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Figure 11 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 11. Distribution of Kirinia climene (Esper, [1783]) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.
Figure 10 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 10. Top left Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789), upperside. Top right Melitaea diamina, underside. Bottom left Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), upperside. Bottom right Brenthis ino, underside.
Figure 8 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 8. Top left Lycaena helle, mating pair - underside. Top right Kirinia climene (Esper, [1783]), ♀ upperside. Middle left Kirinia climene, ♀ underside. Middle right Kirinia climene, ♂ underside. Bottom left Apatura metis Freyer, 1829, upperside. Bottom right Apatura metis, underside.
Figure 7 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 7.. Top left Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841), upperside. Top right Muschampia cribrellum, underside. Middle left Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, [1803]), upperside. Middle right Muschampia tessellum, underside. Bottom left Lycaena helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), ♂ upperside. Bottom right Lycaena helle, ♀ upperside.
Figure 6 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 6. Top [SR12] near Topli Dol Village, habitat of Carcharodus lavatherae, C. flocciferus, Zerynthia polyxena, Z. cerisy, Parnassius apollo, Pieris mannii, P. balcana, Maculinea arion, Scolitantides orion, Plebejus sephirus, P. anteros, Polyommatus daphnis, Hipparchia volgensis, Neptis rivularis, N. sappho, Melitaea aurelia. Bottom [SR18] above Gorni Krivodol, habitat of Pyrgus carthami, Maculinea arion, M. alcon, Scolitantides orion, Plebejus argyrognomon, Polyommatus dorylas, P. ripartii, Coenonympha leander, Satyrus ferula, Melitaea arduinna, Brenthis ino, Clossiana dia.
Figure 4 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 4. Top [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman, habitat of Euchloe ausonia, Pieris mannii, P. ergane, Maculinea alcon, Polyommatus ripartii, Kirinia roxelana, K. climene, Hipparchia volgensis, Satyrus ferula, Brenthis hecate, Clossiana dia. Bottom [SR5] Babin Zub, near Doychino Vrelo, habitat of Lycaena candens, Polyommatus eros, Erebia orientalis, E. alberganus, Coenonympha leander, C. rhodopensis, Melitaea arduinna, Clossiana eunomia.
Figure 13 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 13. Distribution of Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.
Figure 3 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 3. Top [BG27] above Komshtitsa Village, habitat of Muschampia cribrellum, Leptidea duponcheli, Pieris ergane, Glaucopsyche alexis, Plebejus sephirus, Plebejus anteros, Erebia alberganus, Coenonympha leander, Kirinia climene, Chazara briseis, Limenitis populi, Neptis rivularis, N. sappho, Melitaea arduinna, M. aurelia. Bottom [BG29] near Gubesh Village, habitat of Muschampia cribrellum, Pyrgus carthami, Parnassius mnemosyne, Lycaena dispar, Cupido osiris, Scolitantides orion, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Limenitis reducta.
Figure 9 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 9. Top left Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), upperside. Top right Nymphalis vaualbum, underside. Middle left Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1778]), aberration - upperside. Middle right Melitaea didyma, aberration - underside. Bottom left Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1783]), ♂ upper- and underside. Bottom right Melitaea arduinna, ♀ upperside.
Figure 2 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 2. Top [BG4] & [BG5] above Stakevtsi Village, habitat of Plebejus artaxerxes, Polyommatus amandus, P. eros, Erebia aethiops, Apatura iris, A. ilia, Neptis sappho, Nymphalis vaualbum, Melitaea diamina, M. arduinna, Brenthis ino. Bottom [BG22] Tri Kladentsi place, near Vrazha Glava Peak, habitat of Carterocephalus palaemon, Lycaena helle, Plebejus eumedon, Erebia orientalis, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Lasiommata petropolitana.
Figure 1 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 1. Map of the localities (numbered as waypoints). Maps legend: blue lines – rivers, red line – country border, grey area – Western Stara Planina Mts.
Figure 12 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 12. Distribution of Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1783]) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.
Figure 5 in New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Figure 5. Top [SR7] Babin Zub, Markova Livada, habitat of Pyrgus sidae, Parnassius mnemosyne, Plebejus artaxerxes, Erebia orientalis, E. alberganus, E. medusa, E. oeme, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Lasiommata petropolitana, Clossiana eunomia. Bottom [SR9] Bigar Waterfall, habitat of Thymelicus acteon, Lycaena dispar, Maculinea arion, Glaucopsyche alexis, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Apatura iris, A. ilia, A. metis, Araschnia levana, Melitaea arduinna, M. diamina, Brenthis ino, B. hecate.
Surface Marine Carbonate System Data (2019-2024) from Volunteer Observing Ship monitoring across the Western Mediterranean Sea
<p><strong><span><span>1.<span> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span>Introduction</span></strong></p> <p><span>We present here a high-resolution dataset which spans five years (February 2019 - February 2024) and is based on weekly physicochemical observations of the surface waters along the western boundary of the Mediterranean Sea. Data were automatically collected by a Surface Ocean Observation Platform (SOOP) operating in underway mode aboard the Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) MV JONA SOPHIE (formerly RENATE P until November 2021), a container ship managed by Nisa Maritima on the route between the Canary Islands and Barcelona. A total of 92 routes were completed in the Mediterranean Sea during the observation period.</span></p> <p><span>The SOOP CanOA-VOS line, designed and maintained by the QUIMA research group at IOCAG-ULPGC, is part of Spain’s contribution to the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS-ERIC) since 2021 and is recognized as an ICOS Class 1 Ocean Station, ensuring that the measurement equipment and data collection techniques meet ICOS-ERIC's high-quality standards and methodological recommendations. The data collected is also available at the ICOS Data Portal (<a href="https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-products/ocean-release">https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-products/ocean-release</a>).</span></p> <p><strong><span><span>2.<span> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span>Data collection</span></strong></p> <p><span>The dataset includes continuous monitoring of CO<sub>2</sub> levels in both surface ocean and low atmosphere, following protocols to ensure data comparability and quality given by Pierrot et al., (2009). A detailed description is provided by Curbelo-Hernández et al., 2021a, 2021b). An automated CO2 molar fraction (xCO2) measurement system, developed by Craig Nail and commercialized by General Oceanics™, was installed on the ship. This system integrates air and seawater equilibrators with a non-dispersive infrared analyzer by LICOR® for xCO2 detection. The analyzer is regularly calibrated using standard gases provided by the NOAA, traceable to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). They were in the order of 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 400 ppm and 550 ppm until January 2021, when the gas bottles for standard 2 to 4 were changed for a new set with concentrations in the order of 300 ppm, 500 ppm and 800 ppm. </span></p> <p><span>In addition to xCO2, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) were monitored using high-precision instruments. The SST was monitored by using a SBE38 thermometer placed at the main seawater intake in the engine room, with a reported error of ±0.01ºC. A SBE45 thermosalinograph and a Hart Scientific HT1523 Handheld Thermometer, with reported errors of ±0.01ºC, were used to monitor the temperature at the entrance of the wet box and inside the equilibrator, respectively. The SBE45 thermosalinograph measured the sea surface salinity (SSS) with an estimated error of ±0.005.</span></p> <p><span>Discrete seawater samples were also collected during three round trips in February 2020, March 2021, and October 2023, for further analysis of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. </span><span>A total of 102 discrete samples has been collected in the Mediterranean Sea. Total alkalinity (AT) and total inorganic carbon (CT) were determined using a VINDTA 3C according to Mintrop et al., 2000. AT was analyzed via potentiometric titration with HCl, following the carbonic acid endpoint method (Millero et al., 1993; Dickson and Goyet, 1994), while CT was determined through coulometric titration (Johnson et al., 1993). The VINDTA 3C was calibrated using Certified Reference Material (CRMs) by A. Dickson, ensuring an accuracy of ±1.5 </span><span>μ</span><span>mol kg-1 for AT and ±1.0 </span><span>μ</span><span>mol kg-1 for CT.</span></p> <p><span>The dataset contains some gaps, including a year-long gap from September 2021 to 2022 due to vessel maintenance and shorter gaps due to technical issues, which were addressed during routine maintenance. Some technical issues in 2020 were delayed due to COVID-19 constraints.</span></p> <p><strong><span>3. Dataset content</span></strong></p> <p><span>The dataset includes the following variables: </span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Date” (dd/mm/yyyy)</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Time” (hh:mm:ss)</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Latitude”</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Longitude”</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“equTemp”: seawater temperature measured inside the equilibrator using a Hart Scientific HT1523 Handheld Thermometer.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“stdVal”: value of the standard gases used for automatically calibrations.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“xCO2”: measured CO2 molar fraction without performing any correlation (raw data).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“atmPress”: Atmospheric pressure (units: atm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“equPress”: Diffeence in pressure between the atmosphere and the equilibrator (units: atm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“SST_SBE38”: Sea surface temperature measured with a SBE38 thermometer at the main seawater intake of the vessel.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“Temp_SBE45”: Seawater temperature measured with a SBE45 thermosalinograph just before the water supply to the equilibrator.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“SSS_SBE45”: Sea surface salinity measured with a SBE45 thermosalinograph just before the water supply to the equilibrator.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“xCO2corr_sw”: CO2 molar fraction measured in the sea surface after correction by using standard gases.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“xCO2corr_atm”: CO2 molar fraction measured in low atmosphere after correction by using standard gases.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“pCO2sw”: Partial pressure of CO2 in the sea surface (units: µatm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“pCO2atm”: Partial pressure of CO2 in low atmosphere (units: µatm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“fCO2sw”: fugacity of CO2 in the sea surface (units: µatm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“fCO2atm”: fugacity of CO2 in low atmosphere (units: µatm).</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“AT”: Total Alkalinity (µmol kg-1)</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“CT”: Total Inorganic Carbon (µmol kg-1)</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“pH”: pH in surface seawater at in situ temperature computed in CO2sys using as input variables AT and fCO2sw.</span></p> <p><span><span>·<span> </span></span></span><span>“pH25”: pH in surface seawater at constant temperature of 25ºC computed in CO<sub>2sys</sub> using as input variables AT and fCO2sw.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Acknowledgement</span></strong></p> <p><span>This research was supported by the Canary Islands Government and the Loro Parque Foundation through the CanBIO project, CanOA subproject (2019–2024), and the CARBOCAN agreement (Consejería de Transición Ecológica y Energía, Gobierno de Canarias). We would like to thank the JONA SOPHIE ship owner, the NISA-Marítima company and the captains and crew members for the support during this collaboration. Special thanks to the technician Adrian Castro-Alamo for biweekly equipment maintenance and discrete sampling of total alkalinity aboard the ship. The SOOP CanOA-VOS line is part of the Spanish contribution to the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS-ERIC; https://www.icos-cp.eu/) since 2021 and has been recognized as an ICOS Class 1 Ocean Station. <span>The participation of D. C-H was funded by the PhD grant PIFULPGC-2020-2 ARTHUM-2</span></span></p>
Figure 1 in Validity of a poorly known western Pacific scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae), Neomerinthe pallidimacula (Fowler, 1938)
Figure 1. - Preserved specimens of Neomerinthe pallidimacula. A: USNM 98889, holotype of Scorpaena pallidimacula, 76.0 mm SL; B: MNHN 2001- 2850, 70.2 mm SL.
Figure 1. - A in Possible collapse of reef shark populations in remote coral reef ecosystems in the Coral Sea (Western Pacific)
Figure 1. - A: Location of the Chesterfield and Bampton reefs in a central position among the Coral Sea, between the Australian Eastern coast and New Caledonia. B: Close up of the reefs where the 2010 and 2011 field trips were conducted; specific spots for shark surveys are shown with circles around the Bampton Reefs. C: Close up on the Chesterfield reefs with circles showing the locations for fishing and underwater visual surveys.
Figure 3 in Possible collapse of reef shark populations in remote coral reef ecosystems in the Coral Sea (Western Pacific)
Figure 3. - Comparison of average sizes of grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) assessed through underwater visual censuses during the 2010 (blue) and 2011 (orange) field trips. In order to facilitate the comparison, shark numbers were linked to effort (h). Sizes above 120 cm TL are essentially rep- resented by the assessment in BF3 spot (North Avon Islet) for which densities and sizes were far above the rest of the Bampton and Chesterfield reefs.
Figure 2 in Possible collapse of reef shark populations in remote coral reef ecosystems in the Coral Sea (Western Pacific)
Figure 2. - Number of grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) per size classes caught in Moorea Island (French Polynesia) and Chesterfield Islands reefs (New Caledonia), respectively, with similar techniques and fishing effort (25 h × 1 operator). The size difference was assessed as highly significantly (P <0.001), and greater in Moorea than in the Chesterfield, by a one-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test.
FIGURE 2 in VERENA TUNNICLIFFE & CORINNA BREUSING (2022) Redescription of Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, 1994 (Bivalvia, Mytilida, Mytilidae), a mussel broadly distributed across hydrothermal vent locations in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. Zootaxa, 5214 (3): 337-364.
FIGURE 2 Haplotype networks for mitochondrial COI and ND4, with haplotypes coloured by broader geographic region or type / paratype locality. Dot sizes are proportional to haplotype frequency. Dashes on connecting branches indicate number of mutations between haplotypes. Despite shared genetic variation among geographic regions, haplotypes can be broadly grouped into an Indian and western Pacific cluster.
Supporting Images to "A new species of velvet worm of the genus Oroperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from western Amazonia"
<p>Raw photographs, without <span><span>bright</span><span>ness and contrast adjustments,</span></span> corresponding to those shown in Figure 3 of "A new species of velvet worm of the genus <em>Oroperipatus</em> (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from western Amazonia".</p> <p><span><span><span>P</span></span></span><span><span><span>hotographs published in</span></span></span><span><span><span> Figure </span></span></span><span><span><span>3</span></span></span><span><span><span> were obtained by stacking using</span></span></span> <span><span>CombineZ</span><span>P</span><span> 1.0 software</span></span><span><span>, and </span></span><span><span><span>then adjust</span></span></span><span><span><span>ed for</span></span></span> <span><span>bright</span><span>ness and contrast </span></span><span><span>to highlight taxonomically important structures with Adobe Photoshop CC 2020 software (Adobe Systems, USA).</span></span></p> <p>Fig. 3. Tegument and legs morphology of <em>Oroperipatus tiputini</em> sp. nov. A. Dorsal integument. B. Ventral detail of right leg V showing five spinous pads and nephridial tubercule (np) indented at third spinous pad. C. Genital pad and pregenital legs of right side showing crural tubercules pointed by white arrows. Scales bars: 1 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B), 0.4 mm (C).</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.