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297 results for “warbler”
Data from: Early diversification of sperm size in the evolutionary history of the old world leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae)
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Data from: Nest as an extended phenotype signal of female quality in the great reed warbler
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Data from: Weak geographical structure in sperm morphology across the range of two willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus subspecies in Scandinavia
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Data from: Genetic variation and seasonal migratory connectivity in Wilson’s warblers (Wilsonia pusilla): species-level differences in nuclear DNA between western and eastern populations
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Data from: The effects of supplementary food on the breeding performance of Eurasian reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus; implications for climate change impacts
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High resource overlap and small dietary differences are widespread in food-limited warbler communities
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Data from: Lack of habitat segregation and no interspecific territoriality in three syntopic cryptic species of the golden-spectacled warblers Phylloscopus (Seicercus) burkii complex
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Complex post-breeding moult strategies in a songbird migrating along the East Asian flyway, the Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler Locustella certhiola
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Divergence in plumage, voice, and morphology indicates speciation in Rufous-capped Warblers (Basileuterus rufifrons)
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Rapid recovery by fat- and muscle-depleted Blackpoll Warblers following trans-oceanic migration is driven by time-minimization
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Contrasting the suitability of shade coffee agriculture and native forest as overwinter habitat for Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) in the Colombian Andes.
<p>In the Neotropics, coffee production occurs on a large scale in some of the planet's most biodiverse regions: tropical mountains. Coffee production systems involving shade trees are considered to have a lower impact on biodiversity than alternative sun coffee. To date, the majority of evidence for the value of shade coffee plantations has not taken into account the relative quality of this habitat compared to the native forests they replaced. We determined the suitability of shade coffee and forest as winter habitat for Canada Warbler (<i>Cardellina canadensis</i>) by comparing variation in the likelihood of capturing individuals, seasonal changes in body condition, and estimates of annual survival between the two habitats. We also determined the effect of the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event on survival. Males were relatively more likely to be captured in forest than females and this likelihood increased during drier years. Body condition change over the winter and apparent annual survival were very similar for individuals that used forest and coffee. However, condition and survival decreased in both habitats during the El Niño year. Apparent survival was also lower for individuals carrying a radiotag or geolocator. Our findings suggest that <span>shade coffee with high canopy cover and height offers similar benefits to forest in terms of body condition and survival. </span>Landscape conservation approaches, promoting diverse matrices of structurally complex shade coffee and forest might best ensure long-term survival in Neotropical migrants like Canada Warbler.</p>
Implications for evolutionary trends from the pairing frequencies among golden-winged and blue-winged warblers and their hybrids
<p>Extensive range loss for the Golden-winged Warbler (<i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i>) has occurred in areas of intrusion by the Blue-winged Warbler (<i>V. cyanoptera</i>) potentially related to their close genetic relationship. We compiled data on social pairing from nine studies for 2,679 resident <i>Vermivora</i> to assess evolutionary divergence. Hybridization between pure phenotypes occurred with 1.2% of resident males for sympatric populations. Pairing success rates for Golden-winged Warblers was 83% and for Blue-winged Warblers was 77%. Pairing success for the hybrid Brewster's Warbler was significantly lower from both species at 54%, showing sexual selection against hybrids. Backcross frequencies for Golden-winged Warblers at 4.9% was significantly higher than for Blue-winged Warblers at 1.7%. More frequent backcrossing by Golden-winged Warblers, which produces hybrid phenotypes, may contribute to the replacement of Golden-winged by Blue-winged Warblers. Reproductive isolation due to behavioral isolation plus sexual selection against hybrids was 0.966. Our analyses suggest that plumage differences are the main driving force for this strong isolation with reduced hybrid fitness contributing to a lesser degree. The major impact of plumage differences to reproductive isolation is compatible with genomic analyses (Toews et al. 2016), which showed the largest genetic difference between these phenotypes occurred with plumage genes. These phenotypes have maintained morphological, behavioral, and ecological differences during two centuries of hybridization. Our estimate of reproductive isolation supports recognition of these phenotypes as two species. The decline and extirpation of the Golden-winged Warbler in almost all areas of recent sympatry suggest that continued coexistence of both species will require eco-geographic isolation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Morphological traits influence food choice by coexisting New World warbler (Parulidae) species
<p>New World wood warblers (Parulidae) represent one of the most dramatic adaptive radiations in North America. However, the ecological bases for these species' evolved morphological differences remain poorly understood, especially considering how many foraging and habitat studies the family has inspired. We hypothesized relationships between morphology and diet in parulids. We combined a principal component analysis (PCA) of 18 external morphological traits from 11 species with stomach content data from coexisting species in one breeding community in Louisiana and three wintering communities in Jamaica. The primary morphological differences, corresponding with the first three PCA axes, were body size, morphological adaptations for aerial foraging versus gleaning, and arboreal versus ground adaptations. Our analysis revealed little morphological overlap among all 11 species. Diet differences among the bird species showed a significant relationship to the first two PCA axes of morphological traits. For five coexisting, foliage-gleaning species wintering in Jamaican wet limestone forest, larger warblers ate larger beetles and Orthopterans but not larger ants. In analyses including all four communities, warbler species with aerial foraging morphologies consumed a greater proportion of winged insects than other warbler species. Overall, our results indicate that food and foraging have likely played an integral role in the morphological diversification and coexistence of Parulidae.</p>
Habitat-specific survival of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) during the non-breeding season in an agricultural landscape
<p>Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds are considered priority species for conservation because they are subject to threats at distinct breeding, migratory and stopover locations throughout their annual cycle, and many species have undergone severe population declines. Research during the non-breeding season has focused on identifying the locations and habitats that migrants use, but wintering migrants are known to occupy habitats of both high and low quality, especially when the best sites are saturated by conspecifics. Thus, the presence or abundance of a species may not be a reliable indicator of winter habitat quality. The habitat associations of the golden-winged warbler <i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i>, a Nearctic-Neotropical migrant bird species of elevated conservation concern, are relatively well studied, yet conservation efforts are hindered by lack of information about basic demographic rates. In particular, no published estimates exist for non-breeding season survival, which can be a key vital rate affecting population viability, nor how survival rates vary among habitats, which is important to designing conservation programs to support populations during the winter period. We studied a color-banded population of golden-winged warblers in Costa Rica over a 3-year period and estimated overall survival rates, and the effects of habitat characteristics on survival. We found that monthly survival of juveniles (0.881) was lower than adult birds (0.978). Monthly survival during the non-breeding season (0.967) was higher than monthly survival during the rest of the annual cycle (0.930). Survival was negatively related to canopy height, and we observed a significant quadratic effect where survival peaked at intermediate levels of vine tangles and dead hanging leaves, which corresponds to habitat features associated with abundance in prior studies at this same site. Our findings contribute to our existing knowledge about the potential impacts of winter-season events on Nearctic-Neotropical migratory bird populations, and also informs potential conservation strategies for wintering golden-winged warblers.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary dynamics of Rh2 opsins in birds demonstrate an episode of accelerated evolution in the New World warblers (Setophaga)
Low rates of sequence evolution associated with purifying selection can be interrupted by episodic changes in selective regimes. Visual pigments are a unique system in which we can investigate the functional consequences of genetic changes, therefore connecting genotype to phenotype in the context of natural and sexual selection pressures. We study the RH2 and RH1 visual pigments (opsins) across 22 bird species belonging to two ecologically convergent clades, the New World warblers (Parulidae) and Old World warblers (Phylloscopidae) and evaluate rates of evolution in these clades along with data from 21 additional species. We demonstrate generally slow evolution of these opsins: both Rh1 and Rh2 are highly conserved across Old World and New World warblers. However, Rh2 underwent a burst of evolution within the New World genus Setophaga, where it accumulated substitutions at 6 amino acid sites across the species we studied. Evolutionary analyses revealed a significant increase in dN/dS in Setophaga, implying relatively strong selective pressures to overcome long-standing purifying selection. We studied the effects of each substitution on spectral tuning and found they do not cause large spectral shifts. Thus, substitutions may reflect other aspects of opsin function, such as those affecting photosensitivity and/or dark–light adaptation. Although it is unclear what these alterations mean for colour perception, we suggest that rapid evolution is linked to sexual selection, given the exceptional plumage colour diversification in Setophaga.
Data from: Examining carry‐over effects of winter habitat on breeding phenology and reproductive success in prairie warblers (Setophaga discolor)
Winter habitat quality can influence breeding phenology and reproductive success of migratory birds. Using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) from bird claws and red blood cells collected in Massachusetts, USA, we assessed if winter habitat occupancy carried over to affect prairie warbler (Setophaga discolor) breeding arrival dates, body condition upon arrival, pairing success, first-egg dates, and reproductive success. In two of three years (in 2011 and 2012, but not in 2013), after-second-year (ASY) males wintering in drier habitat, as indicated by enriched δ13C values, arrived later on the breeding grounds. Based on the North Atlantic Oscillation index, there was likely less rainfall in the Caribbean wintering grounds during the winters of 2011 and 2012 compared to the winter of 2013, suggesting increased winter rainfall in 2013 may have diminished the influence of winter habitat occupancy on arrival date. We did not find any effects of winter habitat on breeding season phenomena for second-year (SY) males or females, but our sample sizes for these age/sex classes were relatively low. Although winter habitat quality influenced arrival dates of ASY males, there was no evidence that it affected reproductive performance, perhaps because of high rates of nest depredation in our system. Our study adds to a growing body of research that shows the influence of carry-over effects can differ among species and within populations, and also can be modulated by other environmental conditions. This information enriches our understanding of the role of carry-over effects in population limitation for migratory birds.
Data from: Environmental determinism, and not interspecific competition, drive morphological variability in Australasian warblers (Acanthizidae)
Interspecific competition is thought to play a key role in determining the coexistence of closely related species within adaptive radiations. Competition for ecological resources can lead to different outcomes from character displacement to, ultimately, competitive exclusion. Accordingly, divergent natural selection should disfavor those species that are the most similar to their competitor in resource use, thereby increasing morphological disparity. Here we examined ecomorphological variability within an Australo-Papuan bird radiation, the Acanthizidae, which include both allopatric and sympatric complexes. In addition, we investigated whether morphological similarities between species are related to environmental factors at fine- (foraging niche) and/or large-scale (climate). Contrary to that predicted by the competition hypothesis, we did not find a significant correlation between the morphological similarities found between species and their degree of range overlap. Comparative modelling based on both a priori and data-driven identification of selective regimes suggested that foraging niche is a poor predictor of morphological variability in acanthizids. By contrast, our results indicate that climatic conditions were an important factor in the formation of morphological variation. We found a significant negative correlation between species scores for PC1 (positively associated to tarsus length and tail length) and both temperature and precipitation, whereas PC2 (positively associated to bill length and wing length) correlated positively with precipitation. In addition, we found that species inhabiting the same region are closer to each other in morphospace than to species outside that region regardless of genus to which they belong or its foraging strategy. Our results indicate that the conservative body form of acanthizids is one that can work under a wide variety of environments (an all-purpose morphology) and the observed interspecific similarity is probably driven by the common response to environment.
Data from: Spatial distribution of nests constrains the strength of sexual selection in a warbler
In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity may increase the strength of inter-sexual selection by allowing males with preferred phenotypes to monopolize matings. Several studies have found relationships between male signals and extra-pair mating, but many others fail to explain variation in extra-pair mating success. A greater appreciation for the role that ecological contingencies play in structuring behavioral processes may help to reconcile contradictory results. We studied extra-pair mating in a spatial context in the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), a territorial wood warbler. Over the course of six years, we observed 158 breeding attempts by 99 males, resulting in a total of 369 nests and 520 sampled nestlings. The spatial distribution of territories varied greatly, with males having between 0 and 10 close neighbors and between 3 and 39 neighboring nestlings close enough to represent extra-pair siring opportunities. Both within-pair and extra-pair reproductive success increased with breeding density, but the opportunity for sexual selection and strength of selection varied with density. Total variance in reproductive success was highest at low density and was mostly explained by variation in within-pair success. In contrast, at high density, both within-pair and extra-pair success contributed substantially to variance in reproductive success. The relationships between plumage and extra-pair mating also varied by density; plumage was under strong sexual selection via extra-pair mating success at high density but no selection was detected at low density. Thus, ecological factors that structure social interactions can drive patterns of sexual selection by facilitating or constraining the expression of mating preferences.
Evidence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) in east-central Arkansas, USA
<p>Nest material kleptoparasitism likely evolved in birds to reduce the cost of searching for and collecting material themselves. Although nest material kleptoparasitism has been reported commonly in colonially nesting species, reports for solitary breeding species are infrequent, especially for neotropical migratory species. Here we report potential and actual nest material kleptoparasitism in the Worm-eating Warbler (<i>Helmitheros vermivorum</i>). We deployed video camera systems at passerine nests (n = 81) in east-central Arkansas during summers 2011–2012. In one video, we observed a Worm-eating Warbler stealing nesting material from a Hooded Warbler (<i>Setophaga citrina</i>) nest. One day later, we later observed a Worm-eating Warbler landing within 0.5 m of the same warbler nest when the female was incubating, which possibly deterred a second theft of nesting material. In a third video recording, we observed another Worm-eating Warbler landing within 1 m of an Indigo Bunting (<i>Passerina cyanea</i>) nest. As far as we could determine, neither of these latter two nest visits resulted in nest material kleptoparasitism. Potential benefits of nest material kleptoparasitism include reduced competition for limited nest materials, easy access to suitable material, reduced travel distance, and reduction of nest predation risk; however, costs include risk of attack by host or introducing parasites to one's nest. Importantly, this behavior could ultimately affect the behavioral and life history evolution of a species. We suggest further work should be conducted to determine the prevalence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers and other solitary breeding passerines, including efforts to quantify the benefits and costs of this behavior.</p>
Data in support of Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of Golden-winged Warblers
<p>This dataset contains observations of parental care and movement for divided broods of Golden-winged Warblers tracked from fledging until indpendence at three sites in Minnesota and Manitoba. Movement data consists of minimum daily distance (i.e., the linear distance between daily locations) and daily change in azimuth (i.e., the daily change in direction traveled relative to the previous day). Parental care data includes, parental attendance, provisioning rate, unattended begging rate (i.e., fledgling begging without a parent present), and total begging rate. We also include spatial data in the form of distance between sub-broods and within sub-broods. These data can be used to replicate the findings of the publication "Patterns of Parental Care and Movement in Divided Broods of Golden-winged Warblers", published in the Journal of Avian Biology. Detailed methodology may be found in that manuscript.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.