>The characterization of species' environmental niches and spatial distribution predictions based on them are now central to much of ecology and conservation, but implicitly requires decisions about the appropriate spatial scale (i.e. <i>grain</i>) of analysis. Ecological theory and empirical evidence suggest that range-resident species respond to their environment at two characteristic, hierarchical spatial grains: (i) <i>response grain</i>, the (relatively fine) grain at which an individual uses environmental resources, and (ii) <i>occupancy grain</i>,<i> </i>the (relatively coarse) grain equivalent to a typical home range. We use a multi-grain (MG) occupancy model, aided by fine-grain remotely sensed imagery, to simultaneously estimate species-environment associations at both grains, conduct grain optimization to measure response grain, and apply this analysis framework to an example species: a medium-sized bird (<i>Tockus deckeni</i>) in a heterogeneous East African landscape. Based on home range analysis of movement data, we calculate an occupancy grain of 1km for <i>T. deckeni</i>. Using a grain optimization procedure across 32 grains from 10m to 500m, we identify 60m as the most strongly supported response grain for a suite of environmental variables, slightly coarser than opportunistic behavioral observations would have suggested. Validation confirms that the accuracy of the optimized MG occupancy model substantially exceeds that of equivalent single-grain (SG) occupancy models. We further use a simulation approach to assess the potential impacts of accounting for the multi-scale structure of species' environmental requirements on estimates of population size. We find that the more strongly supported MG approach consistently predicts a minimum population sizes in the study landscape that is much lower than that provided by the SG model. This suggests that SG approaches commonly used in conservation applications could lead to overly optimistic abundance and population estimates and that the MG approach may be more appropriate for supporting species conservation goals. More generally, we conclude that multi-grain approaches of the sort presented, and increasingly enabled by growing high-resolution remotely sensed data, hold great promise for offering a more mechanistic framework for assessing the appropriate grain(s) for population monitoring and management and enable more reliable estimates of abundances and species' distributions.</p>
Data from: Validation of grain yield QTL from soft winter wheat using a CIMMYT spring wheat panel
Validation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is an essential step in marker-assisted breeding. The objectives of this study were to validate grain yield (GY) QTLs previously identified in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through biparental and association mapping using the spring wheat association mapping initiative (WAMI) panel from CIMMYT, Mexico, and to identify allele combinations of the validated QTLs that resulted to the highest GY. Linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms for IWA3560 (3A), IWA1818 (4B), and IWA755 (6B) were significantly associated (P < 0.001) with GY, grain number, and thousand-grain weight in the WAMI. Lines possessing the favorable allele for the QTL at the 3A, 4B, and 6B loci (ACG allele combination) validated on the WAMI had the highest mean GY at 4.55 t ha−1, but three other haplotypes (ACA, GCA, and GCG) differing by one or two alleles in the validated QTL regions were not significantly different. These results validate GY QTLs across winter and spring wheat through genome-wide association analysis and further demonstrate the potential for pyramiding favorable alleles for the genetic improvement of wheat breeding populations.
Data from: Effects of grain size and niche breadth on species distribution modeling
Scale is a vital component to consider in ecological research, and spatial resolution or grain size is one of its key facets. Species distribution models (SDMs) are prime examples of ecological research in which grain size is an important component. Despite this, SDMs rarely explicitly examine the effects of varying the grain size of the predictors for species with different niche breadths. To investigate the effect of grain size and niche breadth on SDMs, we simulated four virtual species with different grain sizes/niche breadths using three environmental predictors (elevation, aspect, and percent forest) across two real landscapes of differing heterogeneity in predictor values. We aggregated these predictors to seven different grain sizes and modeled the distribution of each of our simulated species using MaxEnt and GLM techniques at each grain size. We examined model accuracy using the AUC statistic, Pearson's correlations of predicted suitability with the true suitability, and the binary area of presence determined from suitability above the maximum True Skill Statistic (TSS) threshold. Habitat specialists were more accurately modeled than generalist species, and the models constructed at the grain size from which a species was derived generally performed the best. The accuracy of models in the homogenous landscape deteriorated with increasing grain size to a greater degree than models in the heterogenous landscape. Variable effects on the model varied with grain size, with elevation increasing in importance as grain size increased while aspect lost importance. The area of predicted presence was drastically affected by grain size, with larger grain sizes over predicting this value by up to a factor of 14. Our results have implications for species distribution modeling and conservation planning, and we suggest more studies include analysis of grain size as part of their protocol.
Insecticidal activity of Lantana camara extract oil on controlling maize grain weevils
<p>Currently farmers are faced by serious post-harvest problems from weevils especially in storage of grains. When grains exposed to insects they become less marketable and loss quality of grain. In this study the insecticidal property of methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracted oil from Lantana Camara leaf for controlling of maize weevils, Sitophilus Zeamais were studied. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the chemical composition and Functional group of solvent extracted oil respectively. Adult weevil's repellency and mortality were studied by the effect of extract oil concentration at 0% (w/w), 2% (w/w), 3% (w/w), 5% (w/w), 7% (w/w), and 10% (w/w) to weight of grain maize and exposed days. Repellency effect was also conducted at 6, 12 and 24 h at different concentration oil. The number of weevil's death increases significantly as exposed time increases. The extracted oil by the three-solvent fraction had direct repellent and toxic effect to the weevil. From all treatment applied, extracted by methanol fraction had showed highest percentage mortality (74%). The lowest mortality rate was observed in ethyl acetate fraction oil (26%), at 2% (w/w) concentration. The effect of lantana Camara leaf powder and extracted oil on repellency and mortality was showed directly proportional to concentration dosage.</p>
Ecological impacts of pesticide seed treatments on arthropod communities in a grain crop rotation
<p>1. While many studies have investigated non-target impacts of neonicotinoid seed treatments (NSTs), they usually take place within a single crop and focus on specific pest or beneficial arthropod taxa.</p> <p>2. We compared the impacts of three seed treatments to an untreated control: imidacloprid + fungicide products, thiamethoxam + fungicide products, and fungicide products alone in a three-year crop rotation of full-season soybean, winter wheat, double-cropped soybean and maize. Specifically, we quantified neonicotinoid residues in the soil and in weedy winter annual flower buds and examined treatment impacts on soil and foliar arthropod communities as well as on plant growth and yield.</p> <p>3. Unquantifiably low amounts of insecticide were found in winter annual flowers of one species in one site year, which did not correspond with our treatments. Although low levels of insecticide residues were present in the soil, residues were not persistent. Residues were highest in the final year of the study, suggesting some accumulation.</p> <p>4. We observed variable impacts of NSTs on the arthropod community; principle response curve and redundancy analyses exhibited occasional treatment effects, with treatments impacting the abundance of various taxa, including predators and parasitoids. Overall, foliar taxa were impacted more than soil taxa, and the fungicides occasionally effected communities and individual taxa.</p> <p>5. Pest pressure was low throughout the study, and although pest numbers were reduced by the insecticides, corresponding increases in yield were not observed.</p> <p>6. <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Pesticide seed treatments can impact arthropod taxa, including important natural enemies even when environmental persistence and active ingredient concentrations are low. The foliar community in winter wheat showed that in some cases, these impacts can last for several months after planting. Given the low pest pressure and lack of yield improvement in full-season and double-cropped soybean, winter wheat, and maize, we did not observe benefits that could justify the risks associated with neonicotinoid seed treatment (NST) use. Our results suggest that NSTs are not warranted in Maryland grain production, outside of specific instances of high pest pressure.</p>
Packaging for Kefir Grains
The box for Chulamski's Kefir Grains, along with the raw material in it, comes from the "Pod Gwiazdą" ["The Star"] pharmacy in Lwów, which was owned by Piotr Mikolasch. The box contains dry kefir grains (Lat. dispora caucasica), from which one could prepare kefir. The grains, also called kefir mushrooms, are clusters of many species of bacteria, lactic acid, acetic acid and yeast responsible for lactic and alcoholic fermentation, which takes place during the production of kefir. The drink was produced by members of many tribes, including Ossetians, Balkars, Bezhta and Chamalal. ID no.: Teka 10/55 Time of creation: 2nd half of the 19th century Museum: The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1755 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Remington UMC-223 Remington-MC-55 Grain-200 Roun
Your life is equal to nine grams. And they are already flying, flying to meet you, Maybe not even killed - just cripple. (с) LUMEN Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Grain Boundary Sliding in Tin
<p>Grain boundary sliding is an important deformation mechanism that contributes to creep and superplastic forming. In tin-based lead-free solders grain boundary sliding can make significant contributions to in service performance. Novel microcompression tests designed to isolate individual grain boundaries and assess their mechanical resistance to sliding were conducted on tin. The boundary sliding deformation was more obvious for smaller sample cross-sections and made a larger contribution to the overall deformation. As with dislocation and twinning mediated plasticity there was a significant size effect in which the resistance to grain boundary sliding increases as the sample size is reduced.</p> <p> </p> <p>The two Excel files contain:</p> <p>1. stress-displacement curves from compression tests made on micro-pillars of different sizes cut in the bi-crystal and the two constituent single crystals.</p> <p>2. flow stress versus pillar size for the bi-crystal and the two constituent single crystals, along with the percentage of total deformation contributed by grain boundary sliding in the bi-crystal test pieces as a function of size.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 3. - Pollen grains collected by Xylocopanasalis; Some representations of pollens collected from pollen masses of Xylocopanasalis. The "major" pollen sources: Fagaceae, Castanopsis sp. (3a); Elaeagnaceae, Elaeagnuscf.latifolia (3b); Fabaceae, Cassia sp. (3c and 3d), Sennasiamea (3e and 3f); Acanthaceae, Thunbergia (3g and 3h).
Figure 3. - Pollen grains collected by Xylocopanasalis; Some representations of pollens collected from pollen masses of Xylocopanasalis. The "major" pollen sources: Fagaceae, Castanopsis sp. (3a); Elaeagnaceae, Elaeagnuscf.latifolia (3b); Fabaceae, Cassia sp. (3c and 3d), Sennasiamea (3e and 3f); Acanthaceae, Thunbergia (3g and 3h).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.