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Bertalanffy's growth curves of A. anatina duck mussels in 18 Polish lakes with reference to living conditions
<p>1. Post-maturation growth leading to indeterminate growth patterns is widespread in nature. However, its adaptive value is unclear. Life history theory suggests this allocation strategy may be favoured by temporal pulses in the intensity of mortality and/or the capacity to produce new tissues.</p> <p>2. Addressing the origin of indeterminate growth and the variability of growth patterns, we studied the growth of duck mussels, <i>Anodonta anatina</i>, a pan-European unionid, in 18 Polish lakes. For each population the sex, size and age of collected mussels were measured to estimate Bertalanffy's growth curve parameters. We integrated information on <i>A. anatina</i> mortality rates, lake trophy, biofouling by zebra mussels, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>, and the prevalence of parasitic trematode larvae to identify selective conditions in lakes.</p> <p>3. We found two sources of mortality in <i>A. anatina</i> populations, pertaining to adverse effects of zebra mussel biofouling and trophy state on mussel survival. Additionally, populations with heavier biofouling presented a smaller abundance of parasites, indicative of a relationship between filtering intensity and contraction of water-borne trematode larvae by filtering <i>A. anatina</i>.</p> <p>4. Consistently for each sex, populations with a greater trophy-related mortality were characterized in <i>A. anatina</i> by a smaller asymptotic size <i>L<sub>max</sub></i>, indicative of a life history response to mortality risk involving early maturation at a smaller body size. In all populations, females featured higher mortality and larger asymptotic size <i>vs.</i> males.</p> <p>5. Our findings support a theoretical view that adaptive responses to selection involve adjustments in the lifetime resource allocation patterns. These adjustments should be considered drivers of the origin of indeterminate growth strategy in species taking parental care by offspring brooding in body cavities.</p>
Figure 9 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 9 A–CEntomoneis qinghainensis sp. nov., frustule view, SEMA one complete frustule, note the undulate junction line (indicated by dotted line) and the hymen strip region B detail from Fig. A note the striae composed of many single areolae near the sternum and two costae merging into one (arrow) C detail from Fig. A note hymen strips (two arrows). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B, C).
Figure 3 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 3 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEMA one broken frustule, note the simple arcuate junction lines B–D details from Fig. A note the fused parts of two sides of the keel and the subraphe canal connecting the cell lumen only near the central (Figs B and C, arrow, respectively) and the distal raphe ending (Fig. D, arrow) E, F details from Fig. A note the short, bar-like basal fibulae (three arrows, respectively). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B–F).
Figure 8 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 8 A–CEntomoneis qinghainensis sp. nov., girdle view, LMA, B two whole frustules, note the distinctive hymen strip region (labelled in Fig. C) C epivalve with associated girdle bands, note the hymen strip region and junction line A micrograph of holotype specimen B micrograph of isotype specimen. Scale bar: 20 μm.
Figure 2 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 2 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEMA, B two frustules, note sigmoid girdle bands C, D central parts from Fig. A and B respectively, note the 5:2 configuration of girdle bands, i.e. five girdle bands, B1(Valvocopula, VC) to B5, associated with epivalve (EV); two girdle bands, B1(Valvocopula, VC) and B2, associated with hypovalve (HV) E, F two apices from Fig. A. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C–F).
Figure 13 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 13 A–FEntomoneis paludosa, valve side view, SEMA–C three valves in side view, note the basal fibulae and the frustule cavity without sub-compartments (indicated by double-headed arrow) D–F details from Fig. A–C. Scale bars: 10 μm (A–C); 2 μm (D–F).
Figure 12 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 12 A–EEntomoneis paludosa, girdle view, SEMA one whole frustule, note the worm-like hymen strip region and the junction line (indicated by the dotted line) B another frustule C–E details from Fig. B note the thickened mantle (Fig. C, arrow), worm-like hymen strip region (Fig. D, two arrows) and 4:2 configuration of the girdle bands (i.e. four girdle bands associated with epivalve (EV) and two associated with hypovalve (HV) (Fig. E). Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C–E).
Figure 5 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 5 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., valve external view, SEMA one whole valve showing the Ƨ-shaped keel outline B central part from Fig. A note hymen strips, costae, mantle, warts, forked costa (arrow) and one separated row of rounded areolae at each side of the raphe (wavy arrows) C, D two apices from Fig. A note the short costae (two arrows in Fig. C) and two costae merging into one (arrow in Fig. D) E, F details showing one separated row of rounded areolae terminating before the apex (six arrows, respectively). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B–F).
Figure 11 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 11 A–KEntomoneis paludosa, girdle view, LMA–D four complete frustules, note the hymen strip region (indicated in Fig. C) E–K seven valves in side view showing size reduced series. Scale bar: 20 μm.
Figure 1 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 1 A–OEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LMA–F six frustules showing a size diminution series, note the distinctive 8-shaped loops (labelled in Figs D–F) G–O nine valves showing a size diminution series, note arcuate junction line (labelled in Figs H and I) A micrograph of holotype specimen B micrograph of isotype specimen. Scale bar: 20 μm.
Figure 7 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 7 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., valve internal and side views, SEMA one valve showing only one lumen (no sub-compartments present) in a cell (double-headed arrow) B middle part from Fig. A note the canal raphe communicates with the cell interior at the valve centre C, D two apices from Fig. A E, F another valve in side view, note the cell lumen. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, E); 2 μm (B–D, F).
Figure 10 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 10 A–FEntomoneis qinghainensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEMA оne valve with numerous girdle bands B, C two apices from Fig. A note the hymen strip regions (two double-headed arrows, respectively) D central part from Fig. A note thickened mantle E, F two girdle details from Fig. A note at least six girdle bands (labelled B1 to B6) associated with the epivalve. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 5 μm (B–F).
Figure 14 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 14 A–F Details of hymen and hymen strip in Entomoneis, SEMA, B details of hymen strip of Type Two from E. sinensis sp. nov., note the two rows of linear pores (Fig. A, two arrows) on either side of the two intermittent rows of rounded pores (Fig. A, wavy arrow) C, D details of hymen strip of Type One from E. qinghainensis sp. nov., note the hymen is finely perforated over both the areolae (Fig. D arrow) and the hymen strips (Fig. D, double-headed arrow) E detail of hymen strip of Type One from E. paludosa, note the hymen is finely perforated over both the areolae and the hymen strips (double-headed arrow) F detail of hymenes from E. triundulata, note the hymenes of the areolae in the girdle bands (two arrows). Scale bars: 600 nm (A–F).
Figure 6 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 6 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEMA–C three whole valves, note Ƨ-shaped keel outline D–F three middle parts from Figs A, B and C respectively, note two proximal raphe endings slightly dilated and a pore-like structure at the centre of central nodule (arrows). Scale bars: 10 μm (A–C); 1 μm (D–F).
Figure 4 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149
Figure 4 A–GEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., SEMA one valve with associated girdle bands, note the 8-shaped loop formed by the pars media of valvocopula (the pars media indicated by arrowheads and arrows indicating the pars media on the unseen side) B–D two valves with girdle bands further showing the 8-shaped loop (labelled in Fig. D) E middle part of a valve, note the mantle and the three parts of each girdle bands: parts exterior, pars media and pars interior F detail from Fig. E note the hymen strip occluding the poroid G valvocopula in internal view, note the broader pars exterior than pars interior and sternum-like pars media. Scale bars: 10 μm (A–D); 2 μm (E–G).
method of homogeneous microzones in seismic perspective (MOPS) with geological-technical sections of reference for the subsoil model.
<p>Method of homogeneous microzones in seismic perspective (MOPS) with geological-technical sections of reference for the subsoil model.</p>
Glycan Substructure Reference
<p>Table of representative glycosylation features. Glycosylation features are described using IUPAC-extended format (doi.org/10.1351/pac199668101919)</p>
Dataset and reference: Marine gastropods at higher trophic level show stronger tolerance to ocean acidification
<p><span>Climate change and anthropogenic activities are producing a range of new selection pressures, both abiotic and biotic, on marine organisms. Although it is known that climate change can differentially affect fitness-related traits at different trophic levels of the food web, it is not clear if different trophic levels will respond via phenotypic plasticity </span><span>in the form of maintenance of phenotypes in the face of abiotic and biotic environmental stress </span><span>similarly. To answer this question, we combined a mesocosm experiment (120 days) using a food web comprising three gastropod species from two trophic levels (grazers and meso-predators) and a meta-analysis including 38 studies to address whether different trophic levels exhibit similar phenotypic responses to abiotic and biotic variables. Abiotic (ocean acidification) and biotic (predation) stress significantly influenced body mass, shell mass, shell thickness, and shell strength in both grazers and meso-predators in the mesocosm experiment, with the magnitude of OA effects greater on the meso-predator than the grazers; a result supported by the meta-analysis. In contrast, both mesocosm experiment and meta-analysis found that predation risk induced stronger responses in shell morphology for grazers compared to meso-predators. Together, our findings indicate that higher trophic level species are better able to maintain aspects of their phenotype under OA, suggesting that they may show greater tolerance to climate change effects in general, while lower trophic levels express higher levels of plastic inducible defences to maintain function when under threat of predation. By using marine snails as a model, our study provides new knowledge for understanding how changing environmental conditions may alter biological interactions, and increases our understanding of how climate change may affect ecological communities in which gastropods play a key role.</span></p>
mSWEEP/mGEMS E. faecalis reference database
<p>E. faecalis reference database.</p>
mSWEEP/mGEMS E. coli reference database
<p>E. coli reference for mSWEEP/mGEMS/Themisto</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.