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6,175 results for “Composite”
Alloy CsCdxPb1–xBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals: The Role of Surface Passivation in Preserving Composition and Blue Emission
<p>Raw data generated for the publication titled "Alloy CsCd<em><sub>x</sub></em>Pb<sub>1–<em>x</em></sub>Br<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Nanocrystals: The Role of Surface Passivation in Preserving Composition and Blue Emission".</p> <p>The *.zip file contains two main folders that group the data for the main document and for the supporting information. Each folder is devided in sub-folders with the files for the figures in the reported work. </p>
FIGURES 8–14 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 8–14. Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845; CIRAD live specimen (photos by Mathieu Coulis) 8 general view dorsally 9 general view dorsally + dorso-laterally; ATESB (photos by Karl Questel) 10 head + anterior half of LBS 1 dorso-laterally 11 head ventrally 12 LBS 21 + ultimate legs dorsally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 13 head + LBS 1-2 dorsally 14 head + LBS 1 ventrally.
FIGURES 22–29 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 22–29. Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845; Ad. Rc 7687 22 head + LBS 1 dorsally; Ad. Rc 7689 23 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Ad. Rc 7687 24 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Sad. Rc 7691 25 LBS 21 + right ultimate leg dorsally and left ultimate leg dorso-medially; Ad. Rc 7687 26 LBS 21 + prefemora of ultimate legs ventrally; Ad. Rc 7689 27 LBS 21 dorsolaterally + right ultimate leg medially; Sad. Rc 7074 28 general view dorso-laterally 29 head + LBS 21 ventrally.
FIGURES 30–36 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 30–36. Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845; Sad. Rc 7074 30 LBS 21 + left ultimate leg dorsally and right ultimate leg dorso-medially 31 LBS 21 + ultimate legs ventrally; Cormocephalus (C.) sp.; Sad Rc 7468 32 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Cormocephalus (C.) ungulatus (Meinert, 1886); Sad. Rc 7155 33 head + LBS 1 ventrally 34 LBS 21 + ultimate prefemora and femora dorsally; Ad. Rc 6483 35 head + LBS 1 dorsally 36 forcipular segment ventrally.
FIGURE 1 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURE 1. Region under study with known range of Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845 (region of Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve enlarged in the corner in blue, known range of C. guildingii in pink); (1)—Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in Western Mexico, (2)—Jamaica, (3)—Dominican Republic, (4)—Lesser Antilles, (5)—Colón Province of Panama, (6)—Amazonas State of Brazil, (7)—Pará State of Brazil, (8)—Rondonia State of Brazil, (9)—Oxapampa Province of Peru.
FIGURES 15–21 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 15–21. Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845; Sad. Rc 7690 15 head + LBS 1 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 16 head + LBS 1-4 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0002 17 LBS 20-21 + ultimate legs ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0003 18 LBS 21 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 19 LBS 21 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0003 20 prefemora of ultimate legs ventrally 21 LBS 18-21 + ultimate legs dorsally.
FIGURES 37–42 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 37–42. Cormocephalus (C.) ungulatus (Meinert, 1886); Ad. Rc 6483 37 LBS 21 + ultimate legs ventro-laterally 38 LBS 21 + left ultimate leg medially and right ultimate leg dorsally; Cormocephalus (C.) andinus (Kraepelin, 1903); Ad. Rc 6715 39 LBS 21 + prefemora of ultimate legs ventrally; Sad. No Rc 7271 40 LBS 21 ventrally; Ad. Rc 6715 41 head + LBS 1 dorsally; Ad. Rc 6714 42 LBS 17-20 plus legs 17-19 ventrally and left leg 6 laterally.
FIGURES 2–7 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 2–7. Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845; Holotype, OMNH MYRI-016-01 (photos by Darren J. Mann) 2 general view dorsally 3 head + LBS 1-4 dorsally 4 anterior half of forcipular coxosternite + tarsungulae ventrally 5 ultimate legs dorso-laterally; Cormocephalus impressus Porat, 1876 (= C. guildingii); Holotype, GMNH 453 (photos by Charlotte Jonnson) 6 head + LBS 1-4 ventrally 7 head + LBS 1, ventrally.
FIGURES 43–47 in Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
FIGURES 43–47. Cormocephalus (C.) lineatus Newport, 1845; Holotype, OMNH Ad. MYRI-016-02 (photos by Darren J. Mann) 43 general view dorsally 44 head + LBS 1, 2 dorsally 45 head and anterior part of forcipular segment ventrally 46 LBS 19-21 and ultimate legs ventrally 47 left ultimate leg laterally.
Plausible causes of seed preferences and diet composition in seed-eating passerines
<p>We evaluated whether seed mass, handling time, handling efficiency and profitability account for (a) preferences in controlled experiments, and (b) field-diet composition of four bird species of the Monte desert, Argentina. The question of whether birds maximise their energy intake rates while feeding on seeds is assessed. We used feeding experiments with six native seed species of 0.07 – 0.75 mg (i.e. the seed-size range consumed in nature), which account for 0.59 – 0.84 of the field diet of the four birds. We measured seed-handling times, and used published information on bird preferences and diets, and on seed chemistry, for further calculations. Bird preferences were always positively related to seed mass, and also to seed profitability in the two intermediate-sized birds. Diet composition correlated positively with seed mass and negatively with seed profitability in three species, but some birds also showed a flexible behaviour eating the most attractive seeds according to their availability. This behaviour is not genuinely opportunistic because it only focuses on a restricted fraction of the total seed species present in the field. Contrary to expectations of species coexistence due to resource partitioning, small and large birds showed similar feeding efficiencies when eating the smaller and the larger seeds. The positive association between seed mass and profitability in several studies suggests that most birds can maximise their energy reward, on average and in the long term, by preferring the larger seeds. A combination of potential feeding optimisation with certain flexibility in the field may characterise the feeding ecology of desert seed-eating birds.</p>
Effect of the growth medium composition on nitrate accumulation in the novel protein crop Lemna minor
<p>Duckweed is a potential alternative protein source for food and feed. However, little is known about the nitrate accumulation in this plant. A high nitrate level in vegetables can indirectly lead to an elevated intake of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds, increasing the risk of diseases for humans and animals. This research hypothesizes that the nitrate accumulation of <em>Lemna minor</em> differs between growing media. Additionally, it evaluates whether legal safety levels of nitrate for human and animal intake are exceeded. The duckweed was grown on (i) rainwater, and (ii) three synthetic media containing different nutrient levels. Furthermore, (iii) biological effluent of swine manure treatment and (iv) aquaculture effluent from pikeperch production were used, as these are potential media for closing nutrient loops in the agriculture sector. It was found that nitrate levels increased with the increasing availability of macronutrients in the water, and pH showed a particularly strong negative correlation with the nitrate levels in the plant. Nevertheless, nitrate content never exceeded 530 mg NO<sub>3</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup> fresh weight. To conclude, <em>Lemna minor</em>'s nitrate content was below safety limits for human consumption in all tested growing media; however, a potential risk for ruminants was observed as these are more sensitive to nitrate conversions in their gastro-intestinal track.</p>
Data from: Species-specific responses to warming alter community composition
<p>1. Species are responding to global climate change in varied and nuanced ways. However, how species-specific responses to climate change affect interactions among species remains poorly understood. It is important to understand species interactions under potential climate change scenarios because those interactions can in turn alter community dynamics.</p> <p>2. In this study, we conducted two complementary experiments to examine how simulated warming might alter larval intraguild predation (IGP) rates and resulting adult assemblage composition in three species of North American dragonflies: <i>Pachydiplax longipennis</i>, <i>Plathemis lydia</i>, and <i>Libellula luctuosa</i>.</p> <p>3. First, using both <i>P. longipennis</i> and <i>L. luctuosa</i>, we isolated inter- and intraspecific pairs of larval dragonflies of different size differentials to determine how size and species identity might influence IGP rates.</p> <p>4. In tandem, we conducted a year-long mesocosm experiment with all three species to assess how simulated warming and heat waves influenced the resulting adult dragonfly assemblages.</p> <p>5. IGP trials revealed that <i>P. longipennis</i> individuals were much more likely to engage in IGP than <i>L. luctuosa</i>, regardless of size differential. In the mesocosm experiment, emerging adult assemblages were dominated by <i>P. longipennis</i> individuals, a pattern that was most pronounced in the control treatment.</p> <p>6. Our results indicate that while <i>P. longipennis</i> may be the competitively dominant species under current ambient conditions, warming may alter this dynamic and lessen the dominance of this species on resulting assemblage composition.</p>
PM2.5 composition and VOCs species measured in Tianjin in July-October, 2018
<p>This spreadsheet include the concentrations of water-soluble PM2.5 chemical species (sheet 1) and VOCs species (sheet 2) measured at NKUAQS site in July-October 2018 in Tianjin, China. The dataset was used to investigate changes in these species during tropical cyclone days with respect to normal days. Results were analyzed and presented in the paper entitled "Co-Occurrence of Surface O<sub>3</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution, and Tropical Cyclones in China" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036310">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036310</a>).</p>
Data from: Intraspecific trait changes have large impacts on community functional composition but do not affect ecosystem function
<p>1. Plant functional traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of community responses to global change and of community effects on ecosystem functions. Nitrogen enrichment typically shifts trait composition by promoting the dominance of acquisitive plants (high specific leaf area [SLA] and low leaf dry matter content [LDMC]), translating into high biomass production. Changes in mean trait values can be due to shifts in species identity, relative abundances and/or intraspecific trait values. However, we do not know the relative importance of these shifts in determining trait responses to environmental changes, or trait effects on ecosystem functioning, such as biomass production. </p> <p><br> 2. We quantified the relative importance of species composition, abundance and intraspecific shifts in driving variation in SLA and LDMC, and how these shifts affected above- and belowground biomass. We measured traits in a grassland experiment manipulating nitrogen fertilisation, plant species richness, foliar fungal pathogen removal and sown functional composition (slow vs. fast species). We fitted structural equation models to test the importance of abundance and intraspecific shifts in determining 1) responses of functional composition to treatments and 2) effects on above and belowground biomass.</p> <p> <br> 3. We found that species intraspecific shifts were as important as abundance shifts in determining change in functional composition (community weighted mean trait values), and even had large effects compared to substantial initial variation in sown trait composition. Intraspecific trait shifts resulted in convergence towards intermediate SLA in diverse communities; although convergence was reduced by nitrogen addition and enhanced by pathogen removal. In contrast, large intraspecific shifts in LDMC were not influenced by the treatments. However, despite large responses, intraspecific trait shifts had no effect on above or belowground biomass. Only interspecific trait variation affected functioning: belowground biomass was reduced by SLA and increased by LDMC, while aboveground biomass was increased by SLA. </p> <p><br> 4. Our results add to a growing body of literature showing large species intraspecific trait variation and emphasise the importance of using field sampled data to determine community functional composition. However, they also show that intraspecific variation does not necessarily affect ecosystem functioning and therefore response-effect trait relationships may differ between vs. within species.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Richness and composition of the Cladocera community (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 3. NMDS showing the ordering of the studied areas in the hydrographic regions of the Northeast Western Atlantic (pink) and Parnaíba (green) of the Maranhão state. Stress = 0.4.
FIGURE 2 in Richness and composition of the Cladocera community (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 2. Species accumulation curve for the state of Maranhão built using the rarefaction and richness method observed in the Western Northeast Atlantic (pink) and Parnaíba (green) hydrographic regions.
FIGURE 1 in Richness and composition of the Cladocera community (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map of the state of Maranhão indicating the three evaluated hydrographic regions in different colors. Dark circles correspond to the records of occurrences of taxa observed in the literature. Red circles correspond to the records of new occurrences.
Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: Implication for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations
<p>Original data:</p> <p>sheet 1: PHg concentration</p> <p>sheet2: Chemical components in PM2.5</p> <p>sheet3: PHg isotopes</p> <p>sheet4: Seawater Hg isotopes</p>
Riparian cottonwood trees and adjacent river sediments have different microbial communities and produce methane with contrasting carbon isotope compositions
<p class="Abstract">Rivers and their adjacent riparian forests are intimately linked by the exchange of water, nutrients, and organic matter. Both riparian cottonwood trees and adjacent river sediments host microbial communities including archaeal methanogens, supporting methane production and emission to the atmosphere. Here we combine microbial community and stable isotope analyses to characterize the drivers of methane cycling in distinct anoxic habitats (river sediments versus riparian cottonwood stems) in the Oldman River, southern Alberta (Canada). We demonstrate that, differences in the chemical characteristics of organic matter support divergent microbial communities that generate methane from distinct metabolic pathways. Organic matter in river sediments had C/N ratios approximately 50-fold lower than in tree stems and had more diverse dissolved organic components. Contrasting substrate availability between river sediment and tree stems was likely the primary mechanism for the observed differences in bacterial and methanogen community compositions, and greater microbial diversity in river sediments than in tree stems. The methane carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C values) differed for the tree stem (-103.6 to -70.6‰) and river sediment (-55.1 to -48.4‰) environments, suggesting that methane was primarily produced via CO<sub>2</sub>-reduction in tree stems by Methanobacteriales, while river sediments produced more methane through acetate fermentation primarily by Methanosarcinales. This study demonstrates the importance of organic matter quality and microbial community composition in driving metabolic processes contributing to methane production and emission in rivers and adjacent riparian forests.</p>
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
<p>Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have unique climatic conditions, which allow the coexistence of plant lineages with different phytogeographic origins from tropical versus temperate climates. Future climate projections suggest TMCFs will be subjected to increasing drought stress due to fog uplift and higher temperatures, possibly leading to tree mortality and local extinctions, and consequently changes in forest composition and functioning. Characterising community functional composition, trade-offs among traits and the drivers of community assembly is of utmost importance to improve our capacity to predict the response of montane plant communities to forecast climate change.</p> <p>Here, we aimed to test if species from different phytogeographic origins (i.e. tropical - evergreen x deciduous - and temperate) differ in drought vulnerability and how the co-existence of these groups change the hydraulic composition of TMCF`s. We used a framework based on measurements of key hydraulic traits (i.e. xylem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, stomata control, turgor loss point, minimum water potential) of 16 dominant species (> 70% of the forest basal area) within a TMCF in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southeast Brazil. We used community-weighted means to model whether removing each species group would change the community hydraulic functional composition.</p> <p>Temperate, tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen groups differ in their hydraulic functioning and these differences explain forest functional composition and taxa dominance. Temperate and tropical deciduous taxa were consistently more vulnerable hydraulically (i.e. lower safety margins and embolism resistance). The coexistence of different phytogeographic lineages is a key determinant of TMCF hydraulic composition. We also used models including phylogeny to evaluate the variation of hydraulic traits across Phytogeographic groups, and the results suggest some niche conservatism associated with plant hydraulic functioning.</p> <p>Our results provide evidence of the importance of species phytogeographic origin on TMCF functioning, and niche conservatism in the evolution of hydraulic traits. The higher drought vulnerability observed in temperate group might be a mechanistic explanation for the expansion of temperate taxa distribution to wetter places during past colder and drier climate. Thus, we suggest hydraulic functional traits may be useful to predict future dynamics of TMCFs under changing climatic conditions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.