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FIGURES 17–19 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 17–19. Sexual female Disholcaspis mamillana, (17) propodeum; (18) wing; (19) ventral hypopygial spine; (20) sexual generation gall.

FIGURES 27–30 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 27–30. Sexual females Disholcaspis prehensa, (27) propodeum; (28) propodeum; (29) wing; (30) ventral hypopygial spine.

FIGURES 21–26. Sexual female D in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 21–26. Sexual female D. prehensa, (21) lateral habitus; (22) antenna; (23) anterior head; (24) dorsal head; (25) lateral mesosoma; (26) dorsal mesosoma.

FIGURES 8–10 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 8–10. (8) Ventral hypopygial spine, Disholcaspis corallina; (9) ventral hypopygial spine, D. chrysolepidis; (10) Quercus sp. leaf petioles curling around a Disholcaspis sexual generation gall with one leaf removed so that you can see the gall.

FIGURES 2–7 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 2–7. (2) Gall asexual generation Disholcaspis edura; (3) Gall asexual generation D. spissa; 4–7 asexual generation D. quercusglobulus (4) dorsal mesosoma; (5) propodeum; (6) lateral metasoma; (7) ventral hypopygial spine.

FIGURES 11–16. 11–13 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 11–16. 11–13 Sexual female Disholcaspis mamillana, (11) lateral habitus; (12) antenna; (13) anterior head; (14) dorsal head; (15) lateral mesosoma, (16) dorsal mesosoma.

FIGURE 3 in A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini)

FIGURE 3. Sphaeroplotina varimarginata Tong & Wang sp. nov., habitus: a, d dorsal view, b, e lateral view, c, f frontal view, g ventral view, h prothorax, ventral view, i maxilla, j metaventrite, k fore leg, l middle leg. Scale bars: a–g: 0.5 mm; h–l: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree for cytb and ITS2 in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree for cytb and ITS2, for known species of Disholcaspis and unidentified specimens. Names starting with "D_" represent specimens from Nicholls et al. (2017). Names starting with USNM are newly collected; those in blue (only) can be assigned to previously-described species based on phylogenetic placement, genetic distances, and host plant data. Bootstrap values above 50% are shown to the left of the nodes.

FIGURES 36–41. Asexual female D. erugomamma n in Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre And Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)

FIGURES 36–41. Asexual female D. erugomamma n. sp. (36) lateral habitus, (37) antenna; (38) anterior head, (39) posterior head, (40) dorsal head, (41) dorsal mesosoma.

FIGURE 6 in A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini)

FIGURE 6. Distribution map of the genus Sphaeroplotoina Miyatake. ● Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969; ▲ Sphaeroplotina varimarginata Tong & Wang sp. nov.

FIGURE 5. Abdominal ventrite 7 in A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini)

FIGURE 5. Abdominal ventrite 7 in male: a Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969; b Sphaeroplotina varimarginata Tong & Wang sp. nov.; c Plotina signatella Wang et Ren, 2011; d Plotina muelleri Mader, 1955. Scale bars: 0. 1 mm

FIGURE 1. Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969 in A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini)

FIGURE 1. Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969, habitus: a dorsal view, b lateral view, c frontal view, d ventral view, e prothorax, ventral view, f antenna, g mandible, left, dorsal view, h mandible, right, dorsal view, i maxilla, j labium, k abdomen, male l middle leg m hind leg. Scale bars: a–d: 0.5 mm; e–m: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969 a–d in A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini)

FIGURE 2. Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969 a–d male genitalia: a penis, b apex of penis, c tegmen, lateral view, d tegmen, ventral view, e–f female genitalia: e spermatheca, f ovipositor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

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Data from: Physical and ecological isolation contribute to maintain genetic differentiation between fire salamander subspecies

<p>Landscape features shape patterns of gene flow among populations, ultimately determining where taxa lay along the continuum between panmixia to complete reproductive isolation. Gene flow can be restricted leading to population differentiation in two non-exclusive ways: "physical isolation", in which geographic distance in combination with the landscape features restricts movement of individuals promoting genetic drift, and "ecological isolation", in which adaptive mechanisms constrain gene flow between different environments via divergent natural selection. In central Iberia, two fire salamander subspecies occur in parapatry across elevation gradients along the Iberian Central System mountains, while in adjacent Mountains of Toledo Region only one of them occurs. By integrating population and landscape genetic analyses, we show a ubiquitous role of physical isolation between and within mountain ranges, with unsuitable landscapes increasing differentiation between populations. However, across the Iberian Central System, we found strong support for a significant contribution of ecological isolation, with low genetic differentiation in environmentally homogeneous areas, but high differentiation across sharp transitions in precipitation seasonality. These patterns are consistent with a significant contribution of ecological isolation in restricting gene flow among subspecies. Overall, our results suggest that ecological divergence contributes to reduce genetic admixture, creating an opportunity for lineages to follow distinct evolutionary trajectories.</p>

FIGURES 49–53 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 49–53. Habitus and male genitalia of Anomala bella Arrow, 1917 from Yunnan. 49, habitus of male; 50, habitus of female; 51, male genitalia in right lateral view; 52, male genitalia in left lateral view; 53, male genitalia in dorsal view.

FIGURES 33–43 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 33–43. Habitus and male genitalia of Anomala spp. 33–34, habitus of A. huangyuzhoui Zhao, new species (holotype); 35, habitus of female A. huangyuzhoui (paratype, images ©Carsten Zorn); 36–39, male genitalia of A. huangyuzhoui (holotype); 40–43, male genitalia of A. sericipennis Lin, 2002 (Guangdong, Nanling); 33, 35, 36, 40, dorsal view; 34, 37, 41, ventral view; 38, 42, right lateral view; 39, 43, left lateral view.

FIGURES 44–48. 44 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 44–48. 44, head of Anomala dianopicta Zhao, new species (holotype); 45, pygidium of A. dianopicta (holotype); 46, head of A. huangyuzhoui Zhao, new species (holotype); 47, pygidium of A. huangyuzhoui (paratype, Hunan); 48, a living male of A. dianopicta (paratype, Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa) photo by Xiao-Di Shi.

FIGURES 30–32. Widened primary costa 4 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 30–32. Widened primary costa 4 of Anomala spp. 30, A. dianopicta Zhao, new species (holotype), 31, A. blaisei Ohaus, 1914 (Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao); 32, A. myriopila Lin, 2002 (Hainan, Yinggeling). Interstices III and IV are marked in red and blue respecitively.

FIGURES 13–29 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 13–29. Male genitalia of Anomala spp. 13–15, A. blaisei Ohaus, 1914 (Yunnan, Mengla, Lvshilin); 16–18, A. blaisei (Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao); 19–21, A. blaisei (syntype from Annam, Keng-Trap, images ©Carsten Zorn); 22–24, A. myriopila Lin, 2002 (Hainan, Yinggeling); 25–27, A. dianopicta Zhao, new species (holotype); 28–29, A. tricolorea Ohaus, 1915 (modified from Ohaus 1915); 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, dorsal view; 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 28 ventral view; 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, right lateral view; 29, left lateral view.

FIGURES 1–6 in Contribution to the genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Rutelinae) of China and adjacent regions. Part I: descriptions of two new species and remarks on four species

FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Anomala dianopicta Zhao, new species. 1–2, 7–9, holotype; 3, male paratype (Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa); 4–6, female paratypes (Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa); 1, 3, 4, 6, dorsal view; 2, 5, ventral view.