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opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data for: Implications of climate change for biocontrol efficacy across the northern range of the invasive plant Linaria dalmatica

The effect of insect biological control agents on invasive plant populations can vary spatially, and spatial variation in climate may drive regional variation in herbivory, and thus biocontrol efficacy. Within host plant populations, local plant abundance can also be affected by the spatial distribution of herbivores, but whether local patterns persist at larger scales is less well understood. We examined how infestation and damage of the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthiniformis, a specialist biocontrol agent of the invasive plant Linaria dalmatica, varied with and among populations across the northern edge of the range in North America. We quantified weevil and invasive plant densities, as well as plant fecundity, stem diameter and height across sites spanning an area of ~39,000 km2 in British Columbia, Canada. We found that specialist weevils did not respond to host plant density within sites across the study region. Instead, weevil attack and load were most sensitive to among-site variability in climate, with stems at warmer sites have four times as many weevils compared to stems at cooler sites. Weevils also reduced plant fecundity more at warmer sites, when controlled for plant size (stem diameter) with larger effects of weevils in thicker stems, indicating that L. dalmatica suppression is highest in warmer locations where weevils are more abundant and environmental conditions more favorable. Our results suggest that, with climate change, the efficacy of biocontrol for L. dalmatica will improve across the northern edge of the range. We recommend that at cooler sites, where biocontrols are less prevalent and effects on plant fecundity are weaker, alternative management strategies are necessary at this time. Across invasive plant species more generally, future studies that establish the role of climate in variability in biocontrol efficacy long after introduction can improve management of invasive plants under climate change.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Conspicuous coloration of toxin-resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator-prey arms race

Antagonistic coevolution between natural enemies can produce highly exaggerated traits, such as prey toxins and predator resistance. This reciprocal process of adaptation and counter-adaptation may also open doors to other evolutionary novelties not directly involved in the phenotypic interface of coevolution. We tested the hypothesis that predator-prey coevolution coincided with the evolution of conspicuous coloration on resistant predators that retain prey toxins. In western North America, common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) have evolved extreme resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the coevolutionary arms race with their deadly prey, Pacific newts (Taricha spp.). TTX-resistant snakes can retain large amounts of ingested TTX, which could serve as a deterrent against the snakes' own predators if TTX toxicity and resistance are coupled with a conspicuous warning signal. We evaluated whether arms race escalation co-varies with bright red coloration in snake populations across the geographic mosaic of coevolution. Snake color variation departs from the neutral expectations of population genetic structure and co-varies with escalating clines of newt TTX and snake resistance at two coevolutionary hotspots. In the Pacific Northwest, bright red coloration fits an expected pattern of an aposematic warning to avian predators: TTX-resistant snakes that consume highly toxic newts also have relatively large, reddish-orange dorsal blotches. Snake coloration also seems to have evolved with the arms race in California, but overall patterns are less intuitively consistent with aposematism. These results suggest that interactions with additional trophic levels can generate novel traits as a cascading consequence of arms race coevolution across the geographic mosaic.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Proteome association studies of breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers implicate plasma protein regulation in cancer susceptibility

Full results datasets for Proteome association studies of breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers implicate plasma protein regulation in cancer susceptibility: ALL*all_pheno.csv are TOPMed-MESA combined-ancestry models, discovery and replication cohorts ARIC_EA_all_pheno.csv is ARIC European-American ancestry models, discovery cohort ARIC*meta_all.txt is ARIC European-American ancestry models, discovery and replication cohorts, with meta-analysis of disc+rep

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Emigration patterns of motile cryptofauna and their implications for trophic functioning in coral reefs

Patterns of movement of marine species can reflect strategies of reproduction and dispersal, species' interactions, trophodynamics, and susceptibility to change, and thus critically inform how we manage populations and ecosystems. On coral reefs, the density and diversity of metazoan taxa is greatest in dead coral and rubble, which is suggested to fuel food webs from the bottom-up. Yet, biomass and secondary productivity in rubble is predominantly available in some of the smallest individuals, limiting how accessible this energy is to higher trophic levels. We address the bioavailability of motile coral reef cryptofauna based on small-scale patterns of emigration in rubble. We deployed modified RUbble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS) and emergence traps in a shallow rubble patch at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, to detect community-level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under five habitat accessibility regimes. The mean density (0.13–4.5 ind.cm-3) and biomass (0.14–5.2 mg.cm-3) of cryptofauna were high and varied depending on microhabitat accessibility. Emergent zooplankton represented a distinct community (dominated by the Appendicularia and Calanoida) with the lowest density and biomass, indicating constraints on nocturnal resource availability. Mean cryptofauna density and biomass were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was blocked, driven by the rapid proliferation of small harpacticoid copepods from the rubble surface, leading to trophic simplification. Individuals with high biomass (e.g., decapods, gobies, and echinoderms) were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was unrestricted. Treatments with a closed rubble surface did not differ from those completely open, suggesting that top-down predation does not diminish rubble-derived resources. Our results show that conspecific cues and species' interactions (e.g., competition and predation) within rubble are most critical in shaping ecological outcomes within the cryptobiome. These findings have implications for prey accessibility through trophic and community size structuring in rubble, which may become increasingly relevant as benthic reef complexity shifts in the Anthropocene.

Supplementary data to the article "The first larva of the cucujiform superfamily Cleroidea from the Mesozoic and its ecological implications (Coleoptera)"

The supplementery data to the article "The first larva of the cucujiform superfamily Cleroidea from the Mesozoic and its ecological implications (Coleoptera)" contain the 8 bit TIFF image stack obtained at the Imaging Beamline P05 (IBL) operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at the storage ring PETRA III (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron-DESY, Hamburg, Germany) using synchrotron radiation based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT). The scan of the holotype specimen of Cretorhadalus constantini Kolibáč & Prokop, 2023 was used for the segmentation and volume renders.

Data in support of "Bounding the localized to ductile transition in porous rocks: what implications for geo-reservoirs?" by GG. Meyer and M. Violay

This repository contains the mechanical data from three triaxial experiments on Volvic trachyandesite in support of the publication "Bounding the localized to ductile transition in porous rocks: what implications for geo-reservoirs?" by GG Meyer and M Violay. The three files correspond to the three different samples as follow: VB21 “dry_slow”. Strain rate of 10-5s-1; no pore fluid Sample length:  0.0770m Sample diameter: 0.0382m VB22 “dry_fast”. Strain rate of 10-4s-1; no pore fluid Sample length: 0.0709m Sample diameter: 0.0372m VB23 “wet_slow”. Strain rate of 10-5s-1; water as pore fluid Sample length: 0.0813m Sample diameter: 0.0381m All files contain 5 columns: Time in s Average strain recorded by LVDT (adimensional) Average axial strain recorded by strain gauges (adimensional) Confining pressure in bar Axial stress in Pa

Frictional Properties and Healing Behavior of Tectonic Mélanges: Implications for the Evolution of Subduction Fault Zones

Here, we report data from velocity-step experiments using rocks collected from ancient subduction fault zones, the Lower Mugi and Makimine mélanges of the Cretaceous Shimanto belt. The two mélanges preserve paleotemperature records corresponding to the updip and downdip limits of the seismogenic zone and deformation recording a lower versus higher degree of pressure solution. The compostions of the mélanges analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) are also included in the datasets. Our data show that the Lower Mugi mélange sample exhibits velocity-weakening to velocity-neutral behavior under low normal stress, and the Makimine mélange sample shows velocity-strengthening behavior under high normal stress. This is consistent with the slip behavior observed at the depths they have been subducted to along the plate interface. We also perform a series of slide-hold-slide experiments under different hydrothermal conditions using the Lower Mugi mélange sample to evaluate the role of pressure solution in fault healing and its dependency on temperature. The results show that healing rates increase in tests operated at higher temperatures, which suggests the importance of pressure solution healing along plate interfaces.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Micro-CT analysis of Katian radiolarians from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, and implications for skeletogenesis

A diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia contains 13 species representing ten genera and six families. One new genus: Wiradjuri n. gen. is introduced to accommodate pre-Devonian single-shelled entactiniid taxa and one new species: Secuicollacta malongulliensis n. sp. is recorded together with some previously described forms. The micro-structure of the 'rotasphaerid structure/primary unit' and the 'ectopic spicule' are investigated to validate their roles as fundamental units in the Secuicollactidae together with comprehensive documentation of the previously enigmatic Pseudorotasphaera internal skeleton. The results of this investigation suggest that, among all radiolarian genera that survived the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction event (LOME) and transitioned into the Silurian, Secuicollacta, Haplotaeniatum, and Palaeoephippium maintained stable body plans during the transition and were more successfully established. The selective advantages these lineages had during the LOME, were most likely spontaneous outcomes of the mode of structural development involving sequential skeletogenesis and a tendency to evolve towards simpler body plans.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Model outputs associated with "Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: Implications to atmospheric oxidative capacity"

Model outputs associated with “Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: Implications to atmospheric oxidative capacity"

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Workflow for Remote Sensing for Forest Dynamics and Its Implications for Tree Outside Forest over Maryland, U.S.A.

The workflow shows the process of using the data to plot the figures in the paper "Remote Sensing for Forest Dynamics and Its Implications for Tree Outside Forest over Maryland, U.S.A."

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

FIG. 2 in Bryophytes from Glaziou's historical collections: revisiting the flora of Rio de Janeiro and implications for conservation

FIG. 2. — Species collected by Glaziou in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

SEM imaging data used in "Investigation of the porosity of L/LL4 ordinary chondrite Bjurböle using synchrotron radiation microtomography and scanning electron microscopy: Implications for parent body evolution"

SEM imaging data used in ”Investigation of the porosity of L/LL4 ordinary chondrite Bjurböle using synchrotron radiation microtomography and scanning electron microscopy: Implications for parent body evolution” contains images of a polished section of a 0.35 cm3 sample of Bjurböle obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattered electron mode (pixel size 0.55 µm), as well as elemental maps of some details of the sample obtained by an energy dispersive spectrometer, as zip archives. Folder SEM contains the images covering the entire polished section. Bulk porosity of the sample was determined to be 21.9 vol% using a gas pycnometer.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Codes for "Lithospheric elastic thickness beneath the Caloris basin: Implications for the thermal structure of Mercury"

This dataset contains the fortran codes and shell script used to generate data and figure for the article titled with "Lithospheric elastic thickness beneath the Caloris basin: Implications for the thermal structure of Mercury". GMT and SHTOOLS is required for the operation of these code. The source code named LocalizedAdmitCorrV3.f95 is modified from the SHTOOLS example: LocalizedAdmitCorr.f95 written by Mark Wieczorek (April, 2005).

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data from: Cranial endocast of Anagale gobiensis (Anagalidae) and its implications for early brain evolution in Euarchontoglires

Anagalids are an extinct group of primitive mammals from the Asian Palaeogene thought to be possible basal members of Glires. Anagalid material is rare, with only a handful of crania known. Here we describe the first virtual endocast of an anagalid, based on the holotype of Anagale gobiensis (AMNH 26079; late Eocene, China), which allows for comparison with published endocasts from fossil members of modern euarchontogliran lineages (i.e. primates, rodents, lagomorphs). The endocast displays traits often observed in fossorial mammals, such as relatively small petrosal lobules and a low neocortical ratio, which would be consistent with previous inferences about use of subterranean food sources based on heavy dental wear. In fact, Anagale gobiensis has the lowest neocortical ratio yet recorded for a euarchontogliran. This species was olfaction-driven, based on the relatively large olfactory bulbs and laterally expansive palaeocortex. The endocast supports previous inferences that relatively large olfactory bulbs, partial midbrain exposure and low encephalization quotient are ancestral for Euarchontoglires, although the likely fossorial adaptations of Anagale gobiensis may also partly explain these traits. While Anagale gobiensis is a primitive mammal in many aspects, some of its derived endocranial traits point towards a new, different trajectory of brain evolution within Euarchontoglires.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Three-dimensional morphology of the biramous appendages in Isoxys from the early Cambrian of South China, and its implications for early euarthropod evolution

Early euarthropod evolution involved a major transition from lobopodian-like taxa to organisms featuring a segmented, well-sclerotized trunk (arthrodization) and limbs (arthropodization). However, the precise origin of a completely arthrodized trunk and arthropodized ventral biramous appendages remain controversial, as well as the early onset of anterior-posterior limb differentiation in stem-group euarthropods. New fossil material and micro-computed tomography inform the detailed morphology of the arthropodized biramous appendages in the carapace-bearing euarthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. In addition to well-developed grasping frontal appendages. I. curvirostratus possesses two batches of morphologically and functionally distinct biramous limbs. The first batch consists of four pairs of short cephalic appendages with robust endites with a feeding function, whereas the second batch has more elongate trunk appendages for locomotion. Critically, our new material shows that the trunk of I. curvirostratus was not arthrodized. The results of our phylogenetic analyses recover isoxyids as some of the earliest branching sclerotized euarthropods, and strenghens the hypothesis that arthropodized biramous appendage evolved before full body arthrodization.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

TIRF Microscopy Data Files. "Multiple RNA- and DNA-binding proteins exhibit direct transfer of polynucleotides: Implications for target site search"

TIRF-microscopy images and analysis data from single-molecule experiments assessing the direct transfer phenomenon in the TREX1 exonuclease.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Effects of light quality on colonization of tomato roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and implications for growth and defense

Beneficial soil microbes can enhance plant growth and defense, but the extent to which this occurs depends on the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients. However, relatively little is known about the role of light quality, which is altered during shading, resulting in a low red: far-red ratio (R:FR) of light. We examined how low R:FR light influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-mediated changes in plant growth and defense using Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and the insect herbivore Chrysodeixis chalcites. We also examined effects on third trophic level interactions with the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Under low R:FR light, non-mycorrhizal plants activated the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), resulting in enhanced biomass production. However, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased stem elongation in shaded plants, thus counteracting the plant's SAS response to shading. Unexpectedly, activation of SAS under low R:FR light did not increase plant susceptibility to the herbivore in either non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal plants. AMF did not significantly affect survival or growth of caterpillars and parasitoids but suppressed herbivore-induced expression of jasmonic acid-signaled defenses genes under low R:FR light. These results highlight the context-dependency of AMF effects on plant growth and defense and the potentially adverse effects of AMF under shading.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Metamorphosed mélange in eastern Himalayan syntaxis: An implication for a time lag of India-Asia collision

This supporting information provides Text S1 that includes a detailed description of analytical methods, four supplemental figures, and three supplemental tables.

Characterization of the biochemical and behavioral effects of cannabidiol: implications for migraine

This dataset comprises the findings obtained in the study aimed at investigating the anti-migraine effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in the migraine rat models based by nitroglycerin (NTG) administration. We assayed CBD distribution (15 and 30mg/kg, i.p.) in plasma and in cranial areas related to migraine pain in male Sprague Dawley rats treated chronically (5 days). Successively, we tested CBD activity on the behavioral and biochemical effects induced in the acute and the chronic migraine animal models by NTG administration. In the acute migraine model, rats received CBD (15 mg or 30 mg/kg, i.p) 3 h after NTG (10 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle injection. In the chronic migraine model, rats were treated with CBD and NTG every other day over nine days with the following doses: CBD 30 mg/kg i.p., NTG 10 mg/kg i.p. We evaluated behavioral parameters with the open field and the orofacial formalin tests. We explored the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene expression, cytokines mRNA and protein levels in selected brain areas and CGRP serum level. CBD levels in the meninges, trigeminal ganglia, cervical spinal cord, medulla pons, and plasma were higher 1 h after the last treatment than after 24 h, suggesting that CBD penetrates but does not accumulate in these tissues. In the acute model, CBD significantly reduced NTG-induced trigeminal hyperalgesia and CGRP and cytokine mRNA levels in peripheral and central sites. In the chronic model, CBD caused only a significant decrease in NTG-induced IL-6 protein levels in the medulla-pons, and trigeminal ganglion. It also reduced CGRP serum levels. In both experimental conditions, there was no modulation of anxiety, motor/exploratory behavior, or grooming. The in vivo and ex vivo assessments were: 1)            mRNA expression levels: CGRP, SP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and FAAH in cervical spinal cord, medulla-pons and trigeminal ganglia. mRNA levels were measured by rt-PCR. All samples were assayed in triplicate and gene expression levels were calculated according to 2−∆∆Ct = 2− (∆Ct gene − ∆Ct housekeeping gene) formula by using Ct (cycle threshold) values. 2)            Central and peripheral CBD levels were quantified in rat brain tissue and plasma samples using a previously proven online solid phase extraction (SPE) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). 3)            Cytokines and CGRP protein levels were measured using the ELISA kits. The samples' measured absorbance was compared to a standard curve using a microplate reader. 4)            Behavior Formalin test= the face rubbing was measured counting the seconds the animal spent grooming the injected area (seconds). 5)            open field test= distance (expressed in meters) travelled in the apparatus; time spent (expressed in seconds) in the center of the apparatus; number of rearing; time spent in grooming behavior (expressed in seconds). Results in brief These data show that CBD modulates migraine-related nociceptive transmission, likely via a complex signaling mechanism involving different pathways.