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1,465 results for “resilience”
Long-term resilience of primary sex ratios in a species with temperature dependent sex determination after decades of climate warming
<p><span>Species with environmental sex determination (ESD) have persisted through deep time, despite massive environmental perturbation in the geological record. Understanding how species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), a type of ESD, persist through climate change is particularly timely given the current climate crisis, as highly biased sex ratios and extinction are predicted. Since 1982, we have studied primary sex ratios of a reptile with TSD (<em>Chelydra serpentina</em></span><span>). Primary sex ratios remained unchanged over time, despite warming in the environment. Resilience of the primary sex ratio occurred via a portfolio effect, realized through remarkable intra-annual variation in nest-level sex ratios, leading to a relatively consistent mean annual sex ratio. Intra-annual variation in nest-level sex ratios was related to variation in egg burial depth coupled with large clutch sizes, creating thermal gradients in the nest, and promoting mixed-sex clutches. Further, both locally and globally, sustained increases in nighttime air temperature contribute more to warming than increases in daily maximum temperature, but development rate was affected more strongly by maximum daily air temperature, conferring additional resilience to overall warming. Our study suggests that some TSD species may be resilient to warming and provides an example of how ESD may persist under environmental change.</span><span><br></span></p>
Resilient 3D-Printed Infrastructure with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)
<p>Conventional construction of reinforced concrete structures is slow, labor-intensive, and expensive. 3D printing holds great potential to assist engineers and architects in constructing fast and economical yet complex representational infrastructures. One of the most significant barriers to the broader adoption of concrete 3D printing in civil infrastructure is the difficulty of providing printed structural components with reinforcement to achieve sound structural performance under different loading conditions. Hence, it is essential to design concrete that can be utilized as a rebar-free material by considering strength and ductility. Recently, the development of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) has neared the possibility to achieve both strength and ductility in the concrete structures without embedding steel reinforcement. ECC has been offered to enhance the problem related to the ductility and low tensile strength of traditional concrete and Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRC). As such, the implementation of intrinsically reinforced cementitious materials has the potential to address this barrier in the reinforcement of 3D-printed concrete and yields significant benefits such as an enhanced structural capacity, durability, and resiliency. This project proposes the development of ECC materials utilizing readily available ingredients in Region 6 with rheological characteristics tailored specifically for 3D printing applications. Furthermore, the project aims to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the hardened properties of 3D-printed ECC specimens, including mechanical tests.</p>
Resilient consumers accelerate the plant decomposition in a naturally acidified seagrass ecosystem
<p>Anthropogenic stressors are predicted to alter biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. However, scaling up from species to ecosystem responses poses a challenge, as species and functional groups can exhibit different capacities to adapt, acclimate, and compensate under changing environments. We used a naturally acidified seagrass ecosystem (the endemic <em>Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica</em>) as a model system to examine how ocean acidification (OA) modifies the community structure and functioning of plant detritivores, which play vital roles in the coastal nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. In seagrass beds associated with volcanic CO2 vents (Ischia, Italy), we quantified the effects of OA on seagrass decomposition by deploying litterbags in three distinct pH zones (i.e., ambient, low, extreme low pH), which differed in the mean and variability of seawater pH. We replicated the study in two discrete vents for 117 days (litterbags sampled on day 5, 10, 28, 55, and 117). Acidification reduced seagrass detritivore richness and diversity through the loss of less abundant, pH-sensitive species but increased the abundance of the dominant detritivore (amphipod <em>Gammarella fucicola</em>). Such compensatory shifts in species abundance caused more than a three-fold increase in the total detritivore abundance in lower pH zones. These community changes were associated with increased consumption (52-112%) and decay of seagrass detritus (up to 67% faster decomposition rate for the slow-decaying, refractory detrital pool) under acidification. Seagrass detritus deployed in acidified zones showed increased N content and decreased C:N ratio, indicating that altered microbial activities under OA may have affected the decay process. The findings suggest that OA could restructure consumer assemblages and modify plant decomposition in blue carbon ecosystems, which may have important implications for carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, and trophic transfer. Our study highlights the importance of within-community response variability and compensatory processes in modulating ecosystem functions under extreme global change scenarios.</p>
Termite diversity is resilient to land-use change
<p>Cocoa is an important crop for Ghana's economy, contributing 25% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The crop, however, is mainly cultivated on forest-derived soils and is a major cause of land-use change. Termites are an important biological component of tropical ecosystems providing numerous ecosystem services. Previous studies have indicated that termites are sensitive to forest disturbance and decrease in richness and abundance across land-use intensification gradients, with consequences for the essential services that they provide. Native shade trees are often used to improve cocoa cultivation and may reduce the detrimental effects of land-use change on some aspects of biodiversity. The aim of this study was therefore to explore how termites respond to land-use change along a shade-tree gradient in Kakum National Park and surrounding cocoa farms in Ghana (from forest at 80% tree cover to cocoa with no shade cover, to the extreme of cultivated arable crop land). It was predicted that termite richness and abundance would decrease with decreasing shade cover, and with increasing distance from the forest edge. Thirty-four species from 29 genera were sampled, with Ancistrotermes crucifer being found in all the locations (47% of all encounters). Species richness and abundance differed marginally across the land-use gradient, as well as the distance from the forest edge, however, species richness did not show any significance with distance. All the same, termite communities were robust to the disturbance. Our findings suggest that though site influenced species richness and abundance, cocoa trees can play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and environmental quality in an agricultural landscape by providing a habitat for forest species that are not found in pastures or farm fields. However, we caution that the relatively low forest baseline of existing forest diversity may inflate the value of cocoa land, with those forests no longer representing undisturbed natural habitats: this highlights that shifting baselines may need to be accounted for when interpreting findings in the Anthropocene.</p>
Growth resilience of conifer species decreases with early, long-lasting and intense droughts but cannot be explained by hydraulic traits
<p><span>Drought events may reduce growth and survival of conifer trees. The effects of the intensity and timing of drought on the growth resilience, including growth reductions during drought and recovery of growth after drought, remains however highly uncertain.</span></p> <p><span>Growth resilience of 20 conifer species to 11 dry years was compared in a common garden experiment. We assessed 1) the relationships among growth resistance, recovery and resilience, 2) the impacts of different drought dimensions (intensity, onset and length) on resistance, and 3) the underlying mechanisms in terms of growth potential and hydraulic traits. </span></p> <p><span>Droughts led to 22% reduction in stem growth for 85% of species, but most species (85%) were resilient due to high recovery. Growth resistance decreased with an early onset of drought (significant for 55% of species), and longer lasting (35%) and intense droughts (60%). While </span><span>fast-growing species and slow-growing species were similar in resistance and recovery, fast-growing species were more resilient. </span><span>Unexpectedly, resilience could not be explained by hydraulic traits, possibly because the species grew on poor sandy soils and were acclimated to drought with large hydraulic safety margins.</span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis </em>Our study shows that in a mild maritime climate almost all conifer species are resilient to drought, and that putative hydraulic traits may be less important here for growth resilience. It also highlights the importance of addressing multiple dimensions of drought, i.e., timing, duration and severity, to predict species responses to climate change.</span></p>
Development of a Multi-Level Dynamic Model to Measure the Resilience Level of Transportation Infrastructure Networks
<p>The recent increase in disasters is making the largest critical infrastructure system namely the transportation infrastructure system susceptible to unexpected damage. Discontinuation of services provided by transportation infrastructures will create significant societal, economic, and collateral damages. Therefore, this study aims to identify dimensions to measure the resilience of the transportation infrastructures. This study also aims to develop a model to measure the resilience of the transportation infrastructures resilience. To fulfill the aims of this study, a questionnaire was developed which was supported by a comprehensive literature review. 92 valid responses were received and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Statistically significant variables were used to develop a resilience measurement tool. The developed tool will provide relative resilience measures for multiple projects which will help in identifying the most vulnerable segment of the transportation infrastructure network. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the constructs and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to develop the model. Without previous experience in reconstruction works, handling integrated assets becomes very critical. Also, such inexperience makes it difficult to handle emergency resources properly. However, such issues regarding integrated assets can be resolved by investing in locating integrated assets away from the roadways, so if a break in a railroad crossing or utility line occurs or emergency repairs are needed, the impact on the roadway operations can be minimized. To avoid issues related to access to previous disaster data for the roadway this study suggess investing in preparing an interactive online platform for recording and reviewing data related to disasters as well as previous resilience enhancing activities for the roadway with easy access credentials. The findings of this study will support practitioners and decision-makers in investing in the appropriate resilience enhancement activity project for funding and investment.</p>
Pre-generated network files for "Intersecting near-optimal spaces: European power systems with more resilience to weather variability"
<p>These are network files that can be used to investigate the impacts of weather variability on the European power system using PyPSA-Eur as in <a href="https://github.com/aleks-g/intersecting-near-opt-spaces/tree/v1.0">https://github.com/aleks-g/intersecting-near-opt-spaces/tree/v1.0</a>. Find more information about the approach in the README of that repository.</p> <p>These network files are a shortcut to reproduce the results and use a fixed configuration ("v1.0"). For other configurations, it may be necessary to download ERA5 reanalysis cutouts (more on this in the git repository).</p> <p>Instructions can be found in the git repository.</p>
Still standing: the heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress
<p>This is the dataset for the article "<strong>Still standing: the heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress</strong>".</p> <p>This experimental study focused on the heat-protective mutualism between the pea aphid <strong><em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em></strong> and the facultative bacterium <strong><em>Serratia symbiotica</em></strong>. We exposed two aphid lines (5A: deprived of <em><strong>S. symbiotica</strong></em>, 5AR: infected by <strong><em>S. symbiotica</em></strong>) to a varying number of heat shocks (35°C for 2 h) applied during insect immature development: none (control), one, two, or three. We recorded aphid immature survival rate, total longevity, immature development time, lifetime fecundity and hind tibia length (body size).</p> <p>. Individual = identification of the individual</p> <p>. Line = aphid clonal line, either deprived of (5A) or infected by <em><strong>S. symbiotica</strong> </em>(5AR)</p> <p>. Temp = thermal treatment, defined by the number of heat shocks applied during aphid juvenile life (0 = control, 1, 2 or 3)</p> <p>. Survival = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual survived until reproduction </p> <p>. Adulthood = time elapsed between birth and first reproduction (in days)</p> <p>. Longevity = time elapsed between birth and death (in days)</p> <p>. Fecundity = total number of larvae produced by each aphid throughout lifetime</p> <p>. Wing = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual developed wings following imaginal moult</p> <p>. Tibia = hind tibia length as a proxy of body size (in mm)</p>
Richness and resilience in the Pacific: DNA metabarcoding enables parallelized evaluation of biogeographic patterns
<p><span>Islands make up a large proportion of Earth's biodiversity, yet are also some of the most sensitive systems to environmental perturbation. Biogeographic theory predicts that geologic age, area, and isolation typically drive islands' diver</span><span>sity patterns, and thus potentially impact non-native spread and community homogenization across island systems. One limitation in testing such predictions has been the difficulty of performing comprehensive inventories of island biotas and distinguishing native from introduced taxa. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding and statistical modeling as a high throughput method to survey community-wide arthropod richness, the proportion of native and non-native species, and the incursion of non-natives into primary habitats on three archipelagos in the Pacific - the Ryukyus, the Marianas and Hawaii - which vary in age, isolation and area. Diversity patterns largely match expectations based on island biogeography theory, with the oldest and most geographically connected archipelago, the Ryukyus, showing the highest taxonomic richness and the lowest proportion of introduced species. Moreover, we find evidence that forest habitats are more resilient to incursions of non-natives in the Ryukyus than in the less taxonomically rich archipelagos. Surprisingly, we do not find evidence for biotic homogenization across these three archipelagos: the assemblage of non-native species on each island is highly distinct. Our study demonstrates the potential of DNA metabarcoding to facilitate rapid estimation of biogeographic patterns, the spread of non-native species, and the resilience of ecosystems.</span></p>
A single genomic region involving a putative chromosome rearrangement in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is associated with differential host resilience to the parasite Bonamia ostreae
<p>European flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) is an ecologically and economically important marine bivalve, that has been severely affected by the intracellular parasite <em>Bonamia ostreae</em>. In this study, a flat oyster SNP array (~14,000 SNPs) was used to validate previously reported outlier loci for divergent selection associated with <em>B. ostreae</em> exposure in the Northeast Atlantic Area. A total of 134 wild and hatchery individuals from the North Sea, collected in naïve (NV) and long-term affected (LTA) areas, were analysed. Genetic diversity and differentiation were related to the sampling origin (wild vs hatchery) when using neutral markers, and to bonamiosis status (NV vs LTA) when using outlier loci for divergent selection. Two genetic clusters appeared intermingled in all sampling locations when using outlier loci and their frequency was associated with their bonamiosis status. When both clusters were compared, outlier datasets showed high genetic divergence (FST > 0.25) unlike neutral loci (FST not ≠ 0). Moreover, the cluster associated with LTA samples showed much higher genetic diversity and significant heterozygote excess with outlier loci, but not with neutral data. Most outliers mapped on chromosome 8 (OE-C8) of the flat oyster genome, supporting a main genomic region underlying resilience to bonamiosis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes previously reported between NV and LTA strains showed higher mapping density on OE-C8. A range of relevant immune functions were specifically enriched among genes annotated on OE-C8, providing hypotheses for resilience mechanisms to an intracellular parasite. The results suggest that marker-assisted selection could be applied to breed resilient strains of <em>O. edulis</em> to bonamiosis, if lower parasite load and/or higher viability of the LTA genetic cluster following <em>B. ostreae</em> infection is demonstrated.</p>
Datasets for the publication " Enhancing drought resilience and energy security through complementing hydro by offshore wind power - the case of Brazil"
<p>This repository contains the datasets for the publication "Enhancing drought resilience and energy security through complementing hydro by offshore wind power - the case of Brazil".</p> <ul> <li><strong>Bias correction</strong></li> <li>Technical data of existing farms (ABBEólica) </li> <li>Bias correction factors at the farm level</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Demand</strong></li> <li>Simulated wind and solar power</li> <li>Biomass, nuclear, and small hydropower generation in 2019</li> <li>Raw demand data</li> <li>Updated demand </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Hydropower time series</strong></li> <li>Affluent Natural energy of run-of-rivers (fio d'água, in Portuguese) and reservoirs (reservatórios, in Portuguese), installed capacity, and maximal storage</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Offshore wind farms</strong></li> <li>Locations, coordinates, water depth, available areas, water depth, distance to shore, technology,and maximal capacity;</li> <li>Code to estimate offshore wind farm capex and opex.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Results of Calliope model </strong></li> <li>capacity</li> <li>carrier_prod (power generation)</li> <li>storage</li> <li>costs</li> <li>emissions</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Mapping the ecological resilience of Atlantic postglacial heaths
<p>Anthropogenic heathlands are semi-cultural ecosystems with a unique cultural and biodiversity value, considered worthy of preservation across most of the world. Their rate of loss, however, is alarming. Currently, we know little about the heathlands' actual span of instability and their association with abiotic and anthropogenic factors, including how much additional intervention they need to persist. Consequently, we are missing out on vital knowledge for conservation, management, and the historical persistence of heathlands. This paper develops a method to assess the ecological resilience of Atlantic inland heaths in the absence of human management. We use 12 existing cases of heathland succession to establish a four-step resilience grade for each site, which we regress onto a series of explaining factors and use in predicting postglacial heath resilience across Atlantic Northern Europe. We find that temperature, humidity, elevation and sandiness have a positive correlation with high heathland resilience. Our predictive mapping shows an uneven distribution of ecological heath resilience across Atlantic Northern Europe within an area of 1000x1200 km of 5x5 km resolution. Compared with archaeological and palaeoecological evidence, prehistoric heathland distributions far exceed areas that afford high heath resilience, suggesting that heath distribution and persistence depends on both abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Policy implications: The predictive map can be used as an initial screening tool for managers working towards heath preservation and restoration to predict resilience, prioritize conservation, and to plan management practices across Atlantic Northern Europe. The developed model and predictive map provide an important initial screening tool to assess heathland resilience for ecologists and will help managers to prioritize conservation efforts of heathland ecosystems. The results are equally relevant for scholars who are interested in humans' role in increasing and decreasing ecosystem resilience. Moreover, we speculate that our predictive method can be applied in other regions across the world by adding regionally-specific variables.</p>
Conifer seedling demography reveals mechanisms of initial forest resilience to wildfires in the northern Rocky Mountains
<p>Climate warming and an increased frequency and severity of wildfires are expected to transform forest ecosystems, in part through altered post-fire vegetation trajectories. Such a loss of forest resilience to wildfires arises due to a failure to pass through one or more critical demographic stages, or "filters," including seed availability, germination, establishment, and survival. Here we quantify the relative influence of microclimate and microsite conditions on key stages of post-fire seedling demography in two large, lightning-ignited wildfires from the regionally extensive fire season of 2017 in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. We tracked conifer seedling density, survival, and growth in the first three years post-fire in 69 plots spanning gradients in fire severity, topography, and climate; all plots were limited to within 100 m of a seed source to assure seed availability. Microclimate conditions were inferred based on measurements in a subset of 46 plots. We found abundant post-fire conifer regeneration, with a median of 2,633 seedlings per hectare after three years, highlighting early resilience to wildfire. This robust regeneration was due in part to moderate post-fire climate conditions, supporting high survivorship (>50% on average) of all seedlings tracked over the study period (n = 763). A statistical model based on variables describing potential seed availability, microclimate, fire severity, understory vegetation, and soil nitrogen availability explained 75% of the variability in seedling density among plots. This analysis highlights the overarching importance of fine-scale heterogeneity in fire effects, which determine microclimate conditions and create diverse microsites for seedlings, ultimately facilitating post-fire tree regeneration. Our study elucidates mechanisms of forest resilience to wildfires and demonstrates the utility of a demographic perspective for anticipating forest responses to future wildfires under changing environmental conditions.</p>
New Findings on Existing Resilient Modulus Constitutive Models through Performance Comparison on LTPP Data
<p>This dataset is the result of the study entitled, "New Findings on Existing Resilient Modulus Constitutive Models through Performance Comparison on LTPP Data".</p>
Resilience of a tropical montane pine forest to fire and severe droughts
<p><span>1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states.</span></p> <p><span>2. This study focused on long-term dynamics of montane <em>Pinus</em> <em>occidentalis</em> forests in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km<sup>2</sup> fire in 2005, the largest since 1965</span>. <span>We used long-term records to investigate climate before and after the fire and a 19-year dataset of pre- and post-fire vegetation change from a network of 55 permanent plots (20 small </span>0.05 ha<span> plots and 35 large 0.1 ha plots) established in 1999 to model overstorey and understorey vegetation dynamics. </span></p> <p><span>3. The 2005 fire was synchronized with the most extreme drought in the region in over 60 years. The fire burned from < 1600 to > 3000 m a.s.l. in elevation across windward and leeward slopes, creating a mosaic of low-, moderate-, and high-severity patches. L</span><span>ower elevations</span><span>, </span><span>leeward slopes, and stands </span><span>with a higher proportion of smaller pine trees</span><span> all burned at higher severities. </span></p> <p><span>4. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire remained lower than pre-fire rates 13 years after the fire. The </span><span>highest mortality rates were soon after the fire and in the census immediately after the post-fire droughts</span><span>. Post-fire pine seedling abundance was significantly greater in stands with higher basal area of live canopy trees and significantly reduced by increased shrub abundance in the understorey. Understorey composition recovered rapidly to pre-fire states in sites affected by low- and moderate-severity fires, but sites affected by high-severity fires remained dissimilar to pre-fire composition</span> 13 years after the fire<span>. Even though high-severity patches had persistently low pine regeneration, 100% of </span>small <span>plots and 96% of large plots had at least one pine sapling or canopy tree recruit by 2018. Shrub taxa survived the fire in higher numbers and recovered to pre-fire densities much faster than the pine, especially in high-severity burns.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis</span><span>. Climate change has increased the likelihood of wildfires in tropical montane pine forests, with long-lasting effects on vegetation dynamics. However, this</span> biome may prove resilient to increasingly severe fires in the near future<span>, given the ongoing recovery of <em>Pinus occidentalis</em> forests</span> in Hispaniola <span>despite repeated severe droughts. Nevertheless, highly drought- and fire-resistant taxa (e.g. shrubs) may form alternate stable states in drier portions of tropical montane landscapes in the future as droughts and high-severity fires become more common.</span></p>
CO2-fertilisation enhances resilience to browsing in the recruitment phase of an encroaching savanna tree
<p>1. CO<sub>2</sub>-fertilisation is implicated in the widespread and significant woody encroachment of savannas due to CO<sub>2</sub>-stimulated increases in belowground reserves that enhance sapling regrowth after fire. However, the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on tree responses to the other major disturbance in savannas, herbivory, is poorly understood. Herbivory responses cannot be predicted from fire responses, as herbivore effects occur earlier during establishment and are moderated by plant palatability and defence rather than below-ground carbon accumulation.</p> <p>2. The relationship between herbivory and [CO<sub>2</sub>] is explored here using a widespread, strongly-encroaching savanna tree, <em>Vachellia</em> <em>karroo</em>. Using greenhouse-grown seedlings under past- through to predicted future-[CO<sub>2</sub>] (180–1000 ppm) and field-grown seedlings under ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>], we assessed plant survival, growth, defence and palatability.</p> <p>3. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] improves the tolerance of greenhouse-grown seedlings to herbivory by stimulating growth and allowing a critical size-threshold associated with survival to be reached earlier, thereby decreasing the probability of fatal herbivory during the vulnerable recruitment phase. Elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] also decreases the time taken to reach a second size-threshold linked to accelerated recovery of field-grown seedlings following herbivory. Seedling growth responses to increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] are non-linear, suggesting that historic growth- and survival enhancements are smaller than those predicted for the future. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] is associated with greater resistance to herbivores (more branched shoot architecture) but not leaf palatability (C:N ratio) or defence (leaf tannins and spine density).</p> <p>4. Increasing <em>V</em>. <em>karroo</em> densities already constitute a major land management problem in southern African savannas. However, encroachment by this species, and likely other savanna tree species, may be greatly exacerbated under future [CO<sub>2</sub>], as tolerance to herbivory at the recruitment stage is further enhanced. </p>
Data from: Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery-induced trophic cascade
<p>Ecological theory predicts that kelp forests structured by trophic cascades should experience a recovery and persistence of their foundation species when herbivores become rare. Yet, climate change may be altering the outcomes of top-down forcing in kelp forests, especially those located in regions that have rapidly warmed in recent decades, such as the Gulf of Maine. Here, using data collected annually from 30+ sites spanning >350 km of coastline, we explored the dynamics of Maine's kelp forests in the ~20 years after a fishery-induced elimination of sea urchin herbivores. Although forests (dominated by <em>Saccharina latissima</em> and <em>Laminaria digitata</em>) had broadly returned to Maine in the late 20th century, we found that forests in northeast Maine have since experienced slow but significant declines in kelp, and forest persistence in the northeast was juxtaposed by a rapid, widespread collapse in the southwest. Forests collapsed in the southwest apparently because ocean warming has – directly and indirectly – made this area inhospitable to kelp. Indeed, when modeling drivers of change using causal techniques from econometrics, we discovered that unusually high summer water temperatures the year prior, unusually high spring water temperatures, and high sea urchin densities each negatively impacted kelp abundance. Furthermore, the relative power and absolute impact of these drivers varied geographically. Our findings reveal that ocean warming is redefining the outcomes of top-down forcing in this system, whereby herbivore removal no longer predictably leads to a sustained dominance of kelp – the ecosystem's foundation – but instead has led to a waning dominance (northeast) or the rise of a novel phase state defined by "turf" algae (southwest). Such findings indicate that limiting climate change and managing for low herbivore abundances will be essential for preventing further loss of the vast forests that still exist in northeastern Maine. They also more broadly highlight that climate change is "rewriting the rules" of nature, and thus that ecological theory and practice must be revised to account for shifting species and processes.</p>
Fire, elephants, and climate legacies enhance savanna resistance while impeding resilience
<p>Data accompanying the paper:</p> <p>L.M. Vermeulen, B. Verbist, K. Van Meerbeek, J. Slingsby, P.N. Bernardino, B. Somers. 2024. Fire, elephants, and climate legacies enhance savanna resistance while impeding resilience.</p>
Data for climate-resilient snowpack estimation in the Western United States
<p>Generated and preprocessed files for the resilient snowpack estimation project. All preprocessed data were originally produced by the WUS-D3 project (https://dept.atmos.ucla.edu/alexhall/downscaling-cmip6) or PRISM (https://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/).</p>
Elevated sleep quota in a stress-resilient Drosophila species
<p>Sleep is broadly conserved across the animal kingdom but can vary widely between species. It is currently unclear which selective pressures and regulatory mechanisms influence differences in sleep between species. The fruit fly <em>Drosophila</em><em>melanogaster</em> has become a successful model system for examining sleep regulation and function, but little is known about the sleep patterns in many related fly species. Here, we find that fly species with adaptations to extreme desert environments, including <em>D. mojavensis,</em> exhibit strong increases in baseline sleep compared to <em>D. melanogaster.</em> Long-sleeping <em>D. mojavensis </em>show intact homeostasis, indicating that desert flies carry an elevated drive for sleep. In addition, <em>D. mojavensis</em> exhibit altered abundance or distribution of several sleep/wake related neuromodulators and neuropeptides that are consistent with their reduced locomotor activity and increased sleep. Finally, we find that in a nutrient-deprived environment, the sleep patterns of individual <em>D. mojavensis</em> are strongly correlated with their survival time and that disrupting sleep via constant light stimulation renders <em>D. mojavensis</em> more sensitive to starvation. Our results demonstrate that <em>D. mojavensis</em> is a novel model for studying organisms with high sleep drive, and for exploring sleep strategies that provide resilience in extreme environments.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.