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3,101 results for “Historical”
Fig. 5 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 5 Detail of the phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequence of molecular markers COI–16S–ND1–28S (see full tree in Suppl. Fig. 1). Bootstrap values are shown besides the corresponding nodes. External and internal morphological differences between the species of Diporodrilus are displayed besides the corresponding branches. Dashed circles represent position of spermathecae only found in some individuals. Structures shown in light and dark shades (clitellum and tubercula
Fig. 2 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 2 Sampling localities of Diporodrilus included in this work. Codes correspond to Table 1. Black diamond: Dipodrilus omodeoi morphospecies; White circle: Diporodrilus pilosus morphospecies. Note that in ZONZ both morphospecies were found
Figure 5 in Nikolaj Livanow's historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea
Figure 5. Historical samples of Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 (lot EEZM 406-407 "Kazan. E. Meyer, 1891") and Glossiphonia grubei (Lukin & Epshtein, 1959) (lot EEZM 397 "Lake Baikal (Maloe More [Strait]). V. Garjaew, 1899"). (a) H. medicinalis (specimen No 1; dorsal view). (b) H. medicinalis (specimen No 2; ventral view). (c) G. grubei (dorsal view). Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo: A. V. Bespyatykh.
Historic version of the Environments - EOL project: final v2 version
the last version of the resource derived from the EOL v2 text
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF BABUR
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Table 1 in Removal of historical taxonomic bias and its impact on biogeographic analyses: a case study of Neotropical tardigrade fauna
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Details regarding species accumulation curves (SACs) of each biogeographic area for all data (‘false cosmopolitan’ and ‘indigenous species’) and only ‘indigenous data’. Estimated total species’ richness (asymptote) and residual sum-of-squares (RSS) were obtained when fitting each curve to an asymptotic model.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Area</b></th><th><b>Dataset</b></th><th><b>Number of surveys</b></th><th><b>Observed richness</b></th><th><b>Estimated total number of species (asymptote)</b></th><th><b>Residual sum-of-squares (RSS)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Neotropical region</th><td>All data (‘false cosmopolitan’ and ‘indigenous species’)</td><td>103</td><td>186</td><td>245</td><td>187.600</td></tr><tr><td>‘Indigenous data</td><td>78</td><td>96</td><td>155</td><td>15.750</td></tr><tr><th>Andean region</th><td>All data (‘false cosmopolitan’ and ‘indigenous species’)</td><td>50</td><td>105</td><td>141</td><td>40.710</td></tr><tr><td>‘Indigenous data</td><td>41</td><td>43</td><td>70</td><td>2.428</td></tr><tr><th>South America transition zone</th><td>All data (‘false cosmopolitan’ and ‘indigenous species’)</td><td>38</td><td>66</td><td>105</td><td>3.543</td></tr><tr><td>‘Indigenous data</td><td>24</td><td>26</td><td>65</td><td>0.078</td></tr><tr><th>Mexican transition zone</th><td>All data (‘false cosmopolitan’ and ‘indigenous species’)</td><td>13</td><td>41</td><td>84</td><td>0.004</td></tr><tr><td>‘Indigenous data’</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>55</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
THE ''NEW LOOK'' STYLE IN CLOTHING: HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND REFLECTION IN CONTEMPORARY FASHION.
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Linked collectors and determiners for: The concept of Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 revisited in light of historical and new material from the Sunda Islands (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The concept of Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 revisited in light of historical and new material from the Sunda Islands (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/7d11dc81-2b61-40fb-8eb1-fcdfb1547668">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7d11dc81-2b61-40fb-8eb1-fcdfb1547668</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7d11dc81-2b61-40fb-8eb1-fcdfb1547668">https://gbif.org/dataset/7d11dc81-2b61-40fb-8eb1-fcdfb1547668</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
APECOSM outputs used in the Earth's Future "Past and Future of Marine Ecosystems" special issue (historical-r1)
<p>APECOSM outputs used in the Earth's Future "Past and Future of Marine Ecosystems" special issue (historical-r1).</p>
Data from: Phylogenetic covariance probability: confidence and historical associations
The correlation that exists among multiple cladograms is often taken as evidence of some underlying macroevolutionary phenomenon common to the histories of those clades and, thus, as an explanation of the patterns of association of the constituent taxa. Such studies have various forms, the most common of which are cladistic biogeography and host--parasite coevolution. The issue of confidence has periodically been a theoretical consideration of vicariance biogeographers but in practice has been largely ignored by others. Previous approaches to assessing confidence in historical associations are examined here in relation to the difference between simple-event and cumulative probabilities and in relation to the restrictiveness of joint hypothesis testing. The phylogenetic covariance probability (PCP) test, a novel approach to assessing confidence in hypotheses of historical association, employs the empirical protocol of Brooks parsimony analysis (BPA) in an iterative, computer-intensive randomization routine. The PCP value consists of the frequency with which a solution as efficient or more efficient than the observed hypothesis of correlated phylogeny is achieved with random associations (e.g., of parasites and hosts or of taxa and areas). Because only the associations, and not the contributing phylogenies, are subjected to randomization, the test is not prone to certain criticisms leveled at other cladistic randomization routines. The behavior of the PCP test is examined in relation to eight published studies of historical association. This test is appropriately sensitive to the degrees of freedom allowed by the number of contributing clades and the number of taxa in those clades, to the extent of noncorrelated associations in the observed hypothesis, and to the relative information content contributing to that hypothesis.
Data from: Revisiting the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) contact zone: maternal and genome-wide nuclear variation provide support for secondary contact from historical refugia
Dissecting diversity patterns of organisms endemic to Iberia has been truly challenging for a variety of taxa, and the Iberian honey bee is no exception. Surveys of genetic variation in the Iberian honey bee are among the most extensive for any honey bee subspecies. From these, differential and complex patterns of diversity have emerged, which have yet to be fully resolved. Here, we used a genome-wide data set of 309 neutrally tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), scattered across the 16 honey bee chromosomes, which were genotyped in 711 haploid males. These SNPs were analysed along with an intergenic locus of the mtDNA, to reveal historical patterns of population structure across the entire range of the Iberian honey bee. Overall, patterns of population structure inferred from nuclear loci by multiple clustering approaches and geographic cline analysis were consistent with two major clusters forming a well-defined cline that bisects Iberia along a northeastern–southwestern axis, a pattern that remarkably parallels that of the mtDNA. While a mechanism of primary intergradation or isolation by distance could explain the observed clinal variation, our results are more consistent with an alternative model of secondary contact between divergent populations previously isolated in glacial refugia, as proposed for a growing list of other Iberian taxa. Despite current intense honey bee management, human-mediated processes have seemingly played a minor role in shaping Iberian honey bee genetic structure. This study highlights the complexity of the Iberian honey bee patterns and reinforces the importance of Iberia as a reservoir of Apis mellifera diversity.
Historical reconstruction of background air pollution over France for 2000-2015
<p>This datasets covers 16-year of air pollution concentrations and air quality indicators over France. Using a kriging<br> method that combines background measurements of air quality and modeling with the Chemistry Transport Model CHIMERE,<br> hourly concentrations of NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 are produced with a spatial resolution about 4 kilometers. Regulatory<br> indicators (annual average, SOMO35, AOT40 etc…) are also calculated from these data.</p> <p>Regulatory indicators are given at the regional, departmental and municipal levels as csv files for the different years. They are also provided at the model grid resolution on a netcdf format. </p>
FIGURE 4 in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 4. Area cladogram based on the current phylogeny of the Glandulocaudinae.
FIGURE 2 in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 2. Cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationship of the Glandulocaudinae.
Historical rice farming in China linked to contemporary polygenic score differences
<p>Following domestication in the lower Yangtze River valley 9,400 years ago, rice farming spread throughout China and changed lifestyle patterns among Neolithic populations. Here we report evidence that the advent of rice domestication and cultivation may have shaped humans not only culturally but also genetically. Leveraging recent findings from molecular genetics, we construct a number of polygenic scores of behavioural traits and examine their associations with rice cultivation based on a sample of 4,101 individuals recently collected from Mainland China. A total of nine polygenic traits and genotypes are investigated in this study, including polygenic scores of height, body mass index, depression, time discounting, reproduction, educational attainment, risk preference, <i>ADH1B</i> rs1229984 and <i>ALDH2</i> rs671. Two-stage least squares estimates of the county-level percentage of cultivated land devoted to paddy rice on the polygenic score of age at first birth (<i>b</i> = -0.029, <i>p</i> = 0.021) and <i>ALDH2</i> rs671 (<i>b</i> = 0.182, <i>p</i> < 0.001) are both statistically significant and robust to a wide range of potential confounds and alternative explanations. These findings imply that rice farming may influence human evolution in relatively recent human history.</p>
Genotype and individual data for genetic structure in Louisiana Iris species reveals patterns of recent and historical admixture
<p><b><span>Premise: </span></b><span>When divergent lineages come into secondary contact reproductive isolation may be incomplete, thus providing an opportunity to investigate how speciation is manifested in the genome. The Louisiana Irises (<i>Iris</i>, series <i>Hexagonae</i>) comprise a group of three or more ecologically and reproductively divergent lineages that can produce hybrids where they come into contact. In this study we sought to estimate standing genetic variation to understand the current distribution of population structure in the Louisiana Irises.</span></p> <p><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> We used genotyping-by-sequencing techniques to sample the genomes of Louisiana Iris species across their ranges. Twenty populations were sampled (total n=632) across 11,249 loci. Population genetic data were assessed using ENTROPY and PCA models. </span></p> <p><b><span>Results: </span></b><span>We discovered evidence for interspecific gene flow in parts of the range and revealed patterns of population structure at odds with widely accepted nominal taxonomy. Undescribed hybrid populations were discovered that were designated as belonging to the <i>I. brevicaulis</i> lineage. <i>Iris nelsonii </i>shared significant ancestry with only one of the purported parent species, <i>I. fulva, </i>evidence inconsistent with a hybrid origin.</span></p> <p><b><span>Conclusions: </span></b><span>This study provides several key findings important to the investigation of standing genetic variation in the Louisiana Iris species complex. <i>Iris brevicaulis</i> has a large amount of genetic diversity within it relative to the other nominal species. In addition, this study has discovered a previously unknown hybrid zone between <i>I. brevicaulis </i>and <i>I. hexagona</i> along the Texas coast. Finally, <i>I. nelsonii</i> does not appear to have mixed ancestry from three parental taxa as has been the longstanding hypothesis. </span></p>
Figure 2 in Historical perspective, new contributions and an enlightening dispersal mechanism for the endogean genus Typhlocharis Dieck 1869 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Figure 2. Habitus of Typhlocharis josabelae sp. nov. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.
Figure 7 in Historical perspective, new contributions and an enlightening dispersal mechanism for the endogean genus Typhlocharis Dieck 1869 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Figure 7. Known distribution of Typhlocharis carpetana along two adjacent river basins.
FIG. 1 in Historical background
FIG. 1. — Simplified geological map of the Marmara Region (modified from Siyako 2006 and Atri et al. 2012) showing the spatial distribution of Palaeogene and Neogene deposits, and the most important Palaeogene and Neogene vertebrate localities: 1, Küçükçekmece and other late Miocene mammal localities in and near Istanbul city; 2, Eskihisar; 3, Esadiye and Safran; 4, Pasalar; 5, Gülpinar; 6, ErenkÖy and Bayraktepe; 7, Middle-late Miocene localities in the Alçitepe Formation; 8, Middle-late Miocene localities near ŞarkÖy; 9, Several Oligocene localities with small and large mammals between the towns of Kesan, Malkara and UzunkÖprü; 10, Balouk Koie (= Pylaia); 11, Edirne; 12, Dolhan; 13, Yulafli. On the cartridge upper right, the location of the vertebrate localities of Küçükçekmece East (Malik & Nafiz 1933a, b) and Küçükçekmece West (Nicolas 1978).
Figure 4 from: Tillack F, de Ruiter R, Rödel M-O (2021) A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 407-450. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.68000
Figure 4 Titlepages of Ahl (1931a) "Mitteilungen…" and Ahl (1931b) "Das Tierreich" with printed dates of publication at the bottom and receipt stamps of the zoological library at ZMB with date of availability at the upper edge; compare text.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.