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2,135 results for “stabling”
wangbin-zhang/CN-Nanjing: Nanjing_stable isotopes
<p>Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and precipitation in Nanjing</p>
Calibrated data of stable water isotope measurements in water vapour at 8 m a.s.l. on the port side of the ship, made in the austral summer of 2016/2017 around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This data set includes the calibrated data of stable water vapour isotope (δ18O, δ2H, deuterium excess) and water vapour mixing ratio measurements at approximately 8 m a.s.l. on the port of the ship, taken around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) from November 2016 to April 2017 using a Picarro laser spectrometers L2120. The data provide continuous timelines of atmospheric water vapour properties in the marine boundary layer for studies of the atmospheric water cycle.</p> <p>The raw data from which this calibrated dataset originates has been published separately (Kozachek, 2020; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3667535).</p> <p>Two other calibrated stable water isotope measurement datasets were also collected during ACE. They differ by the location of measurement on the ship: 8 m a.s.l on the starboard side (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739335) and 13.5 m a.s.l (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3250790).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <p>Measurements on portside:</p> <ul> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-ps_1h.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-ps_5min.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_runs_SWI8-ps.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_flag_times_SWI8-ps.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p>NaN values denote missing values which occur because of e.g., maintenance, instrument calibration, large cavity variations.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This calibrated stable water isotope measurements in water vapour is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Stable psychological traits predict perceived stress related to the COVID-19 outbreak
<p>This repository contains the raw dataset associated to the scientific article "Stable psychological traits predict psychological perceived stress to COVID-19 outbreak”, by L. Flesia, V. Fietta, B. Segatto, M. Monaro. Data are contained in the excel file and organized as follows:</p> <p>- the entire dataset used by the authors to perform statistical analysis</p> <p>- the training set used by the authors to train and validate ML models</p> <p>- the test set used by the authors to test the ML models</p> <p>The "Legend" file contains the description of each variable in the excel file.</p> <p>The step by step instructions to replicate the results of ML classification models, which are reported in the paper, including two .arff files containing the training and test set od data that can be directly run in WEKA software 3.9.</p> <p>The "COVID-19 QUESTIONNAIRE" file contains the English version of the questions administered to participants.</p>
Miocene paleotopography and paleoclimate based on paired stable isotope compositions in Namling Basin, south Tibet
<p>This supporting information contains four datasets asTable 1 in the main text and Table S1, Table S2, and Table S3 in the supplementary file. Table S1 is the zircon U-Pb dating of two tuff samples. Both samples were collected in 2016 at the bottom and at the top of the measured section to constrain the precisely formed timing of the samples. U-Pb dating was processed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) and calculated by the GLITTER_V4.0.</p> <p>Table S2 is a summary Miocene δ<sup>2</sup>H data, δ<sup>18</sup>O data, and vegetation associations in the Miocene Tibetan Plateau basins from literature. These data were from our study in Namling Basin and previous work (Spicer et al., 2003; Currie et al., 2016; Khan et al., 2014); Lunpola Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2014), Hoh Xil Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015), and Qaidam basin (Zhuang et al., 2014; Miao et al., 2013) as well as the biotite δ2H data from Himalaya (Gebélin et al., 2013). Paleometeoric water δD<sub>w</sub> values are calculated by applying the average established and local apparent fractionation factor of -111±14‰ in the Namling, Lunpola and Hoh Xil basins and -102‰ in the Qaidam Basin (Zhuang et al., 2014). b. Paleometoric water δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub> values are calculated by the calcite-water equation (Kim and O'Neil, 1997) with carbonate forming temperatures of 14.6±3.6°C in the Namling Basin, Lunpola Basin and Hoh Xil Basin (Deng et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2015; Ingalls et al., 2017).</p> <p>Table S3 is a summary of the stable isotope of the surface water across the Tibetan Plateau. These data were from the previous literature (Quade et al., 2011; Hren et al., 2009; Bershaw et al., 2012).</p>
Tissue-resident memory Th17 cells maintain stable fungal commensalism in the oral mucosa
<p>Raw data files linked to a manuscript published in Mucosal Immunology 2020 (accepted for publication on July 6th,.2020)</p>
Stable and dynamic representations of value in the prefrontal cortex
<p>This data set was compiled for the experiments detailed in <em>Enel, P., Wallis, J., & Rich, E. (2019). Stable and dynamic representations of value in the prefrontal cortex. </em><i>Elife</i> <em>9 (2020): e54313 </em><span class="doi"><a class="doi__link" href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.54313">10.7554/eLife.54313</a></span></p> <p>Optimal decision-making requires that stimulus-value associations are kept up to date by constantly comparing the expected value of a stimulus with its experienced outcome. To do this, value information must be held in mind when a stimulus and outcome are separated in time. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms of working memory (WM) for value. Contradicting theories have suggested WM requires either persistent or transient neuronal activity, with stable or dynamic representations respectively. To test these hypotheses, we recorded neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex of two monkeys performing a valuation task. We found that features of all hypotheses were simultaneously present in prefrontal activity, and no single hypothesis was exclusively supported. Instead, mixed dynamics supported robust, time invariant value representations while also encoding the information in a temporally specific manner. We suggest that this hybrid coding is a critical mechanism supporting flexible cognitive abilities.</p>
Tracking long-distance migration of marine fishes using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
The long-distance migrations by marine fishes are difficult to track by field observation. Here, we propose a new method to track such migrations using stable nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub>), which allows for direct comparison of isotope ratios between proxy organisms of the isoscape and the target migratory animal. We initially constructed a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> isoscape in the North Pacific by bulk and compound-specific isotope analyses of copepods (<i>n</i> = 360 and 24, respectively). We then determined retrospective <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> values of spawning chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) from their vertebral centra (10 sections from each of two salmon), and estimated their migration routes by using a state-space model. Our isotope tracking method successfully reproduced a known chum salmon migration route between the Okhotsk and Bering seas, and our findings suggest the presence of a migration route to the Bering Sea Shelf during a later growth stage.
Quantifying capital vs. income breeding: new promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids
<p>1. Capital breeders accumulate nutrients prior to egg development, then use these stores to support offspring. In contrast, income breeders rely on local nutrients consumed contemporaneously with offspring development. Understanding such nutrient allocations is critical to assessing wildlife reliance on different habitats.</p> <p>2. Despite the contrast between these strategies, it remains challenging to trace nutrients from endogenous stores or exogenous food intake into offspring. Here, we tested a new solution to this problem.</p> <p>3. Using tissue samples collected opportunistically from wild emperor penguins (<i>Aptenodytes forsteri</i>), which exemplify capital breeding, we hypothesized that the stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AA) in endogenous stores (e.g., muscle) and in egg yolk and albumen reflect the nutrient sourcing that distinguishes capital versus income breeding. Unlike other methods, this approach does not require untested assumptions or diet sampling.</p> <p>4. We found that over half of essential AA had δ<sup>13</sup>C values that did not differ between muscle and yolk or albumen, suggesting that most of these AA were directly routed from muscle into eggs. In contrast, almost all non-essential AA differed in δ<sup>13</sup>C values between muscle and yolk or between muscle and albumen, suggesting <i>de novo</i> synthesis. Over half of AA that have labile nitrogen atoms (i.e., "trophic" AA) had higher δ<sup>15</sup>N values in yolk and albumen than in muscle, suggesting that they were transaminated during their routing into egg tissue. This effect was smaller for AA with less labile nitrogen atoms (i.e., "source" AA).</p> <p>5. Our results indicate that the δ<sup>15</sup>N offset between trophic-source AA (Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>trophic-source</sub>) may provide an index of the extent of capital breeding. The value of emperor penguin Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub> was higher in yolk and albumen than in muscle, reflecting the mobilization of endogenous stores; in comparison, the value of Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub> was similar across muscle and egg tissue in previously-published data for income-breeding herring gulls (<i>Larus argentatus smithsonianus</i>). Our results provide a quantitative basis for using AA δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N, and isotopic offsets among AA (e.g., Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub>), to explore the allocation of endogenous versus exogenous nutrients across the capital versus income spectrum of avian reproduction.</p>
Quality control for modern bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements
<p><strong>(1)</strong> Isotopic analyses of collagen, the main protein preserved in sub fossil bone and tooth, has long provided a powerful tool for the reconstruction of ancient diets and environments. Although isotopic studies of contemporary ecosystems have typically focused on more accessible tissues (e.g., muscle, hair), there is growing interest in the potential for analyses of collagen because it is often available in hard tissue archives (e.g., scales, skin, bone, tooth), allowing for enhanced long-term retrospective studies. The quality of measurements of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of ancient samples are subject to robust and well-established criteria for detection of contaminants and digenesis. Among these quality control (QC) criteria, the most widely utilized is the atomic C:N ratio (C:N<sub>Atomic</sub>), which for ancient samples has an acceptable range between 2.9 and 3.6. While this QC criterion was developed for ancient materials, it has increasingly being applied to collagen from modern tissues.</p> <p><strong>(2)</strong> Here we use a large survey of published collagen amino acid compositions (n<em> </em>= 436) from 193 vertebrate species as well as recent experimental isotopic evidence from 413 modern collagen extracts to demonstrate that the C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> range used for ancient samples is not suitable for assessing collagen quality of modern and archived historical samples.</p> <p><strong>(3) </strong>For modern tissues, collagen C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> falling outside 3.00–3.30 for fish and 3.00–3.28 for mammals and birds can produce systematically skewed isotopic compositions and may lead to significant interpretative errors. These findings are followed by a review of protocols for improving C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> criteria for modern collagen extracts.</p> <p><strong>(4)</strong> Given the tremendous conservation and environmental policy-informing potential that retrospective isotopic analyses of collagen from contemporary and archived vertebrate tissues have for addressing pressing questions about long-term environmental conditions and species behaviours, it is critical that QC criteria tailored to modern tissues are established.</p>
Long-Term Stable Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Ultrafiltration
<p><strong>Preprint available here:</strong> Al-shaeli, Muayad; Smith, Stefan J. D.; Jiang, Shanxue; Wang, Huanting; Zhang, Kaisong; Ladewig, Bradley P. (2020): Long-Term Stable Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Ultrafiltration. ChemRxiv. Preprint. <a href="https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.13399367.v1">https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.13399367.v1</a></p> <p>Published manuscript: Muayad Al-Shaeli, Stefan J.D. Smith, Shanxue Jiang, Huanting Wang, Kaisong Zhang, Bradley P. Ladewig,<br> Long-term stable metal organic framework (MOF) based mixed matrix membranes for ultrafiltration,<br> Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 119339, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119339">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119339</a></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In this study, novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were synthesized by adding metal organic frameworks (MOFs) (UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>) to pristine and sulfonated polyethersulfone (PES). The differing synthetic method resulting in MMM where additives were grafted to the matrix polymer, or formed a natural interface, allowing the impact of these MMM features to be investigated. The composite membranes were characterised by FTIR, PXRD, water contact angle, porosity, pore size, etc. Membrane performance was investigated by water permeation flux, flux recovery ratio, fouling resistance and anti-fouling performance. The stability test was also conducted for all the prepared mixed matrix membranes. A higher reduction in the water contact angle was observed after adding both MOFs to the PES and sulfonated PES membranes compared to pristine PES membranes. An enhancement in membrane performance was observed by embedding the MOFs into PES membrane matrix, with flux increased remarkably (565 LMH for PES+UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> at 5% loading and 487.1 LMH for SPES-UiO-66(10% binding) while the BSA rejection was still kept at a high level. By adding the MOFs into PES matrix, the flux recovery ratio was increased greatly (more than 99% for most mixed matrix membranes). The mixed matrix membranes showed higher resistance to protein adsorption compared to pristine PES membranes. After immersing the membranes in water for 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, both MOFs were stable and retained their structure. This study indicates that UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> are great candidates for designing long-term stable mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for applications in water and wastewater treatment.</p>
Response Rates to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy in Microsatellite-Stable Solid Tumors With 10 or More Mutations per Megabase
<p>This dataset has been used to analyze the association between tumor mutational burden and response to treatment in immunotherapy-treated patients with microsatellite-stable solid tumors. The dataset contains clinical and genomic data for 1,678 patients with 16 cancer types.</p> <p> </p>
Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest
<p>Dataset supporting the study <strong>Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest.</strong></p> <p>We investigated relative contributions of different soil depths to tree water uptake of 83 trees and possible species-specific differences in a 50x50 m forest plot at four dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya using stable water isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR.</p> <p>The dataset contains raw isotope data of tree xylem, soil and throughfall water sampled on different dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya as well as interpolated model input data for the Bayesian mixing model.</p> <p>Further information can be found in the soon to be published article in Ecohydrology.</p> <p> </p>
Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
<p>Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)</p> <p> </p> <p>The raw data and R-code used to calculate SMR used in the analysis. </p>
Data from: Phenotypic and genotypic variation across a stable white-eye (Zosterops sp.) hybrid zone in central South Africa
The interbreeding of two species after a period of separation (secondary contact) most often results in stable areas of hybridization or tension zones characterized by selection against hybrid individuals. Three plumage forms of Zosterops meet and interbreed in central South Africa. Here we examine how phenotypic measures (biometric and plumage) and genotypic markers (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) change through a putative hybrid zone located in the area where the ranges of the Orange River white-eye Zosterops pallidus and a subspecies of the Cape white-eye Zosterops virens capensis meet. Four of the five sequenced loci (i.e. ATP6, MUSK, GADPH and TGF-β2) showed strong divergence and differentiation between allopatric parental populations, whereas the sex-linked CHD1Z locus exhibited high homogeneity. Microsatellite data also distinguished between pure Z. pallidus and Z. v. capensis populations. Together, the nuclear data (introns and microsatellites) identified at least 12 hybrid individuals as later generation hybrids (i.e. F2 or backcrosses), and no F1 hybrids were detected. As genetic incompatibility does not appear to play a role in restricting this stable hybrid zone, it is likely that environmental conditions including biome type and edge effect are constraining hybrid zone movement.
Data from: Ion microprobe measured stable isotope evidence for ammonite habitat and life mode during early ontogeny
Ammonites have disparate adult morphologies indicative of diverse ecological niches, but ammonite hatchlings are small (~1 mm diameter), which raises questions about the similarity of egg incubation and hatchling life mode in ammonites. Modern Nautilus is sometimes used as a model organism for understanding ammonites, but despite their outward similarities, the groups are only distantly related. Trends in ammonite diversity and extinction vulnerability in the fossil record contrast starkly with those of nautilids, and embryonic shells from Late Cretaceous ammonites are two orders of magnitude smaller than nautilid embryonic shells. To investigate possible environmental changes experienced by ammonite hatchlings, we used secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to analyze the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the embryonic shells and early postembryonic whorls of five juveniles of Hoploscaphites comprimus obtained from a single concretion in the Fox Hills Formation of South Dakota. Co-occurring bivalves and diagenetic calcite were also analyzed to provide a benthic baseline for comparison. The oxygen isotope ratios of embryonic shells are more like those of benthic bivalves, suggesting that ammonite eggs were laid on the bottom. Ammonite shell immediately after hatching has more negative δ18O, suggesting movement to more shallow water that is potentially warmer and/or fresher. After approximately one whorl of postembryonic growth, the values of δ18O become more positive in three of the five individuals, suggesting that these animals transitioned to a more demersal mode of life. Two other individuals transition to even lower δ18O values that could suggest movement to nearshore brackish water. These data suggest that ammonites, like many modern coleoids, may have spawned at different times of the year. Because scaphites were one of the short-term K-Pg survivors, it is possible that this characteristic allowed them to develop a broader geographic range and, consequently, a greater resistance to extinction.
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
Data from: Stable isotopes reveal the effect of trawl fisheries on the diet of commercially exploited species
Bottom trawling can change food availability for benthivorous demersal species by (i) changing benthic prey composition through physical seabed impacts and (ii) by removing overall benthic consumer biomass increasing the net availability of benthic prey for remaining individuals. Thus trawling may both negatively and positively influence the quantity and quality of food available. Using δ13C and δ15N we investigated potential diet changes of three commercially exploited species across trawling gradients in the Kattegat (plaice, dab and Norway lobster (Nephrops)) and the Irish Sea (Nephrops). In the Kattegat, trawling affected primarily the biomass of benthic consumers, lowering competition. Nephrops showed significant positive relationships for δ13C and a domed relationship for δ15N with trawling. In the Irish Sea, intense trawling had a negative effect on benthic prey. δ13C and δ15N thus showed the inverse relationships to those observed in the Kattegat. Plaice from the Kattegat, showed a significant relationship with trawling intensity for δ13C, but not for δ15N. No relationship was found for dab. Changes of δ13C and δ15N correlated with changes in condition of species. The results show that the removal of demersal competitors and benthos by trawling can change the diets of commercial species, ultimately affecting their body condition.
Data from: Is multifactorial sex determination in the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), stable over time?
Sex determination pathways evolve rapidly, usually because of turnover of master regulatory genes at the top of the developmental pathway. Polygenic sex determination is expected to be a transient state between ancestral and derived conditions. However, polygenic sex determination has been observed in numerous animal species, including the house fly, Musca domestica. House fly males carry a male-determining factor (M) that can be located on any chromosome, and an individual male may have multiple M factors. Females lack M and/or have a dominant allele of the Md-tra gene(Md-traD) that acts as a female-determining locus even in the presence of multiple copies of M. We found the frequency and linkage of M in house flies collected in Chino, CA (USA) was relatively unchanged between 1982 and 2014. The frequency of females with Md-traD in the 2014 collection was 33.6% (n=140). Analysis of these results, plus previously published data, revealed a strong correlation between the frequencies of Md-traD and multiple M males, and we find that these populations are expected to have balanced sex ratios. We also find that fitness values that allow for the invasion and maintenance of multiple sex determining loci suggest that sexually antagonistic selection could be responsible for maintaining polygenic sex determination in house fly populations. The stability over time and equilibrium frequencies within populations suggest the house fly polygenic sex determination system is not in transition, and provide guidance for future investigations on the factors responsible for the polymorphism.
Data from: A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements
Molecular phylogenetics has transitioned into the phylogenomic era, with data derived from next-generation sequencing technologies allowing unprecedented phylogenetic resolution in all animal groups, including understudied invertebrate taxa. Within the most diverse harvestmen suborder, Laniatores, most relationships at all taxonomic levels have yet to be explored from a phylogenomics perspective. Travunioidea is an early-diverging lineage of laniatorean harvestmen with a Laurasian distribution, with species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and south-central Europe. This clade has had a challenging taxonomic history, but the current classification consists of ~77 species in three families, the Travuniidae, Paranonychidae, and Nippononychidae. Travunioidea classification has traditionally been based on structure of the tarsal claws of the hind legs. However, it is now clear that tarsal claw structure is a poor taxonomic character due to homoplasy at all taxonomic levels. Here, we utilize DNA sequences derived from capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to reconstruct travunioid relationships. Data matrices consisting of 317–677 loci were used in maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses. Resulting phylogenies recover four consistent and highly supported clades; the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the enigmatic genus Yuria is less certain. Based on the resulting phylogenies, a revision of Travunioidea is proposed, now consisting of the Travuniidae, Cladonychiidae, Paranonychidae (Nippononychidae is synonymized), and the new family Cryptomastridae Derkarabetian & Hedin, fam. n., diagnosed here. The phylogenetic utility and diagnostic features of the intestinal complex and male genitalia are discussed in light of phylogenomic results, and the inappropriateness of the tarsal claw in diagnosing higher-level taxa is further corroborated.
Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels
<p>Genomic evidence is increasingly underpinning that hybridization between taxa is commonplace, challenging our views on the mechanisms that maintain their boundaries. Here, we focus on seven catadromous eel species (genus Anguilla), and use genome-wide sequence data from more than 450 individuals sampled across the tropical Indo-Pacific, morphological information, and three newly assembled draft genomes to compare contemporary patterns of hybridization with signatures of past gene flow across a time-calibrated phylogeny. We show that the seven species have remained distinct entities for up to 10 million years, despite a dynamic scenario of incomplete isolation whereby the current frequencies of hybridization across species pairs (over 5% of all individuals were either F1 hybrids or backcrosses) contrast remarkably with patterns of past introgression. Based on near-complete asymmetry in the directionality of hybridization and decreasing frequencies of later-generation hybrids, we identify cytonuclear incompatibilities and hybrid breakdown as two powerful mechanisms that can support species cohesion even when hybridization has been pervasive throughout the evolutionary history of entire clades.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.