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578 results for “telomeres”
Great tit (Parus major) nestlings have longer telomeres in old-growth forests than in young forests
<p>Modification and deterioration of old-growth forests by industrial forestry have seriously threatened species diversity worldwide. The loss of natural habitats increases the concentration of circulating glucocorticoids and incurs chronic stress in animals, influencing the immune system, growth, survival, and lifespan of animals inhabiting such areas. In this study, we tested whether great tit (Parus major) nestlings grown in old-growth unmanaged coniferous forests have longer telomeres than great tit nestlings developing in young managed coniferous forests. This study showed that the patches of young managed coniferous forests had lower larval biomass than old-growth forests. Since insect larvae are the preferred food for great tit nestlings, the shortage of food may divert energy resources away from growth, which can show up as physiological stress, often raising the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The H/L ratio revealed a significant difference in stress levels, being the highest in great tit nestlings developing in young-managed pine forests. We also found that the development of great tit nestlings in young managed forests had significantly shorter telomeres than in old-growth forests. Although nestling survival did not differ between the habitats, nestlings growing up in old-growth forests had greater telomere lengths, which can positively affect their lifespan. Our results suggest that the forest habitats affected by industrial forestry may represent ecological traps as the development of young birds in deteriorated environments can affect the age structure of populations.</p>
Data from: Sex differences in leucocyte telomere length in a free-living mammal
Mounting evidence suggests that average telomere length reflects previous stress and predicts subsequent survival across vertebrate species. In humans, leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is consistently shorter during adulthood in males than in females, although the causes of this sex difference and its generality to other mammals remain unknown. Here, we measured LTL in a cross-sectional sample of free-living Soay sheep and found shorter telomeres in males than in females in later adulthood (>3 years of age), but not in early life. This observation was not related to sex differences in growth or parasite burden, but we did find evidence for reduced LTL associated with increased horn growth in early life in males. Variation in LTL was independent of variation in the proportions of different leucocyte cell types, which are known to differ in telomere length. Our results provide the first evidence of sex differences in LTL from a wild mammal, but longitudinal studies are now required to determine whether telomere attrition rates or selective disappearance are responsible for these observed differences.
Data from: The telomeric DNA damage response occurs in the absence of chromatin decompaction
Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA rearrangements. The telomeric shelterin protein TRF2 suppresses the DDR, and this function has been attributed to its abilities to trigger t-loop formation or prevent massive decompaction and loss of density of telomeric chromatin. Here, we applied stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to measure the sizes and shapes of functional human telomeres of different lengths and dysfunctional telomeres that elicit a DDR. Telomeres have an ovoid appearance with considerable plasticity in shape. Examination of many telomeres demonstrated that depletion of TRF2, TRF1, or both affected the sizes of only a small subset of telomeres. Costaining of telomeres with DDR markers further revealed that the majority of DDR signaling telomeres retained a normal size. Thus, DDR signaling at telomeres does not require decompaction. We propose that telomeres are monitored by the DDR machinery in the absence of telomere expansion and that the DDR is triggered by changes at the molecular level in structure and protein composition.
FIGURES 1–2 in 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of telomeric repeat-binding domain ofArabidopsis thaliana
FIGURES 1–2. Nilotanypus dubius (Meigen), male. 1. Wing. 2. Hypopygium, ventral and dorsal view.
FIGURES 7–8 in 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of telomeric repeat-binding domain ofArabidopsis thaliana
FIGURES 7–8. Nilotanypus quadratus sp. n., male. 7. Wing. 8. Hypopygium, ventral and dorsal view.
Early‐life seasonal, weather and social effects on telomere length in a wild mammal
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Early-life environmental conditions can provide a source of individual variation in life-history strategies and senescence patterns. <a name="_Hlk65916590">Conditions experienced in early life can be quantified by measuring telomere length, which can act as a biomarker of survival probability in some species. </a>Here, we investigate whether seasonal changes, weather conditions, and group size are associated with early-life and/or early-adulthood telomere length in a wild population of European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>). <a name="_Hlk68254810">We found substantial intra-annual changes in telomere length during the first three years of life (both between and within individuals), with shorter telomere lengths in the winter following the first spring and a trend for longer telomere lengths in the second spring compared to the first winter.</a> <a name="_Hlk65917227">In terms of weather conditions, cubs born in warmer, wetter springs with low rainfall variability had longer early-life (3–12 months old) telomere lengths</a>. Additionally, cubs born in groups with more cubs had marginally longer early-life telomeres, providing no evidence of resource constraint from cub competition. We also found that our previously documented positive association between early-life telomere length and cub survival probability remained when social and weather variables were included. Finally, after sexual maturity, in early adulthood (i.e. 12–36 months) we found no significant association between same-sex adult group size and telomere length (i.e. no effect of intra-sexual competition). Overall, we show that controlling for seasonal effects, which are linked to food availability and foraging success, is important in telomere length analyses, and that variation in telomere length in badgers reflects early-life conditions and also predicts first year cub survival.</p>
Full data on telomere length and lifespan
<p>Telomeres are protective caps at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes that shorten with age and in response to stressful or resource-demanding conditions. Their length predicts individual health and lifespan across a wide range of animals, but whether the observed positive association between telomere length and lifespan is environmentally induced, or set at conception due to a shared genetic basis, has not been tested in wild animals. We applied quantitative genetic 'animal models' to longitudinal telomere measurements collected over a 10-year period from individuals of a wild seabird (common tern; <i>Sterna hirundo</i>) with known pedigree. We found no variation in telomere shortening with age among individuals at the phenotypic and genetic level, and only a small permanent environmental effect on adult telomere length. Instead, we found telomere length to be highly heritable and strongly positively genetically correlated with lifespan. Such heritable differences between individuals that are set at conception may present a <i>hitherto</i> underappreciated component of variation in somatic state.</p>
Causes and consequences of telomere lengthening in a wild vertebrate population
<p>Telomeres have been advocated to be important markers of biological age in evolutionary and ecological studies. Telomeres usually shorten with age, and shortening is frequently associated with environmental stressors and increased subsequent mortality. Telomere lengthening – an apparent increase in telomere length between repeated samples from the same individual – also occurs. However, the exact circumstances, and consequences, of telomere lengthening are poorly understood. Using longitudinal data from the Seychelles warbler (<i>Acrocephalus sechellensis</i>), we tested whether telomere lengthening – which occurs in adults of this species – is associated with specific stressors (reproductive effort, food availability, malarial infection and cooperative breeding) and predicts subsequent survival. In females, telomere shortening was observed under greater stress (i.e. low food availability, malaria infection), while telomere lengthening was observed in females experiencing lower stress (i.e. high food availability, assisted by helpers, without malaria). The telomere dynamics of males were not associated with the key stressors tested. These results indicate that, at least for females, telomere lengthening occurs in circumstances more conducive to self-maintenance. Importantly, both females and males with lengthened telomeres had improved subsequent survival relative to individuals that displayed unchanged, or shortened, telomeres – indicating that telomere lengthening is associated with individual fitness. These results demonstrate that telomere dynamics are bidirectionally responsive to the level of stress that an individual faces, but may poorly reflect the accumulation of stress over the lifetime. This study challenges how we think of telomeres as a marker of biological age.</p>
Telomeric Abnormalities in Colorectal Diseases by Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03208777. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Early maternal separation is not associated with changes in telomere length in domestic kittens (Felis catus)
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Data from: Telomere length reflects phenotypic quality and costs of reproduction in a long-lived seabird
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Data from: The telomere bouquet is a hub where meiotic double-strand breaks, synapsis, and stable homolog juxtaposition are coordinated in the zebrafish, Danio rerio
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Data from: Longitudinal evidence that older parents produce offspring with longer telomeres in a wild social bird
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Data from: How do growth and sibling competition affect telomere dynamics in the first month of life of long-lived seabird?
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Data from: Parallel telomere shortening in multiple body tissues owing to malaria infection
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Early‐life seasonal, weather and social effects on telomere length in a wild mammal
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Data from: Always a price to pay: hibernation at low temperatures comes with a trade-off between energy savings and telomere damage
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Data from: Maternal telomere length inheritance in the king penguin
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Data from: Links between parental life histories of wild salmon and the telomere lengths of their offspring
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Data from: Distinct telomere differences within a reproductively bimodal common lizard population
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