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Figure 2 in Electrophoretic delineation of species boundaries within the genus Chelodina (Testudines: Chelidae) of Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia
Figure 2. Principal co-ordinates analysis applied to a matrix of Roger's D genetic distances between all individuals of Chelodina expansa. The plot shows a degree of differentiation between coastal Queensland forms (Albert River in the south to Fitzroy–Dawson River in the north, including Fraser Island) (O) and those of the Murray-Darling system (•), but these differences have not moved to fixation at any locus (45 loci).
Figure 3 in Electrophoretic delineation of species boundaries within the genus Chelodina (Testudines: Chelidae) of Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia
Figure 3. Principal co-ordinates analysis applied to a matrix of Roger's D genetic distances between all individuals of Chelodina rugosa (Queensland form) (O), C. rugosa (Northern Territory form) (Z), C. siebenrocki (•), Chelodina burrungandjii (O) and an undescribed form from the Kimberley plateau of Western Australia (Ɨ). A hybrid between Chelodina burrungandjii and C. rugosa (Northern Territory form) is included (). Three groups are evident. Chelodina burrungandjii and the undescribed form from the Kimberley plateau are undifferentiated and probably represent a single taxon. Chelodina seibenrocki and the Queensland form of C. rugosa are undifferentiated, and also probably represent a single taxon. The Northern Territory form of C. rugosa represents the third group. These three groups differ each by only one fixed difference.
Figure 11. Accipitrid distal right humerus SAMA P.58917 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 11. Accipitrid distal right humerus SAMA P.58917 in cranial (A), caudal (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view. Abbreviations: CD, condylus dorsalis; CDCS, condylus dorsalis caudal scars; CV, condylus ventralis; EV, epicondylus ventralis; FB, fossa brachialis; FO, fossa olecrani; II, incisura intercondylaris; MECR, m. extensor carpi radialis insertion scars; MFCUS, musculus flexor carpi ulnaris scars; PF, processus flexorius; PSD, tuberculum supracondylare dorsale; PSI, pronator superficialis insertion; SHT, sulcus humerotricipitalis; SST, sulcus scapulotricipitalis; TSV, tuberculum supracondylare ventrale. Scale bar 10 mm.
Figure 3 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 3. Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998 rostrum in lateral (A) and ventral (B) view; quadrate in medial (C) and lateral (D) view; atlas vertebra in caudal (E), lateral (F) and cranial (G) view; and axis vertebra in caudal (H), lateral (I) and cranial (J) view. Specimens in A-D are coated in ammonium chloride. Abbreviations: Arc. At., arcus atlantis; CC, condylus caudalis; CM, condylus medialis; CP, condylus pterygoideus; CS, capitulum squamosum; CT, crista tomialis; FA, facies articularis; FAA, facies articularis axialis; FC, fossa condyloidea; FPB, fossa pneumaticum basiorbitale; FPC, fossa/depressio pneumaticum caudomediale; IAC, incisura caudalis arcus; IF, incisura fossae; IV, incisura ventromedialis; N, nasale; PAC, processus articularis caudalis; PM, pars maxillaris palatini; POr, processus orbitalis; POt, processus oticus. Scale bars are 10 mm.
Figure 12. Distal left femur NMV P.222435 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 12. Distal left femur NMV P.222435 depicted in cranial (A), caudal (B), medial (C) and lateral (D) view. Abbreviations: CM, condylus medialis; EL, epicondylus lateralis; FPop, fossa poplitea; IG, impressio m. gastrocnemialis lateralis; ILCC, impressio lig. cruciati cranialis; LIC, linea intermuscularis caudalis; PPAP, planum popliteum attachment point; SP, sulcus patellaris; TF, trochlea fibularis; TMGM, tuberculum muscularis gastrocnemialis medialis. Scale bar 10 mm.
Figure 4 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 4. Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998 partial sternum in cranial (A), left lateral (B) and dorsal (C) view; right scapula in lateral (D) and medial (E) view; omal fragments of the left coracoid in medial (F) and lateral (H) view and of the right coracoid indorsal (G) and medial (I) view. Specimens in A, B, and F-I are coated in ammonium chloride. Abbreviations: AC, apex carina; Ac, acromion; CMC, crista medialis carinae; CtS, cotyla scapularis; ColS, collum scapulae; FAC, facies articularis clavicularis; FAH, facies articularis humeralis; FoNS, foramen nervi supracoracoidei; ILA, impressio ligamenti acrocoracohumeralis; LI, labrum internum; MD, margo dorsalis; PC, pila carinae; PM, pila medialis; P. Procor., processus procoracoideus; SAC, sulcus articularis coracoideus; SE, spina externa; SMS, sulcus m. supracoracoidei; TC, tuberculum coracoideum. Scale bars are 10 mm.
Figure 8 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 8. Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998 proximal left and right femoral fragments in medial (A) and cranial (B) view, left tibiotarsus in cranial (C) and caudal (D) aspect, and distal right tibiotarsus (E-G) in medial (E) lateral (F) and cranial (G) view. Abbreviations: CExt, canalis extensorius; CrF, crista fibularis; CL, condylus lateralis; CM, condylus medialis; CrTRMF, cranial tuberculum retinaculi musculus fibularis; DEL, depressio epicondylaris lateralis; DEM, depressio epicondylaris medialis; DREM, distal insertion retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi; ECM, epicondylus medialis; FAAce, facies articularis acetabularis; FLC, fovea ligamenti capitis; II, incisura intercondylaris; ILCM, impressio ligamenti collateralis medialis; PTREM, proximal insertion scar retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi; PS, pons supratendineus; SExt, sulcus extensorius; SELC, lateral crista beside sulcus extensorius. Scale bars 10 mm.
Figure 7 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 7. Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998 left carpometacarpus in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view, manual phalanx digiti majoris II.1 broken distally (C), manual phalanx digiti majoris II.2 (D), manual phalanx digiti alularis I.1 (E), manual phalanx digiti minoris III.1 (F), os carpale radiale in caudal (G) and cranial (H) view, and os carpale ulnare in caudal (I) and cranial (J) view. Carpometacarpus coated with ammonium chloride. Abbreviations: CaD, caudal fossa; CB, crus breve; CCr, caudal crista; CrL, crus longus; CLF, crus longus fossa; CLS, crus longus sulcus; CrPro, cranial projection; CVFos, cranial ventral fossa; DSyn, distal synostosis; DVF, dorsal ventral fossa; DVP, distoventral projection; ECR, extensor carpi radialis; FADMaj, facies articularis digitalis major; FADMin, facies articularis digitalis minor; FAM, facies articularis metacarpalis; FARad, facies articularis radialis; FAU, facies articularis ulnaris; FAUF, facies articularis ulnaris fossa; FCCr, fovea carpalis cranialis; FCCd, fovea carpalis caudalis; FI, fossa infratrochlearis; FS, fossa supratrochlearis; IM, incisura metacarpalis; ITR, intermetacarpal tuberosity; NMUMV, notch for musculus ulnometacarpalis ventralis; OMMa, os metacarpale majus; OMMi, os metacarpale minus; PA, processus alularis; PDF, proximodorsal fossa; PE, processus extensorius; PLA, proximal ligament attachment; PrPis, processus pisiformis; PS, proximal sulcus; PSyn, proximal synostosis; PVP, proximoventral projection; SpI, spatium intermetacarpale; ST, sulcus tendineus; SV, sulcus on ventral facies; TrC, trochlea carpalis. Scale bars 10 mm.
Figure 14. Analysis 4a in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 14. Analysis 4a: combined molecular and morphological data (ordered) analysed with Bayesian methods; molecular and morphological partition branch lengths unlinked. Node values show posterior probability.
Figure 6 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 6. Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998 left radius in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view, and left ulna in ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) view. Abbreviations: CD, condylus dorsalis; CrI, crista intercotylaris; CtV, cotyla ventralis; CV, condylus ventralis; DL, depressio ligamentosa; DR, depressio radialis; FAR, facies articularis radiocarpalis; FAU, facies articularis ulnaris; IB, impressio brachialis; IR, incisura radialis; IST, impressio scapulotricipitis; IT, incisura tendinosa; ITC, incisura tuberculum carpalis; PCD, processus cotylaris dorsalis; SI, sulcus intercondylaris; ST, sulcus tendineus; T, tuberculum; TAV, tuberculum aponeurosis ventralis; TBR, tuberculum bicipitale radiale; TCr, tuberculum carpale; TLCV, tuberculum ligamentum collateralis ventralis. Scale bar 10 mm.
Figure 5 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 5. Proximal humerus fragments of Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998: right, in caudal view (A); left, in dorsal (B) and cranial (C) views. Specimens in B and C are coated in ammonium chloride. Abbreviations: CD, crista deltopectoralis; CDF, crus dorsale fossae; CH, caput humeri; CVF, crus ventrale fossae; FP, fossa pneumotricipitalis; IC, incisura capitis; IH, intumescentia humeri; SLT, sulcus ligamenti transversus. Scale bars are 10 mm.
Figure 13 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 13. PCA plots using length measurements of the carpometacarpus, ulna, humerus, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, pedal digit 1 and pedal digit 2 treated in three ways. (A) Absolute data, (B) log-transformed data, (C) size standardised data with variables proportional to quadrate height. Directional arrows at top right indicate directionality of limb length (S, short and L, long) along the PC axes. Note: axes in Aand Bhave been scaled for better visualisation, so 2D distances do not represent true 2D distances in PCA space. Abbreviations: Ae. mon., Aegypius monachus; Ar. syl., Archaehierax sylvestris; Aq. au., Aquila audax; Ci. as., Circus assimilis; El. scr., Elanus scriptus; Gy. cop., Gyps coprotheres; Ham. mel., Hamirostra melanosternon; Hal. leug., Haliaeetus leucogaster; Hi. mor., Hieraaetus morphnoides; Lo. isu., Lophoictinia isura; Ne. per., Neophron percnopterus; Pe. api., Pernis apivorus; Spl. ch., Spilornis cheela; Spz. tyr., Spizaetus tyrannus. Dark green, forested habitat; light green, woodland/open forest; orange, open habitat (grassland, savannah etc.). Fossil (Archaehierax) indicated by black square.
Figure 2 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 2. Exemplar accipitriform skeleton, Pandion haliaetus cristatus, derived from an illustration in Eyton (1867), showing the bones preserved in the fossil accipitrid specimen SAMA P.54998 shaded in grey. The illustrated taxon and fossil material are not identical in terms of the morphology of individual elements.
Figure 10 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 10. Image showing left pedal phalanges and os metatarsale 1 of Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998, digit 1 (A), digit 2 (B), digit 3 (C) and digit 4 (D) with RI.2 added given the left counterpart was broken. Scale bar 10 mm.
Figure 1 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 1. (A) Map of South Australia with general location of Frome Sub-Basin fossil sites marked with a rectangle, (B) detailed map of the study sites in the Frome Sub-Basin. Lake Pinpa Sites 11 and 12, Ericmas Quarry, and Wells Bog Site located by black squares.
Figure 9 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia
Figure 9. Tarsometatarsi of Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998, left in dorsal (A), plantar (B), proximal end plantar (D) and proximal E) view, and distal right in dorsal (C), medial (F), lateral (G), and distal (H) view. Abbreviations: CLFHL, crista lateralis flexoris hallucis longus; CtM, cotyla medialis; CMFDL, crista medialis flexoris digitorum longus; CPL, crista plantares lateralis; CPM, crista plantares medialis; EI, eminentia intercotylaris; FLCo, fovea ligamentosa collateralis; FMI, fossa metatarsi I; FVD, foramen vasculare distale; FVP, foramen vasculare proximale; IIL, incisura intertrochlearis; IIM, incisura intertrochlearis medialis; IMFHB, incisura musculus flexor hallucis brevis; SExt, sulcus extensorius; SF, sulcus flexorius; T, tuberculum; TII, trochlea metatarsi II; TIII, trochlea metatarsi III; TIV, trochlea metatarsi IV. Scale bars 10 mm.
A deep learning dataset for underwater object detection of tropical freshwater fish species in northern Australia
<p>This dataset includes 44,112 images with 82,904 bounding box annotations for 23 tropical freshwater fish taxa from northern Australia. </p> <p>Images were derived from Remote Underwater Video (RUV) deployments in deep channel and shallow lowland billabongs, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory Australia. RUV deployments were conducted during the <a href="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/science-research/supervising-scientist">Supervising Scientists</a> annual fish monitoring program in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 recessional flow period (dry season). More information can be found <a href="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/ss-atr-2020-21.pdf">here</a>.</p> <ul> <li>All images are in .jpg format and are 1920x1080 in dimension.</li> <li>Bounding box annotations are in COCO format. </li> </ul> <p>Two .zip files are included:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/990412db-e633-4f82-9b32-6990ef439ccd/202210-KakaduFishAI-CompactModel.zip">202210-KakaduFishAI-CompactModel.zip</a>: includes compact model weights in tensorflow format (.pb) trained using Azure's Custom Vision platform. This model is suitable for edge devices due to its reduced size. Code is provided to use the compact model for inferencing. </li> <li> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/990412db-e633-4f82-9b32-6990ef439ccd/202210-KakaduFishAI-TrainingData.zip">202210-KakaduFishAI-TrainingData.zip</a>: includes all images and one COCO (.json) file with annotations. </li> </ul> <p>Fish taxa include: </p> <ol> <li><em>Ambassis agrammus</em></li> <li><em>Ambassis macleayi</em></li> <li><em>Amniataba percoides</em></li> <li><em>Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum</em></li> <li><em>Denariusa bandata</em></li> <li><em>Glossamia aprion</em></li> <li><em>Glossogobius</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Hephaestus fuliginosus</em></li> <li><em>Lates calcarifer</em></li> <li><em>Leiopotherapon unicolor</em></li> <li><em>Liza ordensis</em></li> <li><em>Megalops cyprinoides</em></li> <li><em>Melanotaenia nigrans</em></li> <li><em>Melanotaenia splendida inornata</em></li> <li><em>Mogurnda mogurnda</em></li> <li><em>Nemetalosa erebi</em></li> <li><em>Neoarius</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Neosilurus</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Oxyeleotris</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Scleropages jardinii</em></li> <li><em>Strongylura kreffti</em></li> <li><em>Syncomistes butleri</em></li> <li><em>Toxotes chatareus</em></li> </ol> <p>If you use this data for your own deep learning project we'd love to hear about how you used this dataset: andrew.jansen@environment.gov.au.</p>
Data from: Species of Dickinsonia Sprigg from the Ediacaran of South Australia
<p><span>An iconic member of the Ediacara Biota, <em>Dickinsonia</em> Sprigg is one of few such taxa with multiple species. Here we use gaussian finite mixture models to assess the validity of species distinctions for this genus. Our results indicate that the five described species of <em>Dickinsonia</em> from the Ediacara Member, South Australia are better classified as two based on multiple approaches. Two different methods for dimension reduction both provide strong support for two groups, with overlapping but distinct mixture models. The variable selection method produces the most biologically realistic clusters, indicating that the two species can be primarily differentiated based on the greater relative size of the anteriormost unit of <em>Dickinsonia</em> <em>costata</em> Sprigg compared with <em>Dickinsonia</em> <em>tenuis</em> Glaessner & Wade. Despite differences in aspect ratio and number of modules, both species regulated growth to maintain overall shape. The greater likelihood of preservation of a midline and an irregular outer margin in <em>D</em>. <em>tenuis</em> highlights differential structural integrity and flexibility. Co-occurrence in the Ediacara Member indicates that both species occupied the same environments and temporal distribution. Smaller maximum and average size, combined with higher abundance of <em>D</em>. <em>costata</em>, may suggest a comparatively shorter lifespan and increased rates of reproduction.</span></p>
Data for: Population genomics and conservation management of the threatened black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) in northern Australia
<p>Genomic diversity is a fundamental component of Earth's total biodiversity and requires explicit consideration in efforts to conserve biodiversity. To conserve genomic diversity, it is necessary to measure its spatial distribution and quantify the contribution that any intraspecific evolutionary lineages make to overall genomic diversity. Here, we describe the range-wide population genomic structure of a threatened Australian rodent, the black-footed tree-rat (<em>Mesembriomys</em> <em>gouldii</em>), aiming to provide insight into the timing and extent of population declines across a large region with a dearth of long-term monitoring data. By estimating recent trajectories in effective population sizes at four localities, we confirm widespread population decline across the species' range, but find that the population in the peri-urban area of the Darwin region has been more stable. Based on current sampling, the Melville Island population made the greatest contribution to overall allelic richness of the species, and the prioritisation analysis suggested that conservation of the Darwin and Cobourg Peninsula populations would be the most cost-effective scenario to retain more than 90% of all alleles. Our results broadly confirm current sub-specific taxonomy and provide crucial data on the spatial distribution of genomic diversity to help prioritise limited conservation resources. Along with additional sampling and genomic analysis from the far eastern and western edges of the black-footed tree-rat distribution, we suggest a range of conservation and research priorities that could help improve black-footed tree-rat population trajectories at large and fine spatial scales, including the retention and expansion of structurally complex habitat patches.</p>
Coordination of hydraulic and morphological traits across dominant grasses in eastern Australia
<p>1. Leaf hydraulic traits characterize plant drought tolerance and responses to climate change. Yet, plant hydraulics are biased towards northern hemisphere woody species. We collected rhizomes of several perennial grass species along a precipitation gradient in eastern Australia and grew them in an experimental garden to investigate potential tradeoffs between drought tolerance and plant morphology.</p> <p>2. We measured the following leaf hydraulic traits: the leaf water potential (Ψleaf) at 50% and 88% loss of leaf hydraulic conductance (P50Kleaf and P88Kleaf), the Ψleaf at 50% loss of stomatal conductance (P50gs), leaf turgor loss point (TLP), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf modulus of elasticity (ε), and the slope of the relationship between predawn and midday Ψleaf. We also measured basal area, tiller density, seed head density, root collar diameter, plant height, and aboveground biomass of each individual.</p> <p>3. As expected, grass species varied widely in leaf-level drought tolerance, with loss of 88% hydraulic conductance occurring at a Ψleaf ranging from -1.52 to -4.01 MPa. However, all but one species lost leaf turgor, and most reached P50gs before this critical threshold. Taller more productive grass species tended to have drought vulnerable leaves characterized by low LDMC and less negative P88Kleaf. Species with greater tiller production experienced stomatal closure and lost turgor at more negative Ψleaf. Although our sample size was limited, we found no relationships between these species' traits and their climate of origin.</p> <p>4. Overall, we identified important hydraulic and morphological tradeoffs in Australian grasses that were surprisingly similar to those observed for woody plants: (1) xylem of taller species was less drought tolerant and (2) turgor loss occurs and stomatal closure begins before significant loss of Kleaf. These data build upon a small yet growing field of grass hydraulics and may be informative of species responses to further drought intensification in Australia.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.