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FIGURE 6 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia

FIGURE 6. Comparative larvae in life (dorsal view): Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana. A = Litoria meiriana stage 37 showing colour variation (dorsal view), Nawurlandja Rock Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = Litoria aurifera stages 42, 41, 36 and 26 (top to bottom), on a leaf taken from natural habitat. C = Litoria aurifera stage 43, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. D = Litoria aurifera stage 45 (holotype WAM R169913 as a metamorph), Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. E = Litoria aurifera tadpole camouflaged on substrate in creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Arrow indicates yellow part of tail. F = Litoria aurifera tadpole on substrate in creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Bar represents 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia

FIGURE 1. Head of holotype of Litoria meiriana (SAMA R9082, female) compared with head of holotype of Litoria aurifera sp. nov. (WAM R169913, female) and hand and foot of holotype of Litoria aurifera (WAM R169913, female). A, B = holotype of L. meiriana dorsal and lateral views; C, D = holotype of L. aurifera dorsal and lateral views; E, F = hand and foot of L. aurifera. Bar represents 5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia

FIGURE 7. Comparative larval oral discs: Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana. A = L. meiriana stage 35, Nawurlandja Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = L. aurifera stage 37, Creek off Bachsten Creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Note continuous papillae around disc margin. Bar represents 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 7. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis rhodoscelis (ZSM 0630/2008) from National Park of Ranomafana (developmental stage 33). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 3 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 3. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis axelmeyeri (ZSM 0629/2008) from Marojejy National Park (developmental stage 25). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 10 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 10. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis luciae (ZSM 0634/2008) from Ranomafana National Park (developmental stage 25). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 2 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 2. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis anjanaharibeensis (ZSM 0624/2008) from Marojejy National Park (developmental stage 25). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 9 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 9. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis roseipalmatus Glaw, Köhler, de la Riva, Vieites & Vences (ZSM 0628/2008) from Marojejy National Park (developmental stage 30). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 8 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 8. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis vittatus (ZSM 0625/2008) from Marojejy National Park (developmental stage 25). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk. Tail of the specimen is missing due to tissue sampling for DNA barcoding.

FIGURE 1 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 1. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis andreonei (ZSM 0623/2008) from Marojejy National Park (developmental stage 35). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 11 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 11. Photographs of preserved DNA voucher specimen tadpoles (as in Figs. 1–10) in lateral and dorsal views. Not to scale.

FIGURE 5 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 5. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis englaenderi (ZSM 0623/2008) from National Park of Marojejy (developmental stage 41). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 4 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 4. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis elenae (ZSM 0631/2008) from Ranomafana National Park (developmental stage 25). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 6 in Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

FIGURE 6. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Boophis microtympanum (ZSM 0622/2008) from Ambohitantely Special Reserve (developmental stage 35). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disk.

FIGURE 8 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 8. Line drawing superimposition of Rhacophorus penanorum (ZMH A10168; Stage 31; full line) and R. angulirostris (ZMH A 13098; Stage 37; dashed line), drawn from photographs in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. Drawings were scaled (normalized) to equal distances between centre of eye and end of body (vertical lines). The superimposition may suggest that the snout and the tail are relatively longer in R. penanorum than in the otherwise similar tadpole of R. angulirostris. However, the superimposition was based on only one specimen per species for which adequate photographs of living tadpoles had been available and future data must corroborate this preliminary evidence.

FIGURE 6 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 6. SEM image of Rhacophorus penanorum (ZMH A10169). A, Overview of oral disc in ventral view; anterior keratodont rows (A1–4) and posterior keratodont rows (P1-6) visible, note that seventh keratodont row on lower lip (P7) is present only as a small medial stretch of keratodonts and not visible from this perspective; LTRF 4(4)/7. B, Close up of the jaw sheaths; orientation as in A; showing details of conspicuously blunt serration on both upper (above) and lower jaws (below). C, Keratodonts of P3–P6 in lateral part of oral disc have possess serration of free margin, however, clefts are shallow. D, On keratodonts of P1–P3 serration is present only on newly formed keratodonts (right), whereas older ones seem to lack serration possibly due to wear.

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A10168, 394Z). Note the black spots and oranges margins of tail fins. B, Same individual in dorsal view, showing colouration features such as the golden iridocyte field between eyes. C, Same specimen, ventral view. The cup-like oral sucker is attached to the glass of the aquarium. The ventral colouration pattern (opaque silvery abdominal pigmentation, medial vena abdominalis/streak visible, bright red gills visible through skin and partly covered by silvery iridocytes) has also been found in other Bornean rheophilous tadpoles within the genus and is not unique to R. penanorum (UNIMAS 8954). D, R. penanorum adult male, day colouration. E. R. penanorum adult male, noctural colour morph.

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A13093). B, Same individual in dorsal view. C, Same individual in ventral view. Note the virtually unpigmented, translucent skin of the tadpole, except for a small patch of iridocytes overlaying anterior parts of gut coils. D, Adult female R. dulitensis (ZRC [IMG] 1.39) from Gunung Mulu National Park Headquaters.

FIGURE 5 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 5. SEM images of Rhacophorus dulitensis (ZMH A13094; A, C, D: 481–3902; B: 481–3802) in ventral views. A, Overview of oral disc in ventral view; the anterior lip is free of papillae, except for the lateral parts. Note the presence of a 6th tooth row on only one side of the oral disc. B, Close up of the right (of body) lateral mouth angle showing the serrated jaw sheath of the upper jaw (right in image); C, Keratodonts of row A2. D, Keratodonts of row P3.

FIGURE 4 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 4. Minimum evolution tree of Bornean members of the genus Rhacophorus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) based on the total alignment comprising 827 bp of 16S rDNA sequences. See text for details on methodology. Scale bar, bp changes per branch length.