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FIGURE 13 in Immature stages of Homophileurus tricuspis Prell (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) with notes on natural history and distribution in Colombia

FIGURE 13. Pupa of Homophileurus tricuspis. (a) ventral view; (b) Dorsal view; (c) lateral view; (d) ventral view of last abdominal segment of male showing genital ampulla; (e) ventral view of last abdominal segment of female showing genital ampulla.

FIGURE 2. Tarsomere 5 in Description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 2. Tarsomere 5 of the male of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal. a: foretarsus (paratype, S 1161); b: midtarsus; c: hindtarsus. P = projection; PU = posterior unguis; S = scale (s); T = tooth; Ta = tarsomere; U = ungues.

FIGURE 4 in Description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 4. Male pupa of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal. a: cephalothorax; b: metanotum and abdomen. CT = cephalothorax; Dap = dorsal apotome; GL = genital lobe; MK = median keel; Mr = midrib; Mtn = metanotum; Pa = paddle; T = trumpet; I–IX = abdominal segments.

FIGURE 7 in Immature stages of Homophileurus tricuspis Prell (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) with notes on natural history and distribution in Colombia

FIGURE 7. Hypopharynx of Homophileurus tricuspis, third instar, showing hypopharyngeal sclerome. FIGURE 8. Last antennomere, dorsal view of Homophileurus tricuspis, third instar, showing sensory spots. FIGURE 9. Last antennomere, ventral view of Homophileurus tricuspis, third instar, showing sensory spots. FIGURE 10. Prothoracic spiracle (a) and spiracular holes (b) of Homophileurus tricuspis, third instar.

FIGURE 1 in Description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 1. Female genitalia of Culex (Culex) lahillei Bachmann & Casal. Ce = cercus; IsS = insular setae; PGL = postgenital lobe; Te-IX = tergum IX; UVL = upper vaginal lip; UVS = upper vaginal sclerite.

FIGURES 9–13. Trepobates taylori. 9–10, Nymph IV in The immature stages of the genus Trepobates Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), with an identification key to instars and the description of the nymphs of T. tay lo ri (Kirkaldy)

FIGURES 9–13. Trepobates taylori. 9–10, Nymph IV, posterior end of abdomen, ventral view: 9—3, 10—Ƥ. 11 —Nymph V Ƥ, dorsal view. 12–13, Nymph V, posterior end of abdomen, ventral view: 12—3, 13—Ƥ. S7: sternite 7; S8: sternite 8; S9: sternite 9. Scale bars: Figs. 9–10= 0.13 mm; Fig. 11 = 1.00 mm; Figs. 12–13: 0.20 mm.

FIGURES 1–8. Trepobates taylori. 1—Egg. 2–4, Nymph I in The immature stages of the genus Trepobates Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), with an identification key to instars and the description of the nymphs of T. tay lo ri (Kirkaldy)

FIGURES 1–8. Trepobates taylori. 1—Egg. 2–4, Nymph I: 2—dorsal view, 3—lateral view, 4—ventral view. 5—Nymph I, antenna, dorsal surface. 6—Nymph II, dorsal view. 7—Nymph III, dorsal view. 8—Nymph IV Ƥ, dorsal view. Scale bars: Fig. 1= 0.50 mm; Figs. 2–4= 0.40 mm; Fig. 5= 0.10 mm; Fig. 6= 0.60 mm; Fig. 7= 0.70 mm; Fig. 8= 1.00 mm.

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 2. Rhacophorus penanorum. A, Stage 31 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A10168, 394Z). Note the black spots and oranges margins of tail fins. B, Same individual in dorsal view, showing colouration features such as the golden iridocyte field between eyes. C, Same specimen, ventral view. The cup-like oral sucker is attached to the glass of the aquarium. The ventral colouration pattern (opaque silvery abdominal pigmentation, medial vena abdominalis/streak visible, bright red gills visible through skin and partly covered by silvery iridocytes) has also been found in other Bornean rheophilous tadpoles within the genus and is not unique to R. penanorum (UNIMAS 8954). D, R. penanorum adult male, day colouration. E. R. penanorum adult male, noctural colour morph.

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 1. Rhacophorus dulitensis. A, Stage 38 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A13093). B, Same individual in dorsal view. C, Same individual in ventral view. Note the virtually unpigmented, translucent skin of the tadpole, except for a small patch of iridocytes overlaying anterior parts of gut coils. D, Adult female R. dulitensis (ZRC [IMG] 1.39) from Gunung Mulu National Park Headquaters.

FIGURE 3. Rhacophorus rufipes. A, Stage 31 in Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)

FIGURE 3. Rhacophorus rufipes. A, Stage 31 tadpole in lateral view (ZMH A10167). B, Same individual in dorsal view. C, Same individual in ventral view. Note the virtually unpigmented, translucent skin (small patch of iridocytes overlaying anterior parts of gut coils). D, Adult male R. rufipes (UNIMAS MOS0028), same locality from where tadpoles were collected.

FIGURES 17–23 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 17–23. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834), fourth instar larva, maxillo-labial complex: 17—ventral view, 18—dorsal view, 19—prothoracic spiracle, 20—spiracle of abdominal segment I, 21—spiracle of abdominal segment VIII, 22—alimentary canal, 23—abdominal segments VIII–X, posterior view. (anv—anterior ventriculus, dms-dorsally malar s., gcc—gastric caeca, mbs—malar basiventral s., mgt—Malpighian tubules, pfs—palpiferal s., phx—pharynx, pov—posterior ventriculus, SIX—sternite IX, stps—stipal setae, SX—sternite X, TIX—tergite IX, vms—ventrally malar s.,).

FIGURES 41–46 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 41–46. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834): 41—larva building an irregular and very loose lattice around its body, 42—detail of larva molding strings and building the cocoon walls, 43—detail of larva gathering liquid secretion extruded from the anus, 44—pupa inside cocoon, 45—opening cut in the lattice wall to show mature pupa inside the cocoon, 46—teneral adult feeding completely on the cocoon walls (photos by F. F. Albertoni).

FIGURES 47–52 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 47–52. Natural enemies of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834): 47—pentatomid Supputius cincticeps sucking a larva, 48—pyrrhocorid Dysdercus sp. feeding on the dead body of a parasitized pre-pupa inside the cocoon, 49—pupae of the parasitoid wasp Jaliscoa sp. inside weevil cocoon, 50—habitus of female parasitoid wasp Jaliscoa sp., 51—female head of Jaliscoa nudipennis, 52—male head of J. nudipennis (photos: 47–49 by F. F. Albertoni, 50–52 by V. A. Costa).

FIGURES 35–40 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 35–40. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834): 35—small hole made by larva on leaf of Pachyra aquatica Aubl., 36—larva eating, note leaf margin beginning to be destroyed, 37—group of four larvae, 38—larvae with dorsum covered with feces, 39—leaf almost completely eaten by larvae, 40—cocoons with pre-pupae and pupae (photos: 35, 39 and 40 by D. de C. Bená, 27–29 by F. F. Albertoni).

FIGURES 24–32 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 24–32. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834), fourth instar larva: 24—dorsal view of thoracic segments, 25—dorsal view of abdominal segment I, 26—dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII–X, 27—ventral view of thoracic segments, 28—ventral view of abdominal segment I, 29—ventral view of abdominal segments VIII–X, 30—lateral view of thoracic segments, 31—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 32—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (aa—ambulatory ampullae, ab—abdominal segment, as—alar s., dls—dorsolateral s., dpls—dorsopleural s., ds—dorsal s., lsts—laterosternal s., msts—mesosternal s., pdas—pedal s., pds—postdorsal s., prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., ps—pleural s., ss—spiracular s., sts—sternal s., vpls—ventropleural s., th—thoracic segment).

FIGURES 1–7 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 1–7. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834), habitus of fourth instar larva: 1—lateral view, 2—dorsal view, 3—ventral view; habitus of pre-pupa: 4—lateral view, 5—antero-dorsal view, 6—postero-dorsal view, 7—ventral view.

FIGURES 33, 34 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 33, 34. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834), habitus of male pupa: 33—ventral view, 34—dorsal view (as—apical s., ds—discal s., fs—femora s., ls—lateral s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., pls—posterolateral s., rs—rostral s., sls—super lateral s., sos—super orbital s., vs—vertical s., SIV—sternite IV, SVIII—sternite VIII, SIX—sternite IX, TI—tergite I, TVII—tergite VII, TVIII—tergite VIII, TIX—tergite IX.

FIGURES 8–16 in Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

FIGURES 8–16. Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834), head and mouthparts of fourth instar larva: 8—head, frontal view, 9—posterior view, 10—ventral view, 11—antenna, 12—labrum, 13—epipharynx, 14—right mandible, dorsal view, 15—mesal, 16—ventral view (ams—anteromedian s., als—anterolateral s., ant—antenna, cls—clypeal s., esm—epistoma, des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal s., hyb—hypopharyngeal bracon, les—lateral epicranial s., lr—labral rods, lrms—labral s., mds—mandibular s., mes—median s., stm—stemmata, teb—tentorial bridge, ves—ventral s., vt—ventral tubercle.

FIGURE 14 in The early life history of Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae): morphology of larval and juvenile stages

FIGURE 14. Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965). Pleon of juveniles. A, crab II; B, crab III; C, crab IV; D, crab V, female; E, crab V, male; F, crab VI, female; G, crab VI, male; H, crab VII, female; I, crab VII, male; J, crab VIII, female; K, crab VIII, male. Scale bars= 500 µm.

FIGURE 13 in The early life history of Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae): morphology of larval and juvenile stages

FIGURE 13. Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965). Juvenile growth from from metamorphosis through the first six crab stages. A, duration (days) of successive stages described with a second-order polynomial regression equation; B, cumulative time of development to successive stages (t, days; transformed to t+1), logarithmic regression equation.