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opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data for: Separation of oil vapor by polyether block amide composite membrane modified with porous materials

The ability of membranes to separate oil vapor is affected by their permeance and selectivity. This study modifies polyether block amide (PEBA) composite membranes with a microporous zeolite, Silicalite-1, or a mesoporous zeolite, MCM-41. The results show that when PEBA composite membranes are modified with these zeolites, the selective layer of the composite membrane is coated more thinly, resulting in a higher flux of organic gas. Silicalite-1 increases the hydrophobicity of the membrane, which facilitates the adsorption of organic vapor on the membrane surface, thus improving the membrane selectivity. In the separation of oil vapor, both modified membranes can effectively increase the gas permeabilities and selectivities. The main mechanism governing gas transport in the MCM-41-modified membrane is Knudsen diffusion, so the selectivity for small molecules is improved more significantly. By contrast, the dissolution–diffusion mechanism is dominant in the Silicalite-1-modified membranes, which considerably increases the selectivity for large molecules.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Elemental and S isotopic composition data for "Sulfur isotopic fractionation of the youngest Chang'e-5 basalts: Constraints on the magma degassing and geochemical features of the mantle source"

Data for "Sulfur isotopic fractionation of the youngest Chang'e-5 basalts: Constraints on the magma degassing and geochemical features of the mantle source".

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Microbiome composition and autochthonous probiotics from contrasting probiosis/dysbiosis states in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish epitheliocystis

Bacterial isolates from cobia tissues, feeding sources and aquaria waters: identity and relevant activities. Source raw sequence data in Supplementary Online Material Data 1

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Supplementary Information and Data for The Effect of Compositional Heterogeneity on the Martensite Start Temperature of a High Strength Steel During Rapid Austenitisation and Cooling

The supplementary information and supporting data for "The Effect of Compositional Heterogeneity on the Martensite Start Temperature of a High Strength Steel During Rapid Austenitisation and Cooling" in the proceedings of the 42nd Risø International Symposium on Materials Science. The images used in the paper are also included. The files for the montaged EBSD datasets are not included but can be made available upon request. Contact the corresponding author: mark.taylor-5@manchester.ac.uk

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Macronutritional composition of Swedish moose rumen samples collected 2014/15

At northern latitudes, large spatial and temporal variation in the nutritional composition of available foods poses challenges to wild herbivores trying to satisfy their nutrient requirements. Studies conducted in mostly captive settings have shown that animals from a variety of taxonomic groups deal with this challenge by adjusting the amounts and proportions of available food combinations to achieve a target nutrient balance. In this study, we used proportions-based nutritional geometry to analyse the nutritional composition of rumen samples collected in winter from 481 moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden and examine whether free-ranging moose show comparable patterns of nutrient balancing. Our main hypothesis was that wild moose actively regulate their rumen nutrient composition to offset ecologically imposed variation in the nutritional composition of available foods. To test this, we assessed the macronutritional composition (protein, carbohydrates, and lipids) of rumen contents and commonly eaten foods, including supplementary feed, across populations with contrasting winter diets, spanning an area of approximately 10 000 km2. Our results suggest that moose balanced the macronutrient composition of their rumen, with the rumen contents having consistently similar proportional relationship between protein and non-structural carbohydrates, despite differences in available (and eaten) foods. Furthermore, we found that rumen macronutrient balance was tightly related to ingested levels of dietary fiber (cellulose and hemicellulose), such that the greater the fiber content, the less protein was present in the rumen compared to non-structural carbohydrates. Our results also suggest that moose benefit from access to a greater variety of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses, which provides them with a larger nutritional space to manoeuvre within. Our findings provide novel theoretical insights into a model species for ungulate nutritional ecology, while also generating data of direct relevance to wildlife and forest management, such as silvicultural or supplementary feeding practices.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Ungulate herbivores as drivers of Aspen recruitment and understory composition throughout arid Montane landscapes

Herbivory by wild and domestic ungulates can influence tree recruitment and understory forest communities throughout the world. Herbivore-driven declines in tree recruitment have been observed for quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), a foundation species whose health and management is recognized as a critical priority throughout much of its range. Livestock fencing is commonly used to promote aspen regeneration, but its effectiveness is rarely assessed, especially across large spatial scales. Using a livestock-reduction experiment, we evaluated the effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen in the Great Basin and southern Cascades, an expansive and environmentally heterogeneous region where aspen faces the interacting threats of climate change, conifer encroachment, and herbivory. We found that livestock fencing only reduced the intensity of herbivore browsing on aspen when wild ungulate abundance was low, and did not increase stem densities of aspen recruits. Contrary to expectations, wild ungulate abundance was a strong driver of browsing intensity on juvenile aspen within fenced, but not unfenced aspen stands, and when the abundance of these herbivores was high, browsing intensity in fenced stands exceeded that in unfenced stands. The density of aspen recruits decreased with browsing intensity on juvenile aspen and with the density of both adult aspen and conifers, suggesting that both herbivory and intra- and interspecific competition are important drivers of recruitment. Fire history was also an important driver of recruitment, with stands that burned 10-20 years ago having the greatest density of aspen recruits. Finally, in the stand understory, we found that livestock fencing decreased forb cover, increased shrub species richness, and increased the cover of exotic annual grasses, a group dominated by Bromus tectorum. This latter finding suggests that livestock fencing may not be appropriate in areas where controlling the spread of this invader is a priority. In sum, our findings indicate that aspen recruitment is limited by browsing by both wild and domestic ungulates, is mediated by competition with neighboring trees and fire history, and will require management actions beyond livestock fencing, as this approach does not control browsing by wild ungulates.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Gut microbiota composition does not associate with Toxoplasma infection in rats

Toxoplasma infection in intermediate host species closely associates with inflammation. This association has led to suggestions that the behavioural changes associated with infection may be indirectly driven by the resulting sustained inflammation rather than a direct behavioural manipulation by the parasite. If this is correct, sustained inflammation in chronically infected rodents should present as widespread changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota due to the dependency between the composition of these microbiota and sustained inflammation. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment in rats that were assigned to a Toxoplasma-treatment, placebo-treatment or negative control group. We sacrificed rats during the chronic phase of infection, collected their cecal stool samples and sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterise the bacterial community in these samples. Toxoplasma infection did not induce widespread changes in the bacterial community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Rather, we found sex differences in the bacterial community composition of rats. We conclude that it is unlikely that sustained inflammation is the mechanism driving the highly specific behavioural changes observed in Toxoplasma-positive rats.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Data for Optimization of Printed Polyaniline Composites for Gas Sensing Applications

Free available dataset for the publication in MDPI Sensors with the title: "Optimization of Printed Polyaniline Composites for Gas Sensing Applications"

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Responses of a semiarid grassland to recurrent drought is linked to community functional composition

Climate change-driven increases in the frequency of extreme droughts could negatively impact the functioning of grassland ecosystems. While several studies have documented the impact of individual droughts on grassland function, less is known about how grasslands will respond to recurrent drought. We conducted a repeated extreme drought experiment in a semiarid grassland that consisted of three stages: (1) initial drought, (2) recovery, and (3) subsequent drought. We measured aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species richness, plant functional traits, and functional diversity. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we investigated the causal mechanisms of ANPP response to recurrent drought. The initial drought led to reduced ANPP, although this was driven by a differential reduction in the growth of grasses and forbs. Total ANPP completely recovered as the rapid recovery of grass productivity compensated for the slow recovery of forb productivity. The magnitude of ANPP responses to the subsequent drought was greater than the initial drought. The SEMs revealed that soil moisture influenced ANPP responses directly during the initial drought, and indirectly during the subsequent drought by altering community functional trait means and diversity during the subsequent drought. These differential mechanisms alter our fundamental understanding of ecosystem drought sensitivity, which is primarily based on single drought studies.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Hexagonal Silicon-Germanium Nanowire Branches with Tunable Composition

Hexagonal SiGe-2H has been recently shown to have a direct bandgap, and holds the promise to be compatible with silicon technology. Hexagonal Si (Ge) has been grown on an epitaxial lattice matched template consisting of wurtzite GaP (GaAs). Here, we present the growth of hexagonal Si and SiGe nanowire branches grown from a wurtzite stem by the Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) growth mode, which is substantiated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. We show that the composition can be tuned through the whole range of stoichiometry from Si to Ge, and the possibility to realize Si and SiGe heterostructures in these branches.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Predator cannibalism can shift prey community composition toward dominance by small prey species

Cannibalism among predators is a key intraspecific interaction affecting their density and foraging behaviour, eventually modifying the strength of predation on heterospecific prey. Interestingly, previous studies showed that cannibalism among predators can increase or reduce predation on heterospecific prey; however we know less about the factors that lead to these outcomes. Using a simple pond community consisting of Hynobius retardatus salamander larvae and their associated prey, I report empirical evidence that cannibalism among predators can increase predation on large heterospecific prey but reduce that on small heterospecific prey. In a field-enclosure experiment in which I manipulated the occurrence of salamander cannibalism, I found that salamander cannibalism increased predation on frog tadpoles but reduced that on aquatic insects simultaneously. The contrasting effects are most likely to be explained by prey body size. In the study system, frog tadpoles were too large for non-cannibal salamanders to consume, while aquatic insects were within the non-cannibals' consumable prey size range. However, when cannibalism occurred, a few individuals that succeeded in cannibalising reached large enough size to consume frog tadpoles. Consequently, although cannibalism among salamanders reduced their density, salamander cannibalism increased predation on large prey frog tadpoles. Meanwhile, salamander cannibalism reduced predation on small prey aquatic insects probably because of a density reduction of non-cannibals primarily consuming aquatic insects. Body size is often correlated with various ecological traits, for instance, diet width, consumption and excretion rates, and is thus considered as a good indicator of species' effects on ecosystem function. All this considered, cannibalism among predators could eventually affect ecosystem function by shifting the size composition of the prey community.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Pathogenic variants damage cell composition and single cell transcription in cardiomyopathies

Pathogenic variants in genes that cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) convey high risks for the development of heart failure through unknown mechanisms. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we characterized the transcriptome of 880,000 nuclei from 18 control and 61 failing, nonischemic human hearts with pathogenic variants in DCM and ACM genes or idiopathic disease. We performed genotype-stratified analyses of the ventricular cell lineages and transcriptional states. The resultant DCM and ACM ventricular cell atlas demonstrated distinct right and left ventricular responses, highlighting genotype-associated pathways, intercellular interactions, and differential gene expression at single-cell resolution. Together, these data illuminate both shared and distinct cellular and molecular architectures of human heart failure and suggest candidate therapeutic targets.   Link to article: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo1984 To match Clinical information (supplementary information) with Sample IDs on Zenodo, please access the Excel table "Additional_note_samples.xlsx" on the github repository: https://github.com/heiniglab/DCM_heart_cell_atlas

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Data for: Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment

Data for: Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment. This dataset was obtained surveying wild bees using pan-traps in the metropolitan city of Rome in 2016.

Supplementary material 1 from: Behei N, Tryhubchak O, Pryymak B (2022) Development of amlodipine and enalapril combined tablets based on quality by design and artificial neural network for confirming of qualitative composition. Pharmacia 69(3): 779-789. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e86876

The results of the study of pharmaco-technological parameters of intermediates and amlodipine tablets with enalapril, data of the functions of desirability

The relative influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the benthic composition of an Indo-Pacific and Caribbean coral reef over the last decade

Rising ocean temperatures are the primary driver of coral reef declines throughout the tropics. Such declines include reductions in coral cover that facilitate the monopolisation of the benthos by other taxa such as macroalgae, resulting in reduced habitat complexity and biodiversity. Long term monitoring projects present rare opportunities to assess how sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) influence changes in the benthic composition of coral reefs across distinct locations. Here, using extensively monitored coral reef sites from Honduras (in the Caribbean Sea), and from the Wakatobi National Park located in the centre of the coral triangle of Indonesia, we assess the impact of global warming on coral reef benthic compositions over the period 2012-2019. Bayesian Generalised Linear Mixed effect Models revealed increases in sponge, and hard coral coverage through time, while rubble coverage decreased at the Indonesia location. Conversely, the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) did not predict any changes in benthic coverage. At the Honduras location, algae and soft coral coverage increased through time, while hard coral and rock coverage were decreasing. The effects of SSTA at the Honduras location included increased rock coverage, but reduced sponge coverage, indicating disparate responses between both systems under SSTAs. However, redundancy analyses showed intra-location site variability explained the majority of variance in benthic composition over the course of the study period. Our findings show that SSTAs have differentially influenced the benthic composition between the Honduras and the Indonesia coral reefs surveyed in this study. However, large intra-location variance which explains the benthic composition at both locations indicates that localised processes have a predominant role for explaining benthic composition over the last decade. The sustained monitoring effort is critical for understanding how these reefs will change in their composition as global temperatures continue to rise through the Anthropocene.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Multi-faceted metagenomic analysis of spacecraft associated surfaces reveal planetary protection relevant microbial composition

Supplemental tables and figures for manuscript titled: "Multi-faceted metagenomic analysis of spacecraft associated surfaces reveal planetary protection relevant microbial composition" Abstract NASA has been monitoring the microbial burden of spacecraft since the 1970’s Viking missions. Originally based upon culture-based and then focused 16S sequencing techniques, we have now applied whole metagenomic sequencing of cleanroom samples at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), including the Spacecraft Assembly Facility (SAF) with the goals of taxonomic identification and for functional assignment. Our samples included facility pre-filters, cleanroom vacuum debris, and surface wipes. The taxonomic composition was carried out by three different analysis tools. Hierarchical clustering analysis separated vacuum particles from SAF DNA samples. Vacuum particle samples were the most diverse while DNA samples from the ISO facilities and the SAF were the least diverse; all three were dominated by Proteobacteria. Wipe samples had higher diversity and were predominated by Actinobacteria, including human commensals Cutibacterium acnes and Corynebacterium. Taxa identified by the three methods were not identical, supporting the use of multiple methods for metagenome characterization. Likewise, functional annotation was performed using multiple methods. Vacuum particle and SAF tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid biosynthesis suggested that many of the identified microorganisms have the ability to grow in nutrient-limited environments. In total, 18 high quality metagenome assembled genomes were generated and were dominated by Moraxella osloensis or Malassezia restricta. A M. osloensis MAG was assembled into a single circular scaffold and gene annotated.  This includes a rigorous quantitative determination of microbial loads, and a qualitative dissection of microbial composition. Genomic assembly led to greater confidence of species identification and their functional roles.

Data from: Rocky Mountain forests are poised to recover following bark beetle outbreaks, but with altered composition

<ol> <li>Amplified by warming temperatures and drought, recent outbreaks of native bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have caused extensive tree mortality throughout Europe and North America. Despite their ubiquitous nature and important effects on ecosystems, forest recovery following such disturbances is poorly understood, particularly across regions with varying abiotic conditions and outbreak effects.</li> <li>To better understand post-outbreak recovery across a topographically complex region, we synthesized data from 16 field studies spanning subalpine forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. From 1997 to 2019, these forests were heavily affected by outbreaks of three native bark beetle species (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus rufipennis, and Dryocoetes confusus). We compared pre- and post-outbreak forest conditions and developed region-wide predictive maps of post-outbreak (1) live basal areas, (2) juvenile densities, and (3) height growth rates for the most abundant tree species – aspen (Populus tremuloides), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).</li> <li>Beetle-caused tree mortality reduced the average diameter of live trees by 28.4% (5.6 cm), and species dominance was altered on 27.8% of field plots with shifts away from pine and spruce. However, most plots (82.1%) are likely to recover towards pre-outbreak tree densities without any additional regeneration. Region-wide maps indicated that fir and aspen, non-host species for bark beetle species with the most severe effects (i.e., Dendroctonus spp.), will benefit from outbreaks through greater post-outbreak basal areas and higher juvenile densities. After accounting for individual size, height growth rates for all conifer species were more rapid in sites with low winter precipitation and high outbreak severity.</li> <li> Synthesis: In subalpine forests of the US Rocky Mountains, recent outbreaks of three bark beetle species have driven reductions in tree sizes and shifts in species composition. While eventual recovery of the pre-outbreak forest structure is likely in most places, shifts in species composition may persist for decades. Still, forest communities following bark beetle outbreaks are widely variable due to differences in pre-outbreak conditions, outbreak severity, and abiotic gradients. This regional variability has critical implications for ecosystem services and susceptibility to future disturbances.</li> </ol>

The nutritional condition of moose co-varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk, or diet composition

A fundamental question about the ecology of herbivore populations pertains to the relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on nutritional condition. Nutritional condition is influenced in important, yet poorly understood, ways by plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which can adversely affect a herbivore's physiology and energetics. Here we assess the relative influence of various abiotic (weather) and biotic (intraspecific competition, predation risk and diet composition) factors on indicators of nutritional condition and the energetic costs of detoxifying PSMs for the moose population in Isle Royale National Park (U.S.A.). Specifically, we observed interannual variation in the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), an indicator of nutritional restriction, over 29 years and the ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), an indicator of energetic investment, in detoxifying PSMs over 19-years. Both UN:C and GA:C were measured in samples of urine-soaked snow. Most importantly, climatic factors explained 66% of the interannual variation in UN:C, with moose being more nutritionally stressed during winters with deep snow and during winters that followed warm summers. None of the biotic factors (density, predation, diet composition) were useful predictors of UN:C or GA:C. The absence of a relationship between diet composition and either UN:C or GA:C suggests that the nutritional ecology of wild herbivores is probably complicated by fine-scale variation in protein content and concentrations of PSMs amongst plants of the same species. UN:C increased with GA:C at both the individual and population-level. That result is consistent with detoxification being energetically costly, such that it impairs nutritional condition and also highlight show spatio-temporal variation in the intake and detoxification of PSMs may influence population dynamics. Lastly, because we observed interannual variation in nutritional condition over three decades and detoxification over two decades these findings are relevant to concerns about how herbivore populations respond to climate change.