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5,828 results for “Traits”
Data from: Evolutionary potential in the Alpine: trait heritabilities and performance variation of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea from different elevations and microhabitats
Alpine ecosystems are seriously threatened by climate change. One of the key mechanisms by which plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions is through evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the evolutionary potential in wild populations of long-lived alpine plants. Here, we investigated heritabilities of phenological traits, leaf size, and performance traits in natural populations of the long-lived alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea using relatedness estimates inferred from SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Salix herbacea occurs in early- and late-snowmelt microhabitats (ridges and snowbeds), and we assessed how performance consequences of phenological traits and leaf size differ between these microhabitats in order to infer potential for evolutionary responses. Salix herbacea showed low, but significant, heritabilities of leaf size, clonal and sexual reproduction, and moderate heritabilities of phenological traits. In both microhabitats, we found that larger leaves, longer intervals between snowmelt and leaf expansion, and longer GDD (growing-degree days) until leaf expansion resulted in a stronger increase in the number of stems (clonal reproduction). In snowbeds, clonal reproduction increased with a shorter GDD until flowering, while the opposite was found on ridges. Furthermore, the proportion of flowering stems increased with GDD until flowering in both microhabitats. Our results suggest that the presence of significant heritable variation in morphology and phenology might help S. herbacea to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, it remains to be seen if the rate of such an evolutionary response can keep pace with the rapid rate of climate change.
Data from: Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats
Background: The optimal allocation of resources to sexual signals and other life history traits is usually dependent on an individual's condition, while variation in the expression of sexual traits across environments depends on the combined effects of local adaptation, mean condition, and phenotypic responses to environment-specific cues that affect resource allocation. A clear contrast can often be drawn between natural habitats and novel habitats, such as forest plantations and urban areas. In some species, males seem to change their sexual signals in these novel environments, but why this occurs and how it affects signal reliability is still poorly understood. Results: The relative size of sexual traits and level of immune responses were significantly lower for male palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus caught in pine and eucalyptus plantations compared to those caught in native forests, but there was no habitat-dependent difference in body condition (n= 18 sites, 382 males). The reliability with which sexual traits signalled body condition and immune responses was the same in all three habitats. Finally, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which males were maintained in pine, eucalypt or oak infused water for 21 days. Males in plantation-like water (pine or eucalypt) showed significantly lower immune responses but no change in body condition. This matches the pattern seen for field-caught males. Unlike field-caught males, however, there was no relationship between water type and relative sexual trait size. Conclusions: Pine and eucalyptus plantations are likely to be detrimental to male palmate newt because they are associated with reduced immune function and smaller sexual traits. This could be because ecological aspects of these novel habitats, such as high water turbidity or changes in male-male competition, drive selection for reduced investment into sexual traits. However, it is more probable that there are differences in the ease of acquisition, hence optimal allocation, of resources among habitats. Our mesocosm experiment also provides some evidence that water toxicity is a causal factor. Our findings offer insights into how plantations affect amphibian life histories, and how novel habitats might generate long-term selection for new resource allocation strategies in native species.
Data from: Detrital traits affect substitutability of a range-expanding foundation species across latitude
Climate-driven range shifts of foundation species could alter ecosystem processes and community composition by providing different resources than resident foundation species. Along the US Atlantic coast, the northward expanding foundation species, black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, is replacing the dominant salt marsh foundation species, marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. These species have distinct detrital attributes that ostensibly provide different resources to epifauna. We experimentally examined how detritus of these species affects decomposition and community composition in different habitat contexts at regional and local scales. First, we manipulated detritus identity (Avicennia, Spartina) at 13 sites across a 5° latitudinal gradient spanning mangrove, mixed marsh-mangrove, and salt marsh habitats. Across latitude, we found that Avicennia detritus decomposed 2-4 times faster than Spartina detritus, suggesting that detrital turnover will increase with mangrove expansion. Epifaunal abundance and richness increased 2-7 times from south to north (mangrove to salt marsh) and were equivalent between Avicennia and Spartina detritus except for crabs, a dominant taxonomic group that preferred Spartina detritus. Second, to examine the whether changing habitat context affected regional patterns, we manipulated detritus identity and surrounding habitat type (mangrove, salt marsh) at a single mixed site, also including inert mimics to separate structural and nutritional roles of detritus. Epifaunal richness was similar between the two detrital types, but crabs were 2-7 times more abundant in Spartina detritus, due to its structural attributes. Surrounding habitat type did not influence decomposition rate or community patterns, which suggests that latitudinal influences, not surrounding habitat, drove the regional community patterns in the first experiment. Overall, mangrove expansion could alter epifaunal communities due to the lower structural value and faster turnover of mangrove detritus. As species shift with changing climate, understanding foundation species substitutability is critical to predict community change, but we must account for concomitant environmental changes that also modify communities.
Data from: Dissecting the variation of a visual trait: the proximate basis of UV-Visible reflectance in crab spiders (Thomisidae)
1. The astounding diversity of animal colouration is indicative of a wide variety of selection pressures. Despite great interest in adaptive function, detailed understanding of the constituent elements of colour traits is lacking for many systems. Such information is important in allowing more accurate appraisals of colour variation and its potential production costs. 2. In this study, we 'dissect' the dorsal colour of crab spiders (Thomisidae) to examine the mechanistic basis of a polyphenic colour trait. These spiders possess the ability to alter reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue wavelengths, changing their colour within days. We investigate and compare the proximate mechanistic basis of colour production in multiple phenotypes of three species using histology and spectrophotometry. 3. Our analyses indicate that the spider cuticle is not equivalently transparent to light across the spectrum (300-700 nm) – as previously argued – and contributes to colour variation. UV light is reflected from guanine crystals, present in storage cells ventral to the hypodermis. The crystals are exposed through a partially UV-transmitting hypodermis and cuticle. Variation from white to yellow is likely mediated through pigments/crystals present in different oxidative stages in the hypodermal cells. 4. Simple mechanistic changes are therefore necessary to produce the observed variation, and likely underlie the evolutionary and ontogenetic lability of this trait. Our findings imply that either a UV-reflective abdomen was the ancestral state for crab spiders, or, if pre-dated by UV-absorbent hypodermal pigments, the evolution of UV-reflection has only involved the exposure of underlying guanine crystals through an otherwise clear hypodermis.
Data from: Variation in age, body size, and reproductive traits among urban and rural amphibian populations
Although amphibians use human-created habitats in urban landscapes, few studies have investigated the quality of these habitats. To assess habitat quality of stormwater management ponds and adjacent urban uplands forwood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), we compared life history characteristics between populations breeding across an urbanization gradient. Specifically, we compared body size, ages of breeding adults, and female reproductive investment among urban, suburban, and rural populations in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. Although there was variation in age at maturity among populations, ages of breeding adults did not differ among urban, suburban, and rural areas. Maternal body size strongly influenced reproductive investment in both species, but relationships did not vary among urban, suburban, and rural populations. Adult wood frogs and American toads from more urbanized landscapes were significantly smaller at age than conspecifics from rural landscapes; the magnitude of differences was similar across adult age classes. Our results suggest that in the urban and rural landscapes that we studied, adult habitats are similar in quality, but either larval or juvenile habitats may be of lower quality in urban areas.
Data from: Phylogeny, traits and biodiversity of a neotropical bat assemblage: close relatives show similar responses to local deforestation
If species' evolutionary pasts predetermine their responses to evolutionarily novel stressors, then phylogeny could predict species survival in an increasingly human-dominated world. To understand the role of phylogenetic relatedness in structuring responses to rapid environmental change, we focused on assemblages of Neotropical bats, an ecologically diverse and functionally important group. We examined how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity shift between tropical forest and farmland. We then explored the importance of evolutionary history by ascertaining whether close relatives share similar responses to environmental change and which species traits might mediate these trends. We analyzed a 5-year data set (5,011 captures) from 18 sites in a countryside landscape in southern Costa Rica using statistical models that account and correct for imperfect detection of species across sites, spatial autocorrelation, and consideration of spatial scale. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity decreased with deforestation, and assemblages became more phylogenetically clustered. Species' responses to deforestation were strongly phylogenetically correlated. Body mass and absolute wing loading explained a substantial portion of species variation in species' habitat preferences, likely related to these traits' influence on maneuverability in cluttered forest environments. Our findings highlight the role that evolutionary history plays in determining which species will survive human impacts and the need to consider diversity metrics, evolutionary history, and traits together when making predictions about species persistence for conservation or ecosystem functioning.
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Processed data from "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"
<p>This is the processed data from our manscript "Human and rat skeletal muscle single-nuclei multi-omic integrative analyses nominate causal cell types, regulatory elements, and SNPs for complex traits"</p>
Finding Relationships between Socio-technical Aspects and Personality Traits by Mining Developer E-mails - Dataset
<p>Building on the work done by Gonzalez-Barahona et al. [1] we used the data of the Eclipse project available at [2], with information from the following repositories: source code management (git), issue tracking (Bugzilla), mailing lists (archived<br /> in mbox format), and code review (Gerrit). From the dumps that are provided by Metrics Grimoire, the databases were restored and the datasets used in the experimental stage were built.<br /> Since we are interested in identifying relationships between social and technical aspects in the evolution of FLOSS projects, the source code repository and the mailing lists are the most relevant data for the purpose of this work. Specifically, we used the data of the Eclipse Platform subproject, which in turn is divided into the following components: Ant - Eclipse/Ant integration, Workspace (Team, CVS,<br /> Compare, Resources) - Platform resource management, Debug - Generic execution debug framework, Releng - Release Engineering, Search - Integrated search facility, SWT - Standard Widget Toolkit, Text - Text editor framework and UI - Platform user interface, runtime and help components.</p>
Dataset from the Am J Bot 2016 103(9) paper: "Disentangling plasticity of serotiny, a key adaptive trait in a Mediterranean conifer"
<p>Raw data from the American Journal of Botany paper: "Disentangling plasticity of serotiny, a key adaptive trait in a Mediterranean conifer" Am J Bot. 2016 Sep;103(9):1582-91. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1600199</p>
FIGURE 6. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 6. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., scanning electron micrographs. A—operculum, B—middle (below) and inner (center to upper) paleae, C—close-up of outer paleae, D—E—distal end of outer paleae, F—nuchal spines, G—abdominal uncini. Scales on images. Scale: 0.2mm in A, 0.1mm in B, D, 0.05mm in C, E, 0.02mm in F, 0.01mm in G.
FIGURE 5. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 5. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., outline drawings of paleae, chaetae, hooks and uncini. A—outer paleae, B, C—middle paleae, D—inner paleae, E–H—distal end of outer paleae, I—nuchal hook (spine), J—parathoracic chaetae, K—thoracic chaetae, L—abdominal uncini. E–L are drawn from SEM figures. Scale: 100 µm in A—I, 20 µm in J and K, 10 µm in L.
FIGURE 2. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 2. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., outline drawings of the holotype. A—anterior end, lateral view, B—same, ventral view, C—same, dorsal view, D—anterior view of opercular disc showing the rows of paleae. Scales 1mm (upper in A-C, lower in D).
FIGURE 4. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 4. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., compound microscope images. A–C—outer paleae, D—middle paleae, E—inner paleae, F—nuchal spines. Scale: 0.2mm in A, B, D, E, 0.05mm in C, 0.025mm in F.
FIGURE 8. Sabellaria jeramae n in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 8. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp., light and compound microscope images of abdominal and caudal features. A—first two abdominal chaetigers abdominal notopodia and neuropodia, B—posterior abdominal chaetigers and cauda, dorsal view, Csame, lateral view, D—same ventral view, E—abdominal neurochaetae, F—uncini anterior abdominal chaetigers, G—same, mid-abdominal chaetigers, H, I—same, posterior abdominal chaetigers. Scale: 0.5mm in A-D, 0.02mm in E-I.
FIGURE 1 in Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs
FIGURE 1. Map of the Malay Archipelago and Jeram Beach. A—Malay Peninsula, B—Jeram Beach (with an arrow) and adjacent area: detail of arrowed site in A near Kuala Lumpur, C—view of Sabellaria jeramae n. sp. reef, D and E – detail of small clumps of Sabellaria jeramae n. sp.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.