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9,798 results for “muscles”
Effect of burosumab on muscle function and strength, and rates of ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle in adults with X-linked Hypophosphatemia
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Context: </strong>Burosumab, a neutralizing antibody to FGF23, is approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia. In clinical trials burosumab improves symptoms of pain, fatigue and stiffness and improves performance on certain muscle function studies.</p> <p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine if burosumab would increase ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle of treatment-naïve adults with XLH and if so whether that correlated with improved muscle function.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten symptomatic adults, who had not received any treatment for XLH for years, had ATP synthesis rates assessed in the soleus/gastrocnemius muscle complex of the right calf using the <sup>31</sup>P magnetic resonance spectroscopy saturation transfer technique. Baseline muscle function tests and symptoms of pain, fatigue, stiffness and lower extremity joint pain were quantified. All participants were treated with burosumab, 1 mg/kg every four weeks for 12 weeks. ATP synthesis rates and muscle function tests were repeated 2-weeks (“peak”) and 4-weeks (“trough”) after the third dose of burosumab.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain, fatigue, stiffness and lower extremity joint pain all improved with treatment. Performance on the 6-Minute Walk and Sit to Stand tests also improved significantly. Performance on the Timed Up and Go test did not significantly improve (p = 0.057). Muscle strength, measured by dynamometry, did not change significantly in either the upper or lower extremities during the study. ATP synthesis rates did not change over the three months of study in the group as whole. In a sub-analysis comparing individuals whose performances on the 6-Minute Walk Test and Sit to Stand tests were at or better than the mean outcome for those tests, to those whose outcomes were below the mean, no difference was observed in the rate of change in ATP synthesis rates. Despite profound and prolonged hypophosphatemia at baseline, intracellular muscle concentrations of phosphorus were normal.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The improvement in the 6-Minute Walk Test and Sit to Stand tests without any observed change in either upper or lower extremity muscle strength or ATP synthesis rates, suggests that improvement in pain, fatigue and stiffness may explain, at least in part, the improved performance on these two tests. The preserved intracellular phosphate levels suggests that adaptive mechanisms are present in skeletal muscle that insulate intracellular phosphorus from life-long FGF23-mediaed hypophosphatemia.</p>
Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks
<p>Diving animals must sustain high activity with limited O<sub>2</sub> stores to successfully capture prey. Studies suggest that increasing body O<sub>2</sub> stores supports breath-hold diving, but less is known about metabolic specializations that underlie underwater locomotion. We measured maximal activities of 10 key enzymes in locomotory muscles (gastrocnemius, pectoralis) to identify biochemical changes associated with diving in pathways of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation and compared them across three groups of ducks — the strong diving sea ducks (<em>Mergini</em>, 8 spp.), the mid-tier diving pochards (<em>Aythyini</em>, 3 spp.), and the non-diving dabblers (<em>Anatini</em>, 5 spp.). Relative to dabblers, both diving groups had increased activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and sea ducks further showed increases in citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-coA dehydrogenase (HOAD). Both diving groups had relative decreases in capacity for anaerobic metabolism (lower ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to CS), with sea ducks also showing a greater capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and lipid oxidation (lower ratio of pyruvate kinase to CS, higher ratio of HOAD to hexokinase). These data suggest that the locomotory muscles of diving ducks are specialized for sustaining high rates of aerobic metabolism, emphasizing the importance of body O<sub>2</sub> stores for dive performance in these species.</p>
Myomatrix arrays for high-definition muscle recording
Neurons coordinate their activity to produce an astonishing variety of motor behaviors. Our present understanding of motor control has grown rapidly thanks to new methods for recording and analyzing populations of many individual neurons over time. In contrast, current methods for recording the nervous system's actual motor output – the activation of muscle fibers by motor neurons – typically cannot detect the individual electrical events produced by muscle fibers during natural behaviors and scale poorly across species and muscle groups. Here we present a novel class of electrode devices ("Myomatrix arrays") that record muscle activity at cellular resolution across muscles and behaviors. High-density, flexible electrode arrays allow for stable recordings from the muscle fibers activated by a single motor neuron, called a "motor unit", during natural behaviors in many species, including mice, rats, primates, songbirds, frogs, and insects. This technology therefore allows the nervous system's motor output to be monitored in unprecedented detail during complex behaviors across species and muscle morphologies. We anticipate that this technology will allow rapid advances in understanding the neural control of behavior and in identifying pathologies of the motor system.
Data from: A hierarchical model for external electrical control of an insect, accounting for inter-individual variation of muscle force properties
<p>Cyborg control of insect movement is promising for developing miniature, high-mobility, and efficient biohybrid robots. However, considering the inter-individual variation of the insect neuromuscular apparatus and its neural control is challenging. We propose a hierarchical model including inter-individual variation of muscle properties of three leg muscles 14 involved in propulsion (retractor coxae), joint stiffness (pro- and retractor coxae), and stance-swing transition (protractor coxae and levator trochanteris) in the stick insect Carausius morosus. To estimate mechanical effects induced by external muscle stimulation, the model is based on the systematic evaluation of joint torques as functions of electrical stimulation parameters. A nearly linear relationship between the stimulus burst duration and generated torque was observed. This stimulus-torque characteristic holds for burst durations of up to 500ms, corresponding to the stance and swing phase durations of medium to fast walking stick insects. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling revealed that linearity of the stimulus-torque characteristic was invariant, with individually varying slopes. Individual prediction of joint torques provides significant benefits for precise cyborg control.</p>
Association of fat-to-muscle ratio with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a single-centre retrospective study
<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Sarcopenia is a known risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies evaluating the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and NAFLD are limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between FMR and NAFLD.</p> <p><strong>Design:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted on the individuals who underwent health examination in Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2020 and November 2021. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records.</p> <p><strong>Setting:</strong> Our study was conducted in a hospital in China.</p> <p><strong>Participants:</strong> A total of 1,592 participants aged ≥40 years who underwent body composition analysis and liver ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed.</p> <p><strong>Primary outcome measures:</strong> Liver ultrasonography was used to assess liver steatosis, and the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) was used to calculate the risk scores for liver fibrosis. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction model was used to calculate ASCVD risk scores.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The FMR was significantly higher in individuals with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (P<0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increased from FMR tertile 1 (reference) to tertile 2 (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.13–1.97) and tertile 3 (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.08–3.90). In addition, patients with NAFLD in FMR tertile 3 had a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis (OR=4.48, 95% CI: 2.12–9.50) and ASCVD (OR=4.63, 95% CI: 2.62–8.19) than those in FMR tertile 1 after adjustment for multiple confounders.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, we found a significant association between FMR and NAFLD. A higher FMR indicates a higher risk of NAFLD in the study population and a higher risk of liver fibrosis and ASCVD in NAFLD patients.</p>
DATA SET: In vivo characterization of the optical and hemodynamic properties of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle through ultrasound-guided hybrid near-infrared spectroscopies.
<p>This repository contains the data sets of the article:</p><p>L. Cortese et al., "In vivo characterization of the optical and hemodynamic properties of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle through ultrasound-guided hybrid near-infrared spectroscopies."</p>
Early Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation For Quadriceps Muscle Activation Deficits Following Total Knee Replacement
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00800254. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Atezolizumab in Treating Patients With Recurrent BCG-Unresponsive Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02844816. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Pectoralis and Serratus Muscle Blocks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03743194. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of GTx-024 on Muscle Wasting (Cachexia) Cancer.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00467844. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone With or Without Immunoglobulin in Treating Abnormal Muscle Movement in Children With Neuroblastoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00033293. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Effects of Nebivolol on Skeletal Muscle During Exercise in Hypertensive Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01501929. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 24.
Muscle Architecture and Muscle Strength in Fibromyalgia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06378788. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Effects of Foot Muscle Strengthening in Daily Activity in Diabetic Neuropathic Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02790931. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Trial Evaluating Postop Pain and Muscle Strength Among Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Ambulatory ACL Reconstruction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02584452. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Efficacy of a Controlled Short-term Trial of Cannabidiol (CBD) Ingestion on Reducing Symptomatic Response and Facilitating Recovery After Induced Muscle Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04586712. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Techniques and Mulligan Mobilization Along With Conventional Physical Therapy in Knee Joint Osteoarthritis Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06954363. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Exploratory Muscle Biopsy Assessment Study in Patients With Late-Onset Pompe Disease Treated With Alglucosidase Alfa
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01288027. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
Muscle Regrowth During Physical Rehabilitation and Amino Acid Supplementation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00760383. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
A Phase 3 Study of UGN-102 for Low-Grade Intermediate-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04688931. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 10. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.