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1,032 results for “vertical”
Illuminating the impact of diel vertical migration on visual gene expression in deep-sea shrimp
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Antarctic krill vertical migrations modulate seasonal carbon export
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset on sub-daily vertical profiles of physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll concentration in El Val reservoir, together with its daily meteorological data, storage state and downstream flow (2018-2022).
This dataset contains the physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll concentration of El Val reservoir (province of Zaragoza, Spain), together with its meteorological conditions, the water level, the stored volume and the flow rate of the effluent, the Queiles River, a few meters downstream of the dam. These data are useful to feed deterministic, data driven or hybrid hydrological models with different purposes, like the identification of the impact of meteorological conditions on the physicochemical properties of the reservoir, like the thermal stratification, as well as the assessment of different management strategies in the reservoir. The original data were collected by the Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro (CHE) and were published in real time through the web page of the Ebro Automatic Water Quality Information System (SAICA Ebro by its initials in Spanish) and the Ebro Automatic Hydrographic Information System (SAIH Ebro by its initials in Spanish). Then, the CHE curated the data that are finally available to the citizens under request by variable and date. In order to facilitate their availability and reuse, these data have been gathered, pre-processed and packaged in the form of datasets. Specifically, they are structured in four data tables: vertical profiles of physicochemical data in the reservoir, meteorological data in the same basin, water level and stored water volume in the reservoir and water flow rate of the Queiles River downstream of the reservoir.
The simulated dataset associated with the paper "Mesoscale modelling of optical turbulence in the atmosphere: The need for ultrahigh vertical grid resolution"
<p>The WRF model-generated meteorological profiles are available in netcdf format. More information will be provided shortly. </p>
Vertical profiles of Doppler spectra of hydrometeors from a Micro Rain Radar recorded during the austral summer of 2016/2017 in the Southern Ocean on the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset includes vertical profiles of the Doppler spectra and derived quantities of hydrometeors using a Micro Rain Radar (MRR-2) during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition in 2016/2017. The MRR is a frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) Doppler radar working at 24 GHz (K band). It measures the Doppler spectrum at vertical incidence with 31 range gates of 100 m. The data are processed to calculate rainfall rates and standard radar moments. For rain events, the drop size distribution and the rainfall rate are derived using the method by Peters et al. (2005). For snow events, the moments are computed from the Doppler spectrum as described in Maahn & Kollias (2012).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>RawSpectra/${year}${month}/MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}_RAW.nc: raw data of Doppler spectra for rainfall events. Null values are denoted as -99900.</li> <li>ProcessedData/${year}${month}/MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}_PRO.nc: 10-second averages (highest resolution) for specific rain events, using the standard products from Metek (MRR physical basics, 2009).</li> <li>AveData/${year}${month}/MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}_AVE.nc: one-minute averages, using the standard products from Metek (MRR physical basics, 2009).</li> <li>Processed_IMProToo/${year}${month}/mrr_improtoo_0.101_ACE_${year}${month}${day}.nc: processed data for snow events using IMProToo (Maahn & Kollias 2012) in one-minute averages.</li> <li>RR_timeline/${year}${month}/RR_MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}.csv: 10-minute running mean with one-minute resolution of rain rate for [100-200]m and [200-300]m range gate. Null values are denoted as ‘nan’.</li> <li>RR_timeline/${year}${month}/RR_MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}.png: daily plots of rain rates.</li> <li>PrecipitationEvents.txt: text file classifying the precipitation events according to hydrometeors (rain, snow or hail).</li> <li>Graphs_Metek/${year}${month}/moments_MRR_ACE_${year}${month}${day}_AVEnc.png: daily plots of Radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity for rain events.</li> <li>Graphs_IMProToo/${year}${month}/moments_mrr_improtoo_0101_ACE_${year}${month}${day}.png: daily plots of Radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity for snow events.</li> <li>RawSpectra_data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>Metek_ProcessedData_data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>IMProToo_ProcessedData_data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>AveData_data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <ul> <li>v1.2 - Amended abstract text. Changed descriptions of files in dataset contents. Added dataset license to README. Updated README and change_log files.</li> <li>v1.1 - Added missing PrecipitationEvents.txt file. Added change_log.txt file.</li> <li>v1.0 - Initial version of dataset.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This vertical Doppler spectra profile dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Data from: Chemical defenses shift with the seasonal vertical migration of a Panamanian poison frog
Dendrobatid poison frogs sequester lipophilic alkaloids from their arthropod prey to use as a form of chemical defense. Some dendrobatid frogs seasonally migrate between the leaf litter of the forest floor in the dry season to the canopy in the wet season, which may yield differences in prey (arthropods) and therefore alkaloid availability over space and time. Here, we document a seasonal vertical migration of Andinobates fulguritus (the yellow-bellied poison frog) from ground to canopy between dry and wet seasons. We observed turnover in alkaloid composition between seasons and found that dry season frogs contained a lower relative quantity of alkaloids; however, there was no change in alkaloid richness between seasons. The 77 alkaloids of 13 structural classes identified in this population appear to be derived mostly from mites and ants, though the two most common alkaloids were mite derived. Our observed shifts in defensive profiles are consistent with well-documented turnover in mite and ant communities between seasons and vertical strata. As climate change is expected to lengthen and strengthen dry seasons in many tropical regions, our results suggest that arboreal poison frogs forced to the ground for longer periods of time may see a shift in the abundance of alkaloids, possibly decreasing their defensive potential. This study provides further predictions for the wide-reaching effects of climate change, even as nuanced as charismatic poison frogs losing their poisons.
Thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes
<p>Significant advances have been made towards surveying animal and plant communities using DNA isolated from environmental samples. Despite rapid progress, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the "ecology" of environmental DNA (eDNA), particularly its temporal and spatial distribution and how this is shaped by abiotic and biotic processes. Here, we tested how seasonal variation in thermal stratification and animal habitat preferences influence the distribution of eDNA in lakes. We sampled eDNA depth profiles of five dimictic lakes during both summer stratification and autumn turnover, each containing warm- and cool-water fishes as well as the cold-water stenotherm, lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>). Habitat use by <i>S. namaycush</i> was validated by acoustic telemetry and was significantly related to eDNA distribution during stratification. Fish eDNA became "stratified" into layers during summer months, reflecting lake stratification and the thermal niches of the species. During summer months, <i>S. namaycush</i>, which rarely ventured into shallow waters, could only be detected at the deepest layers of the lakes, whereas the eDNA of warm-water fishes was much more abundant above the thermocline. By contrast, during autumn lake turnover, the fish species assemblage as detected by eDNA was homogenous throughout the water column. These findings contribute to our overall understanding of the "ecology" of eDNA within lake ecosystems, illustrating how the strong interaction between seasonal thermal structure in lakes and thermal niches of species on very localised spatial scales influences our ability to detect species.</p>
Data for GRL manuscript "Vertical Coordinate and Resolution Dependence of the Second Moment Turbulent Closure Models"
<p>The zipped directory contains data used for analysis and figures in the GRL manuscript "Vertical Coordinate and Resolution Dependence of the Second Moment Turbulent Closure Models"</p> <p>### OSP observations:</p> <p>Air Temperature: airt50n145w_hr.ascii </p> <p>Ocean Temperature: t50n145w_hr.ascii </p> <p>Ocean Salinity: s50n145w_hr.ascii</p> <p>Total Heat Flux: heatflux_papa.dat</p> <p>10m Wind Speed: wspd_papa.dat</p> <p>u and v components of Stokes drift velocity hourly time series given on vertical grid vertical_grid_128: uvstk_papa.dat</p> <p>### NCOM simulation results</p> <p>out_Model_LayerGrid.dat</p> <p>Model:</p> <p> h15 - use harcourt (2015) </p> <p> kc04 - use Kantha & Clayson (2004)</p> <p> myl2p5 - use Mellor & Yamda (1982) level 2.5</p> <p>Layer:</p> <p> 030, 040, 050, 080, 100</p> <p>Grid:</p> <p> s - uniform stretched grid</p> <p> u - uniform grid</p> <p> y - mixed layer enhanced grid</p> <p>The following variables are provied in all out_*.dat files as given in their headers</p> <p> depth (m) tke (cm2/s2) dis (cm2/s3) tl (cm) zkm (cm2/s) zkh (cm2/s) T (C) S (psu) pd (kg/m3) z-mid (m)</p> <p>### LES output</p> <p>Eddy viscosity computed using LES model</p> <p> LES simulation with all foring - Km_les_AllForcing.dat</p> <p> LES simulation without Stokes drift - Km_les_NoStk.dat</p> <p> LES simulation without Heat Flux - Km_les_NoHF.dat</p>
Data and code for: Time of night and moonlight structure vertical space use by insectivorous bats in a Neotropical rainforest: an acoustic monitoring study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Previous research has shown diverse vertical space use by various taxa, highlighting the importance of forest canopy. Yet, we often fail to explore how this three-dimensional space use changes over time. Here we use canopy tower systems in French Guiana to monitor neotropical bat activity above and below the forest canopy throughout nine nights in the wet season. We show that different bats use both canopy and understory space differently, and that this can change throughout the night. We find that bats are overall more active in the canopy, but multiple species/acoustic complexes are more active in the understory. We also find that species that do not seem to prefer understory or canopy, when data are aggregated by night, do show temporally changing preferences in hourly activity. This work highlights the need to consider temporal axes in studies of space use, both throughout daily cycles and across seasons.</p>
Data from: Spatiotemporal dynamics of the ant community in a dry forest differ by vertical strata but not by successional stage
<p>Ants are diverse and ecologically important organisms in tropical forests, where their spatiotemporal distribution can be highly complex. This complexity arises mainly from marked differences in microclimatic conditions and resource availability through space and time that is even more evident in highly seasonal environments, such as tropical dry forests. However, it is unclear how seasonality interacts with other factors that might shape temporal variation of ant composition (β-diversity), like vertical strata and habitat disturbance. Our goal was to examine the potential influence of vertical stratification and the successional stage on the spatiotemporal variation of a tropical dry forest's ant species composition. We assessed whether species turnover or nestedness was the main component determining the spatiotemporal β-diversity of ant communities across the canopy and litter strata. We sampled canopy and litter ants in ten plots, half in the early and half on the late-stage of secondary succession at four times, twice in wet and twice in dry season. A high species turnover defined the spatiotemporal β-diversity of canopy and litter ant communities across years and seasons in our focal dry forests. Importantly, the temporal ant species composition was much more stable in the canopy than in the litter. Moreover, we found that the ant community's temporal dynamics was consistently high across successional stages, not differing in the temporal β-diversity between early and late succession. Our results provide valuable insights into the potential underlying causes of community assembly and spatiotemporal dynamics in seasonal habitats, like the highly-threatened and diverse tropical dry forests.</p>
Data Sets and Code for Simple formulas for pseudoposition for electrical resistivity and IP in vertical boreholes based on mean positions of the sensistivity
<p>Data and Matlab code in figures.</p>
Data from: Vertical gradients in species richness and community composition across the twilight zone in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Although metazoan animals in the mesopelagic zone play critical roles in deep pelagic food webs and in the attenuation of carbon in midwaters, the diversity of these assemblages is not fully known. A metabarcoding survey of mesozooplankton diversity across the epipelagic, mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic zones (0-1500m) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre revealed far higher estimates of species richness than expected given prior morphology-based studies in the region (4,024 OTUs, 10-fold increase), despite conservative bioinformatic processing. OTU richness of the full assemblage peaked at lower epipelagic-upper mesopelagic depths (100-300m), with slight shoaling of maximal richness at night due to diel vertical migration, in contrast to expectations of a deep mesopelagic diversity maximum as reported for several plankton groups in early systematic and zoogeographic studies. Four distinct depth-stratified species assemblages were identified, with faunal transitions occurring at 100m, 300m, and 500m. Highest diversity occurred in the smallest zooplankton size fractions (0.2-0.5mm), which had significantly lower % OTUs classified due to poor representation in reference databases, suggesting a deep reservoir of poorly understood diversity in the smallest metazoan animals. A diverse meroplankton assemblage also was detected (350 OTUs), including larvae of both shallow and deep living benthic species. Our results provide some of the first insights into the hidden diversity present in zooplankton assemblages in midwaters, and a molecular reappraisal of vertical gradients in species richness, depth distributions, and community composition for the full zooplankton assemblage across the epipelagic, mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic zones.
Vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens on Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. in a remnant of cloud forest in the state of Veracruz, México
<p>It is considered that in the tropics, lichen richness and cover tend to increase from the trunk base to the top of the crown of trees. In this study we calculate total beta diversity of the lichen community along a vertical gradient on Quercus laurina. By comparing the richness and cover of the lichens by zone, we will be able to prove that the foliose and fruticose forms will be the minor component of the total lichen species richness; but with the highest cover with respect to the crustose lichens. Five zones were identified in each phorophyte (n=15) with a diameter at breast height > 40 cm. A total of 92 species were identified, of these, 38% were found only in a single zone, 51% were shared between the different zones, 11% occurred across all zones. Species richness and cover increased from the lowest to the highest zones of phorophytes. Dissimilarity in species composition between the zones, can be explained by species replacement. The Indicator Species Analysis revealed that only a few species such as Hypotrachyna vexans, H. cf. sublaevigata and Ramalina cf. sinaloensis preferred a particular zone. The results obtained to date show that the lichen community associated with Quercus laurina phorophytes is highly diverse. There is a high replacement of species across the different zones. Our results suggest that species richness and cover of the corticolous lichen community are related to the zone and the diverse growth forms.</p>
Data from: Vertical differentiation in tropical forest butterflies: a novel mechanism generating insect diversity?
Many tropical fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies are associated with either the forest canopy or the understory, however, the exceptions offer insights into the origins of tropical diversity. As it occurs in both habitats of tropical forests in Ecuador and Peru, Archaeoprepona demophon is one such exception. We compared patterns of occurrence of A. demophon in the canopy and understory and population genomic variation for evidence of ecological and genetic differentiation between habitats. We found that butterfly occurrences in the canopy were largely uncorrelated with occurrences in the understory at both localities, indicating independent demographic patterns in the two habitats. We also documented modest, significant genome-level differentiation at both localities. Genetic differentiation between habitat types (approximately 20m in elevation) were comparable to levels of differentiation between sampling locations (approximately 1500km). We conclude that canopy and understory populations of A. demophon represent incipient independent evolutionary units. These findings support the hypothesis that divergence between canopy and understory-associated populations might be a mechanism generating insect diversity in the tropics.
Code & Data for "A Kochen-Specker system has at least 22 vertices"
<p>No description provided.</p>
Amatrice Earthquake - Sentinel-1 TOPS - Vertical Motion
<p>Vertical motion component of the Amatrice earthquake from Sentinel-1.</p> <p>A Sentinel-1 TOPS co-seismic interferogram of the Amatrice earthquake in Italy on the 24th of August 2016. Processing was performed with the ESA SNAP toolbox (http://step.esa.int/).</p> <p>S1A data were downloaded from the Sentinel-1 Scientific Data Hub.</p> <p>Contains modified Copernicus data (2016)</p>
Vertical Stratification of Peat Pore Water Dissolved Organic Matter composition in a peat bog in Northern Minnesota
<p>Currently peatlands represent a sink for carbon dioxide and source of atmospheric methane. It is unclear the impact that climate change will have on these systems. As such, a large-scale ecosystem manipulation (Spruce and Peatland Responses under Climatic and Environmental Change, SPRUCE) has been implemented at a peat bog (S1 bog) at the Marcel Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA, to determine the effects of climatic forcing on ecosystem processes in northern peatlands. In this study, we aimed to: (i) identify peat pore water dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition as a function of depth before the initiation of the manipulation experiment and (ii) contribute to the knowledge of DOM chemistry and decomposition processes at the S1 bog. We found strong vertical resolution in DOM molecular composition and optical properties within the peat column at the S1 bog. Surface samples were dominated by inputs from surface vegetation. The mid-depth, 30-75cm was an area of high reactivity and increased microbial activity with diagenetic formation of many unique compounds such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) that contain both nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. These compounds were previously observed in coal-derived products and were assumed to be responsible for coal’s biological activity. Biological processes taking place at the intermediate depth zone of the peat profile at the S1 bog are assumed to be responsible for the formation of these heteroatomic PAC in our system. Conversely, these compounds might stem from black carbon and nitrogen from potential fires that occurred at the site in the past. Surface and deep DOM exhibited more similar characteristics suggesting the possibility of lateral and vertical advection of pore water from the surface to the deeper horizons. Our results highlight the importance of understanding processes that control DOM production and transformation with depth.</p> <p>Included: FTICR MS data and optical properties data</p>
A dataset of ground-based vertical profile observations of aerosol, NO2 and HCHO from the hyperspectral vertical remote sensing network in China (2019-2023)
<p>Vertical <span>profile </span>observations of atmospheric composition are crucial for understanding the generation, evolution, and transport of regional air pollution. However, existing technological limitations and costs have resulted in a scarcity of vertical profil<span>e</span> data. This study <span>introduces </span>a high-<span>time-</span>resolution (approximately 15 minutes) dataset of vertical <span>profile </span>observations of atmospheric composition (aerosols, NO2, and HCHO) conducted using passive remote sensing technology across 32 sites in seven major regions of China from 2019 to 2023. The study meticulously documents the vertical distribution, seasonal <span>variations and </span>diurnal <span>pattern</span> of these pollutants, revealing long-term trends in atmospheric composition across various regions of China. This dataset provides essential scientific evidence for regional environmental management and policy-making. Its sharing <span>would </span>facilitate the scientific community <span>in </span>explor<span>ing</span> of source-receptor relationships, investigating the impacts of atmospheric composition on regional and global climate <span>and </span>feedback mechanisms.</p>
Economic consequences of vertical mismatch
<p>Replication package for the Paper Economic Consequences of Vertical Mismatch published in Quantitative Economics</p>
Supporting data for Shi et al. "Geospace Concussion: Global reversal of ionospheric vertical plasma drift in response to a sudden commencement"
<p>This dataset contains the simulation data supporting the paper titled "Geospace Concussion: Global reversal of ionospheric vertical plasma drift in response to a sudden commencement", submitted by Shi et al., 2022.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.