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7,195 results for “SET”
Data from: Improving PCR detection of prey in molecular diet studies: importance of group-specific primer set selection and extraction protocol performances
While morphological identification of prey remains in feces of predators is the method most commonly used to study trophic interactions, many studies indicate that this method does not detect all consumed prey. Polymerase Chain Reaction based methods are increasingly used to detect prey DNA in the predator food bolus and have proved themselves efficient, with high accuracy. When studying complex diet samples, the extraction of total DNA is a critical step, as PCR inhibitors may be co-extracted. Another critical step consist in carefully select suitable group-specific primer sets that should only amplify prey DNA from the targeted taxon. In this study, the food boluses of five Rattus rattus and seven Rattus exulans were analyzed using both morphological and molecular methods. We tested a panel of 30 PCR specific primer sets targeting Bird, Invertebrate and Plant sequences and four were finally selected to be use as group-specific primer pairs in PCR protocols. The performances of four DNA extraction protocols (QIAamp DNA stool mini kit, DNeasy mericon food kit and two CTAB-based methods) were compared using four variables: DNA concentration, A260/A280 absorbance ratio, food compartment analyzed (stomach or fecal contents), total number of prey specific PCR amplification per sample. Our results clearly indicate that the A260/A280 absorbance ratio, which varies between extraction protocols, is positively correlated to the number of PCR amplifications of each prey taxon. We recommend using the DNeasy mericon food kit (Qiagen), which yielded results very similar to those achieved with the morphological approach.
Data from: Genome-wide assessment of population structure and genetic diversity and development of a core germplasm set for sweet potato based on specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., is an important food crop that is cultivated worldwide. However, no genome-wide assessment of the genetic diversity of sweet potato has been reported to date. In the present study, the population structure and genetic diversity of 197 sweet potato accessions most of which were from China were assessed using 62,363 SNPs. A model-based structure analysis divided the accessions into three groups: group 1, group 2 and group 3. The genetic relationships among the accessions were evaluated using a phylogenetic tree, which clustered all the accessions into three major groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the accessions were distributed according to their population structure. The mean genetic distance among accessions ranged from 0.290 for group 1 to 0.311 for group 3, and the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.232 for group 1 to 0.251 for group 3. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) ranged from 0.207 for group 1 to 0.222 for group 3. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the maximum diversity was within accessions (89.569%). Using CoreHunter software, a core set of 39 accessions was obtained, which accounted for approximately 19.8% of the total collection. The core germplasm set of sweet potato developed will be a valuable resource for future sweet potato improvement strategies.
Set Data Uji Statistik Hasil Pemeriksaan ABI
<p>Set data uji statistik hasil pemeriksaan ABI di Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari</p>
Data from: Eelgrass (Zostera marina) food web structure in different environmental settings
This study compares the structure of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows and associated food webs in two eelgrass habitats in Denmark, differing in exposure, connection to the open sea, nutrient enrichment and water transparency. Meadow structure strongly reflected the environmental conditions in each habitat. The eutrophicated, protected site had higher biomass of filamentous algae, lower eelgrass biomass and shoot density, longer and narrower leaves, and higher above to below ground biomass ratio compared to the less nutrient-enriched and more exposed site. The faunal community composition and food web structure also differed markedly between sites with the eutrophicated, enclosed site having higher biomass of consumers and less complex food web. These relationships resulted in a column shaped biomass distribution of the consumers at the eutrophicated site whereas the less nutrient-rich site showed a pyramidal biomass distribution of consumers coupled with a more diverse consumer community. The differences in meadow and food web structure of the two seagrass habitats, suggest how physical setting may shape ecosystem response and resilience to anthropogenic pressure. We encourage larger, replicated studies to further disentangle the effects of different environmental variables on seagrass food web structure.
Data from: Seed set variation in wild Clarkia populations: teasing apart the effects of seasonal resource depletion, pollen quality, and pollen quantity
In habitats where resource availability declines during the growing season, selection may favor early-flowering individuals. Under such ephemerally favorable conditions, late-blooming species (and individuals) may be particularly vulnerable to resource limitation of seed production. In California, a region prone to seasonal drought, members of the annual genus Clarkia are among the last to flower in the spring. We compared pollen limitation (PL) of seed set and outcrossing rates between early- and late-flowering individuals in two mixed-mating Clarkia taxa to detect whether flowering time is associated with changes in seed set due to resource depletion, PL, or increased selfing. In 2008–2010, we hand-pollinated one flower on a total of 1855 individual plants either Early (near the onset of flowering) or Late (near the end of flowering) in the flowering season and compared seed set to adjacent, open-pollinated flowers on the same stem. To assess the contribution of pollen quality to reproduction, we first (2008) used allozymes to estimate outcrossing rates of seeds produced by Early and Late open-pollinated flowers. Second (2009), we conducted an anther-removal experiment to estimate self-pollen deposition. Seed set in Clarkia unguiculata was not pollen-limited. Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana was pollen-limited in 2008 and 2010, but not 2009. PL did not differ between Early and Late treatments. In both taxa, seed set of Early flowers was greater than Late flowers, but not due to PL in the latter. Reproduction was generally pollinator-dependent. Most pollen deposition was xenogamous, and outcrossing rates were >0.7 – and similar between Early and Late periods. These results suggest that pollen receipt and pollen quality remain seasonally consistent. By contrast, the resources necessary to provision seeds decline, reducing the fitness benefits associated with resource allocation to ovules.
Habitat light sets the boundaries for the rapid evolution of cichlid fish vision, while sexual selection can tune it within those limits
Cichlid fishes' famous diversity in body coloration is accompanied by a highly diverse and complex visual system. Although cichlids possess an unusually high number of seven cone opsin genes, they express only a subset of these during their ontogeny, accounting for their astonishing interspecific variation in visual sensitivities. Much of this diversity is thought to have been shaped by natural selection as cichlids inhabit a variety of habitats with distinct light environments. Also, sexual selection might have contributed to the observed visual diversity, and sexual dimorphism in coloration potentially co-evolved with sexual dimorphism in opsin expression. We investigated sex-specific opsin expression of several cichlids from Africa and the Neotropics and collected and integrated datasets on sex-specific body coloration, species-specific visual sensitivities, lens transmission and habitat light properties for some of them. We comparatively analyzed this wide range of molecular and ecological data, illustrating how integrative approaches can address specific questions on the factors and mechanisms driving diversification, and the evolution of cichlid vision in particular. We found that both sexes expressed opsins at the same levels - even in sexually dimorphic cichlid species – which argues against coevolution of sexual dichromatism and differences in sex-specific visual sensitivity. Rather, a combination of environmental light properties and body coloration shaped the diversity in spectral sensitivities among cichlids. We conclude that although cichlids are particularly colorful and diverse and often sexually dimorphic, it would appear that natural rather than sexual selection is a more powerful force driving visual diversity in this hyper-diverse lineage.
Data from: A universal probe set for targeted sequencing of 353 nuclear genes from any flowering plant designed using k-medoids clustering
Sequencing of target-enriched libraries is an efficient and cost-effective method for obtaining DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogeny reconstruction. Much of the cost of developing targeted sequencing approaches is associated with the generation of preliminary data needed for the identification of orthologous loci for probe design. In plants, identifying orthologous loci has proven difficult due to a large number of whole-genome duplication events, especially in the angiosperms (flowering plants). We used multiple sequence alignments from over 600 angiosperms for 353 putatively single-copy protein-coding genes identified by the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative to design a set of targeted sequencing probes for phylogenetic studies of any angiosperm group. To maximize the phylogenetic potential of the probes while minimizing the cost of production, we introduce a k-medoids clustering approach to identify the minimum number of sequences necessary to represent each coding sequence in the final probe set. Using this method, five to 15 representative sequences were selected per orthologous locus, representing the sequence diversity of angiosperms more efficiently than if probes were designed using available sequenced genomes alone. To test our approximately 80,000 probes, we hybridized libraries from 42 species spanning all higher-order groups of angiosperms, with a focus on taxa not present in the sequence alignments used to design the probes. Out of a possible 353 coding sequences, we recovered an average of 283 per species and at least 100 in all species. Differences among taxa in sequence recovery could not be explained by relatedness to the representative taxa selected for probe design, suggesting that there is no phylogenetic bias in the probe set. Our probe set, which targeted 260 kbp of coding sequence, achieved a median recovery of 137 kbp per taxon in coding regions, a maximum recovery of 250 kbp, and an additional median of 212 kbp per taxon in flanking non-coding regions across all species. These results suggest that the Angiosperms353 probe set described here is effective for any group of flowering plants and would be useful for phylogenetic studies from the species level to higher-order groups, including the entire angiosperm clade itself.
Data from: Multiple mating is linked to social setting, and benefits the males in a communally rearing mammal
Individuals in social species may mate with multiple opposite sex individuals, including members of the same or different social groups. This variation may be linked to genetic benefits, where multiple mating decreases risk of inbreeding. Multiple mating also may be constrained by the socio-spatial setting through its effect on availability of mates. Since multiple mating with individuals from same or different groups may determine sex-specific fitness effects, we also examined how multiple mating modulates social benefits of females and males. We used 7 years of data on demography, social organization, and genetics of a natural population of the group-living and colonial rodent, Octodon degus, to determine how kin and sex composition within social groups, and spatial relations between these groups (i.e., colonial habits) influence multiple mating and its fitness consequences. 81.3% of males and 64.9% of females produced offspring with multiple opposite sex individuals within groups and with individuals of neighboring groups. Thus, polygynandry was the dominant mating system in the degu population examined. Multiple mating in degus was high when compared with estimates reported in other social mammals. Variation in female and male multiple mating was better explained by social setting through its effect on availability of potential mates rather than by benefits derived from decreasing risk of inbreeding. Finally, our study revealed how multiple mating enhances male, but not female reproductive success.
Data from: Influence of parameter settings in automated scoring of AFLPs on population genetic analysis
The use of procedures for the automated scoring of AFLP fragments has recently increased. Corresponding software does not only automatically score the presence or absence of AFLP fragments, but also allows an evaluation of how different settings of scoring parameters influence subsequent population genetic analyses. In this study, we used the automated scoring package RAWGENO to evaluate how five scoring parameters influence the number of polymorphic bins and estimates of pairwise genetic differentiation between populations (Fst). Steps were implemented in R to automatically run the scoring process in RAWGENO for a set of different parameter combinations. While we found the scoring parameters minimum bin width and minimum number of samples per bin to have only weak influence on pairwise Fst values, maximum bin width and bin reproducibility had much stronger effects. The minimum average bin fluorescence scoring parameter affected Fst values in an only moderate way. At a range of scoring parameters around the default settings of RAWGENO, the number of polymorphic bins as well as pairwise Fst values stayed rather constant. This study thus shows the particularities of AFLP scoring, be it either manual or automatical, can have profound effects on subsequent population genetic analysis.
Topaz OT 2141 television set
In Poland, production of TV sets began in 1956, at the Warszawskie Zakłady Telewizyjne (WZT). The first receiver was the *Wisła*, made under Soviet licence. One of the many products of WZT of the 1960s is the *Topaz* black-and-white television set. Technically, the device is a modification of the *Agat* receiver of 1964. The *Topaz* was manufactured in versions with a 21" or 23" CRT, both of which were designs with a deflection angle of 110°, allowing the receiver to be put on a shelf or on a chest of drawers. Unified Polish television sets, of which the *Topaz* is an example, set out a new direction for the development of Poland's television industry, represented by three enterprises operating within the framework of the Unitra union: WZT, Zakłady Diora w Dzierżoniowie, and Gdańskie Zakłady Telewizyjne. Manufacturer: Warszawskie Zakłady Telewizyjne, Warsaw, 1965 Inv. No.: MIM48/VI-21 Model prepared on the basis of photogrammetric measurements Licence: CC BY-NC-SA Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Silver earring, part of a set, 14th C. Bosnia
A silver earring, part of a set with another earring and a diadam (all three in sketchfab). Location: Makljenovac, Doboj. 14th-15th century Data were collected as part of a joint research project between GDH and the Association for the Digitization and Informatisation of Cultural Heritage (DIGI.BA) in Sarajevo, in full collaboration with the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. Model was created from 686 images from a Canon 5D mk IV. All data were processed in Reality Capture. Project ID NMB BH33L Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tea Set
A nice simple setup to enjoy some tea. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Koral OT 1722 television set
The Koral OT 1722 television set was a breakthrough design, which set the direction for further development of television sets in Poland. The Koral television set was designed as a 19-valve, superheterodyne receiver with diversified methods of audio reception. It was designed to display black-and-white television and was equipped with circuits for 12 television channels in the OIRT (Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision) standard. It had autonomous contrast and brightness controls (reacting to the lighting in the room in which the receiver is located) and an automatic black control system. A novelty in the design of the Koral TV set was the use of a 17-inch CRT with a large deflection angle (110°), as well as the use of printed circuits. Manufacturer: Warszawskie Zakłady Telewizyjne, 1963 Inv. No.: MIM24/VI-3 Model prepared on the basis of photogrammetric measurements Licence: CC BY-NC-SA (CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Japanese Tea Set
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CT images reconstructed using level-set-reconstruction (published in PTRSA)
<p>A new CT reconstruction algorithm based on the level-set-method has been proposed and evaluated. The results are published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. The data set includes all examples described in the paper.</p>
Data sets of MMP-cliffs, SAR transfer series and RECAP-MMPs
<p>A new and up-to-date version of three MMP-based data sets derived from compounds included in the latest release of ChEMBL is presented. These data sets include activity cliffs, structure-activity relationship (SAR) transfer series, and second generation MMPs based upon retrosynthetic rules. The structural data and information are provided in eight different files comprising the three data sets of MMP-cliffs (two files), SAR transfer series (four files), and RECAP-MMPs (two files). All MMP-cliffs, SAR transfer series with approximate or regular potency progression, and RECAP-MMPs are provided in canonical SMILES representation on a per-target basis separately for the Ki and IC50 subsets. The corresponding files are clearly designated.</p>
Data set: Uso de internet por alumnos de 4° y 5° de secundaria de un colegio de La Perla - Callao
<p>La matriz de datos contiene 32 variables y 66 casos.</p>
Data Processing for a Small-Scale Long-Term Coastal Ocean Observing System Near Mobile Bay, Alabama: A Geoscience Papers of the Future (GPF) Data Set
<p>The Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) has been operating a permanent moored oceanographic station at 30 05.410'N, 88 12.694'W, 25 km southwest of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Alabama, since 2004. It collects hydrographic and current velocity data.</p> <p>This set of data files was collected between 27 Jan and 18 May 2011. It includes the raw data at initial download from the instruments, several intermediate processing steps, and final processed files ready for initial scientific analysis.</p> <p>The files have been prepared as supplementary material for a Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) in prep for publication at Earth and Space Science, as part of the OntoSoft GPF Initiative.</p> <p> </p>
Data set for theh paper "Recovery of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell exposed to sulfur dioxide" DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.077
<p>This Excel file contains the data from the following publication</p> <p><br /> Biraj Kumar Kakatia, Anusree Unnikrishnan, Natarajan Rajalakshmi, RI Jafri, KS Dhathathreyan, Anthony RJ Kucernak</p> <p>Recovery of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell exposed to sulfur dioxideInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy</p> <p>2016</p> <p>DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.077</p>
Data Sets of Matching Molecular Series
<p>A total of 30,452 and 45,607 target-based MMS are provided for the Ki- and IC50-based data sets from ChEMBL release 17. For each MMS in a target set, the corresponding compounds are given and ordered by increasing potency. The structures of MMS, value fragments and individual compounds are provided in canonical SMILES representation.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.