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FIGURE 1 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 1. Habitats visited in the Torotoro National Park, Potosí, Bolivia. A–D, Prepuna (18° 7′ 10.92″ S, 65° 48′ 30.24″ W — WGS84 system; ~2798 m). E–G, Inter-Andean dry valleys at the type locality of Tropidurus azurduyae (18° 5′ 54.24″ S, 65° 44′ 57.48″ W — WGS84 system; ~2264 m). H, Adult male of T. azurduyae, sighted (not collected) at the type locality of the species.
Figure 7 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic
Figure 7. Box-and-whisker plot (maximum and minimum size; upper and lower quartiles and median) of spicule size of Leucetta spp. A, triactine I length; B, triactine I width; C, triactine II length; D, triactine II width; E, tetractine I length; F, tetractine I width; G, tetractine II length; H, tetractine II width. Leucetta floridana (Caribbean), Z Leucetta floridana (Brazil), Leucetta sp., Leucetta microraphis.
Figure 5 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic
Figure 5. Leucetta floridana from the Caribbean (UFRJPOR 5360). A, L. floridana in situ (photo: S. Zea). B, transversal section of the cortex and choanosome; C, transversal section of the choanosome and atrium; D, triactine I; E, triactine II and the small triactines I; F, tetractine I; G, detail of the apical actine of tetractines I protruding into the atrium; H, tetractine II and several triactines I and tetractines I. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–H = 100 Mm.
Figure 1 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic
Figure 1. Sampling sites. Caribbean: 1 – Bocas del Toro (BDT), 2 – San Andrés Island (SAN), 3 – Urabá (URA); Brazil: 4 – Ceará (CEA), 5 – Rio Grande do Norte (RGN), 6 – Rocas Atoll (RAT), 7 – Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNO), 8 – Abrolhos Archipelago (ABR); Pacific: 9 – Australia (GBR), 10 – New Caledonia (NCA).
Figure 6 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic
Figure 6. Leucetta sp. from Brazil. A, live specimen (photo: G. Muricy); B, triactine I; C, tetractines I; D, triactine II and tetractine II. Scale bars: A = 1 cm, B–D = 100 Mm.
Figure 3. Leucetta microraphis from New Caledonia. A in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic
Figure 3. Leucetta microraphis from New Caledonia. A, preserved specimen; B, triactine I; C, triactine II and several triactines I and tetractines I; D, tetractine I. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–D = 100 Mm.
Interspecific introgression and widespread intraspecific gene flow in a clade of tropical and subtropical seabirds
<p>The mechanisms that restrict gene flow between populations and facilitate population differentiation and speciation vary across the tree of life. In systems where physical barriers to gene flow are dynamic over time and space, such as many marine species, genetic introgression may be a major factor in the speciation process. In sympatric species of seabirds, hybridization has been frequently observed but few studies have investigated patterns of introgression. We used whole-genome sequence data to test for interspecific introgression between five pairs of tropical and subtropical seabird species and to test for gene flow within species across major land mass barriers and ocean basins. We found evidence for introgression between: blue-footed (<em>Sula</em> <em>nebouxii</em>) and Peruvian boobies (<em>S. variegata</em>); masked (<em>S. dactylatra</em>) and Nazca boobies (<em>S. granti</em>); and blue-footed and Nazca boobies. We found no evidence of introgression between blue-footed and brown boobies (<em>S. leucogaster</em>), or masked and brown boobies, despite observed hybridization between these species. We also found evidence for gene flow across several major land masses in three pantropical species: red-footed (<em>S. sula</em>), brown, and masked boobies. Finally, we report mixed evidence for ancient introgression between brown boobies and the ancestor of blue-footed, Peruvian, masked, and Nazca boobies. Our work indicates (1) that interspecific introgression has shaped contemporary booby diversity in the eastern Pacific, and (2) that contemporary physical barriers to gene flow between booby colonies are not absolute. Our findings contribute novel insights to the growing body of evidence that introgression is a widespread evolutionary process.</p>
Leaf habit affects the distribution of drought sensitivity but not water transport efficiency in the tropics
<p>Considering the global intensification of aridity in tropical biomes due to climate change, we need to understand what shapes the distribution of drought sensitivity in tropical plants. We conducted a pantropical data synthesis representing 1117 species to test whether xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>S</sub>), water potential at leaf turgor loss (Ψ<sub>TLP</sub>), and water potential at 50% loss of K<sub>S</sub> (ΨP50) varied along climate gradients. The Ψ<sub>TLP</sub> and ΨP<sub>50</sub> increased with climatic moisture only for evergreen species, but K<sub>S</sub> did not. Species with high Ψ<sub>TLP</sub> and Ψ<sub>P50</sub> values were associated with both dry and wet environments. However, drought-deciduous species showed high Ψ<sub>TLP</sub> and ΨP<sub>50</sub> values regardless of water availability whereas evergreen species only in wet environments. All three traits showed a weak phylogenetic signal and a short half-life. These results suggest that environmental controls on trait variance, which in turn is modulated by leaf habit along climatic moisture gradients in the tropics.</p>
Tropical cyclone low-level wind speed, shear, and veer: sensitivity to the boundary layer parameterization in WRF
<p>This repository contains namelists needed to reproduce the WRF(V4.4) simulations analyzed in "Tropical cyclone low-level wind speed, shear, and veer: sensitivity to the boundary layer parameterization in WRF"</p>
Tracking sargassum pathways across the Tropical Atlantic
<p>This dataset includes the date, time, address, latitude, longitude, speed, and altitude data collected by GPS trackers deployed in sargassum mats. For more information on the methods and data see Fidai et al. (2023) 'Tracking and detecting sargassum pathways across the Tropical Atlantic'. </p>
Trait-based sensitivity of large mammals to a catastrophic tropical cyclone: DNA metabarcoding data
<p>Extreme weather events perturb ecosystems and increasingly threaten biodiversity<sup>1</sup>. Ecologists emphasize the need to forecast and mitigate the impacts of these incidents, which requires knowledge of how risk is distributed among species and environments, but the scale and unpredictability of extreme events complicates assessment<sup>1</sup><sup>–4</sup>. These challenges are compounded for large animals ('megafauna'), which play crucial ecological roles but are hard to study<sup>5</sup>. Traits such as body size, dispersal ability, and habitat affiliation are among the hypothesized determinants of animals' vulnerability to natural hazards<sup>1,6,7</sup>. However, it has rarely been possible to test these propositions or, more generally, to link short- and longer-term effects of weather-related disturbance<sup>8,9</sup>. Here, we show how large herbivores and carnivores in Mozambique responded to Intense Tropical Cyclone Idai, the deadliest storm on record in Africa, across scales ranging from individual decisions in the hours after landfall to community-level responses nearly 20 months later. Animals occupying low-elevation habitats exhibited strong spatial responses to rising floodwaters. Body size predicted species' subsequent numerical responses: small-bodied species exhibited the greatest population declines. We trace this sensitivity to limited mobility, which increased likelihood of death during the flood and constrained animals' capacity to withstand food shortages afterward. Our results identify potentially general trait-based mechanisms underlying animal responses to severe weather and may help to inform strategies for wildlife conservation in a volatile climate.</p> <ol> <li><span><em><span>Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</span></em><span> [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, (2022).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Smith, M. An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: A synthetic definition and framework to guide future research. <em>J. Ecol.</em> <strong>99</strong>, 656-663 (2011).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Ummenhofer, C. C., & Meehl, G. A. Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review, <em>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. </em><strong>372</strong>, 20160135 (2017).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Jentsch, A., Kreyling, J., & Beierkuhnlein, C. A new generation of climate-change experiments: events, not trends. <em>Front. Ecol. Environ. </em><strong>5</strong>, 365-374 (2007).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Pringle, R. M., et. al. Impacts of large herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems. <em>Current Biology</em> <strong>33</strong>, R584-R610 (2023).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Spiller, D. A., Losos, J. B., & Schoener, T. W. Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on island populations. <em>Science </em><strong>281</strong>, 695-697 (1998). </span></span></li> <li><span><span>Schoener, T. W., & Spiller, D. A. Nonsynchronous recovery of community characteristics in island spiders after a catastrophic hurricane. <em>PNAS </em><strong>103</strong>, 2220-2225 (2006).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Pruitt, N., Little, A. G., Majumdar, S. J., Schoener, T. W., & Fisher, D. N. Call-to-Action: A global consortium for tropical cyclone ecology. <em>TREE </em><strong>34</strong>, 588-590 (2019).</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Lin, T. C., Hogan, J. A., & Chang, C. T. Tropical cyclone ecology: a scale-link perspective. <em>TREE </em><strong>35</strong>, 594-604 (2020).</span></span></li> </ol>
Phylogenetic analysis, morphological studies, element profiling, and muscarine detection reveal a new toxic Inosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 5 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 5. Human detections along five, two-kilometre transects, one each in five habitats/subtypes (young dipterocarp forest, flooded dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, mature dipterocarp forest, and wetlands) per month in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary. Effort = number of habitat subtypes * total months sampled per year * 2 km, X-axis= year, Y-axis= human disturbance index (number of human detections per one unit of effort).
Fig. 1 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 1. Map of Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary with land-cover changes; flooded dipterocarp forest (FL), mixed deciduous forest (MD) and young dipterocarp forest (YI) in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary between 1999 and 2020 and locations of bird survey points.
Fig 4 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig 4. Seasonal (y-axis) and long-term trends of abundances of six avian guilds in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary from 1999 to 2020. Redder = higher abundances, white/paler = lower abundances, and grey = no data.
Code and data for: The evolution of ontogenetic decision-making in the wood of a clade of tropical plants
<p>Code and data for reproducing the analysis from the manuscript "The evolution of ontogenetic "decision-making" in the wood of a clade of tropical plants". Data includes raw and curated data from cell lineages derived from wood progenitor cells. Python code is provided to generate virtual wood cell lineages using L-systems. It also provides code to determine number of words at different k-mer lengths and to estimate Shannon-Entropy and Lempel-Ziv values, from the coded cell lineages. R code is provided to generate the plots and to adjust linear models of the maximum number of words based on total number of coded cells and mean cell lineage length.</p>
Video Supplement for "Understanding the dependence of mean precipitation on convective treatment and horizontal resolution in tropical aquachannel experiments"
<p>A time series of snapshots of precipitable water (shading) and rainfall rate (contour) in the tropical aquachannel simulations. </p>
The role of tropical rainfall in driving range dynamics for a long-distance migratory bird
<p>Predicting how the range dynamics of migratory species will respond to climate change requires a mechanistic understanding of the factors that operate across the annual cycle to control the distribution and abundance of a species. Here we use multiple lines of evidence to reveal that environmental conditions during the nonbreeding season influence range dynamics across the lifecycle of a migratory songbird, the American redstart (<em>Setophaga ruticilla</em>). Using long-term data from the nonbreeding grounds and breeding origin estimated from stable hydrogen isotopes in tail feathers, we found that the relationship between nonbreeding season survival and migration distance is mediated by precipitation, but only during dry years. A long-term drying trend throughout the Caribbean is associated with higher mortality for individuals from the northern portion of the species' breeding range, resulting in an approximate 500 km southward shift in breeding origins of this Jamaican population over the past 30 years. This shift in connectivity is mirrored by changes in the redstarts breeding distribution of abundance. These results demonstrate that the climatic effects on demographic processes originating during the tropical nonbreeding season is actively shaping range dynamics in a migratory bird.</p>
North Atlantic synthetic tropical cyclone track, intensity, and rainfall dataset from RAFT
<p>The Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT)'s comprehensive and unified simulation of 40,000 synthetic North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) events are presented in this dataset. RAFT meticulously models these events based on large-scale environmental conditions, providing a valuable tool for in-depth TC impact analysis. The dataset encompasses detailed 6-hourly track information, along-track intensity metrics (including maximum wind speed and minimum pressure), the radius of maximum winds, and cumulative precipitation for each event.</p> <p>The primary dataset is encapsulated in a NetCDF4 file, "<a href="../records/10392725/files/RAFT.NA.v20231016.nc?download=1">RAFT.NA.v20231016.nc</a>", which contains a complete array of variables pertinent to the 40,000 synthetic TCs. These variables, detailed in Table 1 of the accompanying paper and summarized below, offer a comprehensive view of each TC event:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Basin ID</strong>: Identifies the basin (1 for North Atlantic)</li> <li><strong>Storm ID</strong>: Unique identification number for each TC, starting from 0</li> <li><strong>Year</strong>: Year of the environmental conditions used for modeling</li> <li><strong>Jday</strong>: Julian day of the year, ranging from 0 to 365</li> <li><strong>Longitude (lon)</strong>: Geographical longitude in degrees</li> <li><strong>Latitude (lat)</strong>: Geographical latitude in degrees</li> <li><strong>Maximum Wind Speed (vmax)</strong>: Measured in knots</li> <li><strong>Minimum Pressure (mslp)</strong>: Measured in hectopascals (hPa)</li> <li><strong>Radius of Maximum Wind (rmax)</strong>: Measured in nautical miles (nmi)</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, the dataset offers individualized accumulated rainfall data for each TC event, stored in NetCDF4 files named according to the convention "modeled_rainfall_ERA5_syn_{i}.h5", where "{i}" is the synthetic storm's ID. "ERA5" signifies the reanalysis input source, and "syn" indicates a synthetic track. This component of the dataset includes the following variables, all measured in total millimeters of precipitation:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Total Accumulated Rainfall (p_accum)</strong></li> <li><strong>Frictional Precipitation Component (p_accum_f)</strong></li> <li><strong>Topographic Precipitation Component (p_accum_h)</strong></li> <li><strong>Shear-related Precipitation Component (p_accum_s)</strong></li> <li><strong>Vortex Stretching Precipitation Component (p_accum_t)</strong></li> </ul> <p>The rainfall dataset is curated to focus on TC events within 600 km of the U.S. coast, reducing the number of rainfall events to 17,010 from the original 40,000, thereby enhancing its relevance and manageability. For user convenience, these events are compressed into grouped archives named "RAFT_accum_rainfall_{index}.tar.gz", where each "{index}" represents the index of the zipfile, containing up to 2,000 files for efficient data retrieval.</p> <p>The accumulated rainfall data is provided on a regular spatial grid, detailed in "<a href="../records/10392725/files/RAFT_rainfall_latlon_grid.h5?download=1">RAFT_rainfall_latlon_grid.h5</a>", which outlines the grid coordinates ('lat' and 'lon').</p> <p>For comprehensive usage guidelines and further insights into this dataset, users are encouraged to refer to the associated paper. This dataset is not only a significant resource for researchers and analysts in the field of meteorology but also serves as a pivotal tool for understanding and predicting the impacts of tropical cyclones.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to cite:</strong></p> <p>Xu, W., Balaguru, K., Judi, D.R. <em>et al.</em> A North Atlantic synthetic tropical cyclone track, intensity, and rainfall dataset. <em>Sci Data</em> <strong>11</strong>, 130 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-02952-7</p>
Data for: Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites vs. microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients
<ol> <li>Models estimating decomposition rates of dead wood across space and time are mainly based on studies carried out in temperate zones where microbes are dominant drivers of decomposition. However, most dead wood biomass is found in tropical ecosystems, where termites are also important wood consumers. Given the dependence of microbial decomposition on moisture with termite decomposition thought to be more resilient to dry conditions, the relative importance of these decomposition agents is expected to shift along gradients in precipitation that affect wood moisture.</li> <li>Here, we investigated the relative roles of microbes and termites in wood decomposition across precipitation gradients in space, time and with a simulated drought experiment in tropical Australia. We deployed mesh bags with non-native pine wood blocks, allowing termite access to half the bags. Bags were collected every six months (end of wet and dry seasons) over a four-year period across 5 sites along a rainfall gradient (ranging from savanna to wet sclerophyll to rainforest) and within a simulated drought experiment at the wettest site. We expected microbial decomposition to proceed faster in wet conditions with greater relative influence of termites in dry conditions.</li> <li>Consistent with expectations, microbial-mediated wood decomposition was slowest in dry savanna sites, dry seasons, and simulated drought conditions. Wood blocks discovered by termites decomposed 16% to 36% faster than blocks undiscovered by termites regardless of precipitation levels. Concurrently, termites were 10 times more likely to discover wood in dry savanna compared with wet rainforest sites, compensating for slow microbial decomposition in savannas. For wood discovered by termites, seasonality and drought did not significantly affect decomposition rates.</li> <li>Taken together, we found that spatial and seasonal variation in precipitation are important in shaping wood decomposition rates as driven by termites and microbes, although these different gradients do not equally impact decomposition agents. As we better understand how climate change will affect precipitation regimes across the tropics, our results can improve predictions of how wood decomposition agents will shift with potential for altering carbon fluxes.</li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.