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12,309 results for “America”
Fig. 3 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 3. Head and male genitalic structures of Crassomiris spp. and Phallospinophylus setosus.
Fig. 2 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
Fig. 2. Habitus photographs of Rubellomiris spp. and Rubeospineus spp.
Community and species-specific responses of coastal birds to COVID-19 "anthropause" in the largest hypersaline lagoon of South America
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Youth, Science, education and struggles to preserve fragile ecosystems in South America
<p>Presentation made at Panel 5, the Educational, Ethical, and Preservationist Water Question, The Youth and the Climatic Struggle, First International Forum of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), in Preparation for the 2025 UNCOP30, 21-24 November 2023 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.</p>
Adult male birds advance spring migratory phenology faster than females and juveniles across North America
<p>Advances in spring migratory phenology comprise some of the most well-documented evidence for the impacts of climate change on birds. Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has investigated whether birds are shifting their migratory phenology equally across sex and age classes – a question critical to understanding the potential for trophic mismatch. We used 60-years of bird banding data across North America – comprising over 4 million captures in total – to investigate both spring and fall migratory phenology for a total of 98 bird species across sex and age classes, with the exact numbers of species for each analysis depending on season-specific data availability. Consistent with protandry, in spring (n=89 species), adult males were the first to arrive and immature females were the last to arrive. In fall (n=98), there was little difference between sexes, but adults tended to depart earlier than juveniles. Over 60 years, adult males advanced their phenology the fastest (-0.84 days per decade, 95CrI = -1.22 to -0.47, n=36), while adult and immature females advanced at a slower pace, causing the gap in male and female arrival times to widen over time. In the fall, there was no overall trend in phenology by age or sex (n=57), driven in part by high interspecific variation related to breeding and molt strategies. Our results indicate consistent and predictable age- and sex-based differences in the rates at which species' springtime phenology is shifting. The growing gap between male and female migratory arrival indicates sex-based plasticity in adaptation to climate change that has strong potential to negatively impact current and future population trends.</p>
Model America - Arizona extract from ORNL's AutoBEM - (Archetypes with simulation results)
<p>Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (<a href="https://bit.ly/AutoBEM">bit.ly/AutoBEM</a>).</p> <p>Two sets of data are provided for 2,555,153 buildings located within the boundary of Arizona in the United States:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Data (420KB *.csv) - Arizona 527 building archetypes based on different Climate Zones (2B-136, 3B-133, 4B-128, 5B-130) with simulation results.</strong></li> <li><strong>Models (38.8MB *.zip by Climate Zone) – OpenStudio and EnergyPlus building energy models named according to ID.</strong></li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>This data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), and Biological and Environmental Research (BER).</p>
Model America - Summer 2020 Arizona Building Energy Simulation Results from ORNL's AutoBEM
<p>Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (<a href="https://bit.ly/AutoBEM">bit.ly/AutoBEM</a>).</p> <p>Data is provided for 2,555,152 buildings located within the boundary of Arizona in the United States:</p> <p><strong>Data (1.48GB *.csv) - Arizona 2,555,152 building information data with simulation results separated by county. (Simulation results are for June 1st-August 31st, 2020)<br></strong></p> <p><strong>Building Information Data Fields:</strong></p> <ul> <li>ID</li> <li>CZ</li> <li>Centroid</li> <li>State_Abbr</li> <li>Footprint2D</li> <li>Height,Area2D</li> <li>BuildingType</li> <li>NumFloors</li> <li>Area</li> <li>Standard</li> <li>NumWalls</li> <li>WWR_surfaces</li> </ul> <p><strong>Energy Simulation Data Fields:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Electricity_Facility[kBTU]</li> <li>NaturalGas_Facility[kBTU]</li> <li>Heating_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Cooling_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Heating_NaturalGas[kBTU]</li> <li>Heating_Total[kBTU]</li> <li>WaterSystems_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Lighting_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Equipment_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Fans_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Pumps_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>HeatRejection_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>HeatRecovery_Electricity[kBTU]</li> <li>Surface_Outside_Face_Heat_Emission[GJ]</li> <li>Zone_Exfiltration_Heat_Loss[GJ]</li> <li>Zone_Exhaust_Air_Heat_Loss[GJ]</li> <li>Heat_Rejection_Energy[GJ]</li> <li>Anthropogenic_Emissions[GJ]</li> </ul> <p>This data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), and Biological and Environmental Research (BER).</p>
Data for Wildfire-induced Increases in Photosynthesis in Boreal Forest Ecosystems of North America
<div> <p>Jupyter notebooks and datasets for Kim et al. (2024), Global Change Biology<br><br><span>Kim, J. E.</span>, <span>Wang, J. A.</span>, <span>Li, Y.</span>, <span>Czimczik, C. I.</span>, & <span>Randerson, J. T.</span> (<span>2024</span>). <span>Wildfire-induced increases in photosynthesis in boreal forest ecosystems of North America</span>. <em>Global Change Biology</em>, <span>30</span>, e17151. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17151</a></p> </div>
Tornado Reports in Southeast South America
<p>This dataset corresponds to <strong>reports of tornadoes</strong> that happened in <strong>Southeast South America (SESA)</strong> between 1991 and 2020. It was constructed and used for studying tornadic environments in SESA, work that was recently published in the American Meteorological Society (AMS) journal <em>Monthly Weather Review</em> under the title: <strong>"Tornadoes in Southeast South America: Mesoscale to Planetary-scale Environments". </strong>A PDF containing this article was included with the last update of this publication (January 2024). Additionally, a datasheet explaining everything you need to know about the database of tornadoes in Southeast South America was included in this new version (January 2024).</p>
Biogeographical patterns of butterworts in the Americas
<p>Datasets used for biogeographical analyses of the genus <em>Pinguicula</em> in the American continents.</p>
Foliar endophyte diversity in eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct tree species – Influences of host identity, environment, phylogeny, and geographic isolation
<p><span>The well-known eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction provides a unique system for biogeographic and evolutionary studies. Despite considerable interest in the disjunction, few studies have investigated the patterns and their underlying drivers of allopatric divergence in sister species or clades isolated in the two areas. Endophyte diversity and assembly in disjunct sister taxa, as an ecological trait, may have played an important role in the processes of allopatric evolution, but no studies have examined endophytes in these disjunct lineages. In this study, we compared foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) in 17 EA-ENA disjunct species pairs from genera representing conifers and major clades of angiosperms, as well as 23 species of </span><em>Cornus</em> from the US and China. We sequenced the ITS of fungi and 16S rDNA of bacteria to understand the composition of the endophyte community and gain insights into the relative roles of geographic isolation, host identity, phylogeny, and environment in shaping endophytic diversity patterns. We detected a much richer fungal than bacterial community in leaves of all species. Beta diversity varied greatly among individuals within species, between species, among genera, and among three natural environmental conditions. Based on a principal coordinates analysis, we found no close clustering of endophyte communities in samples from the same host plant species, from the same genus, or from the same geographic origin (i.e. EA or ENA) (when plants were grown in the same common garden), but we did detect clustering of samples from plants grown in the same environment (i.e., same geographic location). We observed separation of microbes in plant samples of the same species grown in different locations/environments. However, pooled samples across all species from the common garden with the same geographic origin (EA vs. ENA) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity in fungal endophytes between EA and ENA. An overall significant correlation between endophyte community dissimilarity and phylogenetic distance was detected among the disjunct genera but not among species of <em>Cornus</em>. However, significant correlation between order, family, and genera of endophytes and phylogenetic distance of Cornus species was observed. We also found no significant differences in Foliar Endophytic Fungal (FEF) communities between counterparts of disjunct species pairs in EA and ENA in most genera except in <em>Liriodendron</em> and <em>Cornus</em>, although the beta diversity within genera is high. Our results suggest important roles of host identity and environment (geographic locations), and a likely minor role of phylogenetic divergence and biogeographic isolation in shaping the pattern of foliar endophyte diversity and assembly in the EA-ENA disjunct genera, as well as in <em>Cornus</em>. The results further suggest that the sister taxa in EA and ENA are likely different in their foliar endophyte composition when growing in their native habitats due to differences in geographic locations and local environments, which is potentially a factor driving allopatric divergence of species functional features. This hypothesis can be tested by analysis of samples from native habitats.</p>
Data from: Diversification and dispersal in the Americas revealed by new phylogenies of the wrens and allies (Passeriformes: Certhioidea)
<p>The passerine superfamily Certhioidea lacks a complete phylogeny despite decades of recognition as a clade and extensive systematic work within all its constituent families. Here, we inferred a near-complete species level phylogeny of Certhioidea from a molecular supermatrix, including the first comprehensive sampling of the wrens (Troglodytidae), and used this phylogeny to infer its biogeographic and diversification histories. We also inferred an expanded phylogeny including nearly 100 putative phylospecies previously documented in the literature, and we found that including this diversity had notable impacts on the inferred evolutionary history of Certhioidea. This phylospecies-level tree documented a few instances of species paraphyly, some previously described in the literature and some novel. We found that Certhioidea originated largely in Eurasia and dispersed into North America five times in the last 20 million years, including at the origin of the "New World certhioids", wrens and gnatcatchers, a clade herein named Orthourae. After this initial dispersal event, both wrens and gnatcatchers diversified extensively across the hemisphere, with both lineages repeatedly crossing between continents. However, we detected no notable impact of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on the frequency of dispersal events between North and South America. The inclusion of phylospecies altered this biogeographic inference in some portions of the tree but overall was largely consistent. With species-level sampling, we found that diversification rates within Certhioidea were largely constant through time with a detectable deceleration toward the present. By contrast, phylospecies-level sampling recovered a different diversification history with a significant rate increase at the crown node of Orthourae after dispersing into the Americas and increased speciation rates, particularly within the genera Polioptila and Henicorhina. This largely resolved phylogeny for Certhioidea has yielded important insights into the evolutionary history of this group and provides a framework for future comparative work on this fascinating clade.</p>
Data from: Abundance models of endemic birds of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern South America, suggest small population sizes and dependence on montane elevations
<p>Abundance measures are almost non-existent for several bird species threatened with extinction, particularly range-restricted Neotropical taxa, for which estimating population sizes can be challenging. Here we use data collected over nine years to explore the abundance of 11 endemic birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), one of Earth's most irreplaceable ecosystems. We established 99 transects in the "Cuchilla de San Lorenzo" Important Bird Area within native forest, early successional vegetation, and areas of transformed vegetation by human activities. A total of 763 bird counts were carried out covering the entire elevation range in the study area (~175–2650 m). We applied hierarchical distance-sampling models to assess elevation- and habitat-related variation in local abundance and obtain values of population density and total and effective population size. Most species were more abundant in the montane elevational range (1800–2650 m). Habitat-related differences in abundance were only detected for five species, which were more numerous in either early succession, secondary forest, or transformed areas. Inferences of effective population size indicated that at least four endemics likely maintain populations no larger than 15,000–20,000 mature individuals. Estimates of species' area of occupancy and effective population size were lower than most values previously described, a possible consequence of increasing anthropogenic threats. At least four of the endemics exceeded criteria for threatened species listing and a thorough evaluation of their extinction risk should be conducted. Population strongholds for most of the study species were located on the northern and western slopes of the SNSM between 1500–2700 m. We highlight the urgent need for facilitating effective protection of native vegetation in premontane and montane ecosystems to safeguard critical habitats for the SNSM's endemic avifauna. Follow-up studies collecting abundance data across the SNSM are needed to obtain precise range-wide density estimations for all species.</p>
Fig1. Gel electrophoresis 2 in Promising use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Associated to Reverse Transcription for the Detection ofthe America-1 Lineage of Canine Distemper Virus
Fig1. Gel electrophoresis 2% agarose
Fig2. Gel electrophoresis Agarose 2 in Promising use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Associated to Reverse Transcription for the Detection ofthe America-1 Lineage of Canine Distemper Virus
Fig2. Gel electrophoresis Agarose 2%.
Data from: Evaluating the impact of historical climate and early human groups in the Araucaria Forest of Eastern South America
<p>It has been hypothesized that the Araucaria Forest in Southern Brazil underwent expansions in the past, driven either by human groups or by climate fluctuations of the Holocene and Pleistocene. Fossil pollen records of the Paraná Pine (<em>Araucaria angustifolia</em>), a dominant tree in that forest, provide some insights into when those may have occurred. Still, the timing of those expansions has never been estimated. To infer past range shifts and shed light on their main drivers, we employed next-generation DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), machine learning, and a comprehensive database of fossil pollen records in a study of historical demographic inference and paleo-distribution modeling of the Paraná Pine. We found that <em>A. angustifolia</em> comprises two populations expanding at different times: one in the Mantiqueira mountain chain, and the other in the southern Brazilian plateau. The Southern population began to expand during the Last Glacial Period ~70kya, long before human arrival in South America. Still, genetic analyses support that humans later impacted this population, resulting in lower genetic diversity, higher inbreeding, and high levels of gene flow over large distances with a weak pattern of isolation by distance. It is possible this resulted from human influence on seed dispersal and germination on the Southern Brazilian plateau. The Mantiqueira population, in contrast, expanded only recently (~3kya). This timing coincides with Holocene climatic changes and human settlements established further south, although, to date, there is little archeological evidence of human impact in the Mantiqueira. In addition, multitemporal species distribution models built from a combination of present-day and pollen records infer range expansion of the Araucaria Forest during glacial times until the cold humid HS1 event (~16kya), when the forest was most widespread, with no evidence of glacial refugia. The combination of genomic and spatial analyses suggests that both human and climatic controls played a role in the dynamics of the Araucaria Forest.</p>
Status of World Soil Resources - Southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean
<h1>Status of World Soil Resource - Southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean</h1> <h2>Supplementary dataset of the chapter published by FAO</h2> <h3>Authors:</h3> <p>- Luis Felipe Castelblanco Rivera, master student in Earth Science at Geosciences Center, UNAM.</p> <p>- Mario Antonio Guevara Santamaría, associate professor at Geosciences Center, UNAM campus Juriquilla </p> <h3>.</h3> <h3>More information:</h3> <p>- lcastelblancor@geociencias.unam.mx / lfcastelblancor@unal.edu.co</p> <p>- mguevara@geociencias.unam.mx / mguevara@comunidad.unam.mx</p> <h3>Abstract:</h3> <p>This chapter thoroughly examines soil threats and trends in Southern Mexico*, Central America, and the Caribbean, emphasizing their implications for sustainable land management. Through a comprehensive analysis of available data and literature, the study identifies erosion patterns, soil carbon changes, soil biodiversity indicators, nutrient mismanagement, salinization, sodification, and soil moisture decline as prominent concerns. Erosion is a significant issue, exacerbated by bare soil conditions, coastal erosion due to rising sea levels, and wind erosion influenced by land use and vegetation cover. Soil carbon changes exhibit both sequestration and loss patterns, particularly impacting agricultural soils, while soil biodiversity's role in nutrient cycling underscores the need for enhanced preservation efforts. Nutrient mismanagement, exemplified by fertilizer consumption trends and efficiency, underscores the importance of informed decision-making in optimizing soil fertility. In response to human activities, soil salinization and sodification significantly threaten agricultural sustainability, particularly across coastal areas. Soil moisture decline, linked to land use intensification and extreme climate events, further exacerbates soil degradation risks. The chapter concludes by advocating for comprehensive soil monitoring and management strategies to address these threats, which are crucial for safeguarding soil health, preserving ecosystem services, and ensuring long-term food security in the region.</p> <p>*We refer to the Southern Mexico to the geographical area occupied by the states: Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero, Chiapas and Campeche within the following minimum and maximum coordinates: 14.53 to 22.47 Lat, -102.18 to -86.71 Long</p> <h3>Folder description:</h3> <p>> SoWSR_SMx_CA_Crb.7z<br> > extent<br> - Extent_AOI_Union.shp #Country boundaries<br> - Modis_CLC.shp #Corine Land Cover from MODIS<br> - WRBpol.shp #Most probable soil type using WRB classification<br> - Extent_level3.shp #Intersection of previous Shapes<br> > level3 #This folder contains the data frame results of calculating zonal statistics from the rasters.<br> - Bare_1km_km2_ZonalStats.csv <br> - CIC_0-30cm_ZonalStats.csv <br> - CN_ratio_SoilGrids_null_ZonalStats.csv <br> - GSOCmap1.5.0_ZonalStats.csv <br> - GSOCseq_absolute_ZonalStats.csv <br> - GSOCseq_RSR_SSM1_Map030_ZonalStats.csv<br> - level3_merged.csv<br> - N_0-30cm_ZonalStats.csv<br> - Rs_slope_sig_negative_ZonalStats.csv<br> - Rs_slope_sig_positive_ZonalStats.csv<br> - Salinidad_problema_ZonalStats.csv<br> - SM_slope_negative_ZonalStats.csv<br> - SM_slope_positive1_ZonalStats.csv<br> - SOC_slope_negative_ZonalStats.csv<br> - SOC_slope_positive1_ZonalStats.csv<br> - SOCDensity_0_30cm_ZonalStats.csv<br> > rasters<br> - Bare_1km_km2.tif #Bare soil percent per square kilometer<br> - CIC_0-30cm.tif #Cation exchange capacity in mmolc/kg<br> - CN_ratio_SoilGrids_null #Carbon:Nitrogen ratio from the report of SoilGrids<br> - GSOCmap1.5.0.tif #Stock of global soil carbon reported by FAO <br> - GSOCseq_absolute.tif #Product of the difference between initial stock of GSOCmap and Final Stock SSM1 from FAO <br> - GSOCseq_RSR_SSM1_Map030.tif #Relative Sequestration Rates SSM1 from FAO<br> - N_0-30cm #Soil nitrogen content in cg/kg<br> - Rs_slope_sig_negative.tif #Heterotrofic respiration negative trend<br> - Rs_slope_sig_positive.tif #Heterotrofic respiration positive trend<br> - Salinidad_problema.tif #Areas with salinity (>3 ds/m) from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111260<br> - SM_slope_negative.tif #Soil moisture negative trend from https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4473-2022<br> - SM_slope_positive1.tif #Soil moisture positive trend from https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4473-2022<br> - SOC_slope_negative.tif #Soil organic carbon negative trend from https://doi.org/10.5067/3K9F0S1Q5J2U<br> - SOC_slope_positive1.tif #Soil organic carbon positive trend from https://doi.org/10.5067/3K9F0S1Q5J2U</p> <p> >Heterotrophic_respiration_info<br> - XY_PRACTICAS.csv: Coordinates of places where sustainable soil management exists thanks to FAO-ITPS 2020. Protocol for the assessment of Sustainable Soil Management. Rome, FAO<br> - Rs_DESCRIP.pdf Supplementary Information SI1. Description of Rs database. </p> <p> - DB_final.xlsx #Data base with the information extract from de raster to build the quantitative data presented in the chapter<br> - ZonalStat_for_prl.py #Python script to process the zonal statictis of the rasters using the extent (Shapes) to obtain the data frames (CSV) in folder level3.</p>
FIGURE 8 in Three new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from northwestern South America
FIGURE 8 | Holotype ICN-MHN 2318 for Eigenmannia magoi, scale bar 1 cm.
FIGURE 9 in Three new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from northwestern South America
FIGURE 9 | Holotype CZUT 11030 for Eigenmannia zenuensis, scale bar 1 cm.
FIGURE 6 in Three new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from northwestern South America
FIGURE 6 | Holotype IAvH-P 9238 for Eigenmannia camposi, scale bar 1 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.