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FIGURE 105 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 105. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Naviculina) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). Question marks concern the dubious status as a member the subgenus of the Arctic species Mycale thaumatochela Lundbeck, 1905.
FIGURE 123 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 123. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, (both anisochelae at same scale), d, isochelae, e, larger sigma, f, smaller sigmas, g, toxas and multispicular toxodragmas, the left one a characteristic 'double' dragma commonly found in the surface region.
FIGURE 104 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 104. Mycale (Naviculina) microxea Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976, fragments of the holotype MNHN DVVL 43, a, habit (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of skeleton and spicules, b, aegogropila-type of ectosomal skeleton, c, detail of b with large sigma and many naviculichelae, d, cluster of isolated microxeas, e–h, SEM images of spicules, e, mycalostyle, e1, details of mycalostyle, f, anisochelae (small naviculichelae) in side view, showing size variation g, sigmas, showing variation of shape and size, h, microxea.
FIGURE 103 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 103. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), SEM images of the spicules, a–f, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II front view, d, anisochela III dorsalside view (anisochela II and III at same scale), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g–i, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste, g, anisochela I, h, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, i, anisochelae III.
FIGURE 102 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 102. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), preserved habitus (a–d) and skeleton (e–f), a, ZMA Por 13894 from Oman (scale bar = 1 cm), b, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), c, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste (scale bar = 1 cm), d, ZMA Por. 08912 from Take Bone Rate, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), e, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 13705 from the Seychelles, f, ditto of choanosomal skeleton.
FIGURE 120 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 120. Mycale (Zygomycale) pectinicola Hentschel, 1911, syntype ZMB 4404, from Shark Bay, W Australia, specimens encrusting both upper (a) and lower (b) valves of Mimachlamys shells (photos N.J. de Voogd).
FIGURE 101 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 101. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 11723, from Rodrigues, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, d, anisochela III (anisochela II and III same scale), e, flagellated sigmas.
FIGURE 127 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 127. SEM images of types of mycalostyles found in Mycale species, a, 'normal' mycalostyle of M. (Ae.) orientalis, ZMA Por. 01612, a1, details of the same, b, blunt ending mycalostyle of M. (M.) grandis, ZMA Por. 11157, b1, detail of the same, c–d, megascleres of M. (O.) klausjanusorum, ZMA Por. 09452, c, large oxeote mycalostyle, c1, detail of the same, d, small oxeote mycalostyle, d1, detail of the same, e, strongylotylote mycalostyle of M. (P.) seychellensis sp.nov., ZMA Por. 12658, e1, detail of the same, f, polyaxone strongylotylote of ZMA Por. 01739, f1, detail of the same, f2, enlarged polyaxone endigs of the same, g, thin mycalostyle with wide axial canal (shadow in figure) of M. (Ar.) aff. tenuispiculata, RMNH Por. 9145, g1, detail of the same, g2, details of trifid-polyaxone heads of mycalostyles of M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, ZMA Por. 19757, h, exotyle of M. (R.) verdensis, ZMA Por. 21304, h1 detail of the same (images h and h1 from Van Soest et al. 2014, Fig. 19d–d1).
FIGURE 129 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 129. SEM images of additional types of microscleres, a–e, sigmas I, a, fat sigma from M. (Ae.) sulevoidea ZMA Por. 01594, b, thin sigma from M. (N.) cleistochela ZMA Por. 08917, c, semicircular sigma from M. (Ar.) imperfecta ZMA Por. 12656, d, serrated sigma from M. (P.) seychellensis sp.nov., e, flagelliform sigma from M. (N.) mascarenensis sp.nov. RMNH Por. 11689, f–h, sigmas II, f, from M. (Ae.) prognatha sp.nov. ZMA Por. 15822, f1, smaller sigma (III?) from the same, g, from M. (M.) grandis red ZMA Por. 11157, h, fat incurved sigma II from M. (M.) sundaminorenis sp.nov. ZMA Por. 01603, i, micracanthoxeas from M. (Z.) pectinicola ZMA Por. 07634, j–o, toxas, j, from M. (Ae.) sulevoidea ZMA Por. 01594, k, various toxas from M. (Ae.) orientalis ZMA Por. 01604, l, various toxas from M. (N.) cleistochela ZMA Por. 08917, m, various toxas and toxodragmas from M. (Ae.) prognatha sp.nov. ZMA Por. 15822, n, from M. (P.) sceptroides sp.nov. ZMA Por. 01739, o, toxodragma and toxa from M. (Z.) sibogae sp.nov. ZMA Por. 02901, p, double toxodragma from M. (K.) humilis ZMA Por. 02905, q, raphidotoxa from M. (C.) tydemani sp.nov. ZMA Por. 02886, r–v, trichodragmas and raphides, r, two size categories of trichodragmas from M. (M.) sundaminorenis sp.nov. ZMA Por. 01603, s, from M. (M.) grandoides sp.nov. ZMA Por. 02904, t, raphide from M. (N.) microxea MNHN DVVL 43, u, three size categories of trichodragmas from M. (M.) dendyi ZMA Por 15216, v, loose trichodragma from M. (C.) tydemani sp.nov. ZMA Por. 02886, w, isochela from M. (Z.) pectinicola ZMA Por. 07634.
FIGURE 126 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 126. Mycale lampra (De Laubenfels, 1954), holotype USNM 23088 from Chuuk Lagoon, Mid Pacific, a, preserved habitus of fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–b1, light microscopic images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, skeletal tracts, b1, detail of surface region, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, overview of spicules showing a variable but single size of sigmas, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, sigma.
FIGURE 122 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 122. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, detail of the same, d, detail of ectosomal skeleton showing irregular intercrossing spicule tracts, a rosette of anisochelae I and a cluster of toxodragmas (arrow).
FIGURE 98 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 98. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), ZMA Por. 12659, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, naviculichelae I from front and side, c, naviculichelae II in various stages of closure (all naviculichelae same scale), d, sigma.
FIGURE 100 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 100. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus and skeleton of holotype RMNH Por. 11689, from Rodrigues, a, on deck, b, detail of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton showing intercrossing spicule tracts and rosettes of anisochelae I, d, details of skeleton with flagellated sigma, rosettes of anisochelae and scattered naviculichelae.
FIGURE 99 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 99. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus in situ, a, holotype RMNH Por. 11689 from Rodrigues, b, paratype RMNH Por. 11723, also from Rodrigues, c, detail of holotype showing punctate surface (photos N.J. de Voogd).
FIGURE 95 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 95. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, ZMA Por. 08917a, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, SEM images of spicules (flagellated sigmas lacking), a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae at same scale), e, normal sigmas Ia (sigmas Ib absent), f, sigma II, g, toxas.
FIGURE 97 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 97. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), habitus and skeleton, a, ZMA Por. 12659, preserved encrustation on oyster shell, from Amirantes, Seychelles, b–c, ZMA Por. 11188, from Aride Island, Seychelles, b, habitus on deck of branched specimen, c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton.
FIGURE 93 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 93. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 1904 in situ, from Bali, Indonesia (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, ditto preserved, c, ZMA Por. 15126 preserved, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).
FIGURE 92 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 92. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Mycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).
FIGURE 91 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 91. Habitus fotos of Mycale specimens collected by the Murray Expedition from the Western Indian Ocean, a, Mycale massa var. oceanica sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Topsent), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., b, Mycale murrayi sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Ridley & Dendy, 1886), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., c, holotype of Mycale topsenti Burton, 1959.
FIGURE 94 in Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 94. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, RMNH Por. 1904 from Bali, Indonesia, skeleton and spicules, a–b, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, aegogropila-type ectosomal skeleton, b, detail of a, showing a.o. flagellated sigmas, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, f, anisochela III (anisochela II and III at same scale), g, flagellated sigma Ib, h, normal sigma Ia, i, sigma II, j, toxas.
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