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FIGURES 28–30 in Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil
FIGURES 28–30. Pasipha liviae Marques & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov., photographs of live specimens in dorsal view: (28) holotype; (29) paratype MZU PL. 00322; (30) paratype MZU PL. 00323. The arrow indicates the ventral surface, which is partially visible in (30). Anterior tip to the left. Bars: 5 mm.
model output of Cumulus convection over land in cloud-resolving simulations with a coupled ray tracer
<p><strong>768_*</strong>: Output of cloud resolving simulations of a diurnal cycle (Augst 15th, 2016) with shallow cumulus clouds over Cabauw, the Netherlands. All simulations are performed with MicroHH, with radiative transfer computed either with a two-stream approximation or with ray tracing. </p> <ul> <li>2s_het: main simulation with two-stream solver</li> <li>2s_hom_sw: two-stream solver, horizontally averaged surface solar radiative fluxes</li> <li>2s_hom_hrsw: two-stream solver, horizontally averaged heating rates</li> <li>rt_het: main simulation with ray tracing, 256 samples per pixel </li> <li>rt_hom_sw: ray tracing, horizontally averaged surface solar radiative fluxes, 256 samples per pixel </li> <li>rt_hom_hrsw: ray tracing, horizontally averaged heating rates, 256 samples per pixel </li> <li>rt_het_128: ray tracing, 128 samples per pixel</li> <li>rt_het:_64 ray tracing, 64 samples per pixel</li> <li>rt_het:_32 ray tracing, 32 samples per pixel</li> </ul>
Preserving the woody plant tree of life in China under future climate and land-cover changes
<p><span>The tree of life (TOL) is severely threatened by climate and land-cover changes. Preserving the TOL is urgent, but has not been included in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biological conservation. However, we know little about the effectiveness of existing PAs in preserving the TOL of plants and how to prioritize PA expansion for better TOL preservation under future climate and land-cover changes. Here, using high-resolution distribution maps of 8732 woody species in China and phylogeny-based Zonation, we find that current PAs perform poorly in preserving the TOL </span><span>both at the present and in the 2070s</span><span>. The geographical coverage of TOL branches by current PAs is ca. 9%, and < 3% of the identified priority areas for preserving the TOL are currently protected. Interestingly, the geographical coverage of TOL branches by PAs will be improved from 9% to 52–79% by the identified priority areas for PA expansion. Human pressures in the identified priority areas are high, leading to high costs for future PA expansion. We thus suggest that besides nature reserves and national parks, other effective area-based conservation measures should be considered. Our study argues for the inclusion of preserving the TOL in the post-2020 conservation framework and provides references for decision-makers </span><span>to preserve the Earth's evolutionary history.</span></p>
Hotspots of gross emissions from the land use sector: patterns, uncertainties, and leading emission sources for the period 2000–2005 in the tropics
<p>According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), emissions must be cut by 41–72 % below 2010 levels by 2050 for a likely chance of containing the global mean temperature increase to 2 °C. The AFOLU sector (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use) contributes roughly a quarter ( ∼  10–12 Pg CO<sub>2</sub>e yr<sup>−1</sup>) of the net anthropogenic GHG emissions mainly from deforestation, fire, wood harvesting, and agricultural emissions including croplands, paddy rice, and livestock. In spite of the importance of this sector, it is unclear where the regions with hotspots of AFOLU emissions are and how uncertain these emissions are. Here we present a novel, spatially comparable dataset containing annual mean estimates of gross AFOLU emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O), associated uncertainties, and leading emission sources, in a spatially disaggregated manner (0.5°) for the tropics for the period 2000–2005. Our data highlight the following: (i) the existence of AFOLU emissions hotspots on all continents, with particular importance of evergreen rainforest deforestation in Central and South America, fire in dry forests in Africa, and both peatland emissions and agriculture in Asia; (ii) a predominant contribution of forests and CO<sub>2</sub> to the total AFOLU emissions (69 %) and to their uncertainties (98 %); (iii) higher gross fluxes from forests, which coincide with higher uncertainties, making agricultural hotspots appealing for effective mitigation action; and (iv) a lower contribution of non-CO<sub>2</sub> agricultural emissions to the total gross emissions (ca. 25 %), with livestock (15.5 %) and rice (7 %) leading the emissions. Gross AFOLU tropical emissions of 8.0 (5.5–12.2) were in the range of other databases (8.4 and 8.0 Pg CO<sub>2</sub>e yr<sup>−1</sup> in FAOSTAT and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) respectively), but we offer a spatially detailed benchmark for monitoring progress in reducing emissions from the land sector in the tropics. The location of the AFOLU hotspots of emissions and data on their associated uncertainties will assist national policy makers, investors, and other decision-makers who seek to understand the mitigation potential of the AFOLU sector.</p>
Figure 24 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 24. Genitalia of Elatonitor suturalis. a, c-d) AM C.524931, Wooroonooran NP. b) QM MO76507, Babinda. a) Reproductive system. b) Spermatophore. c) Penis interior. d) Details of the basal reproductive system. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 22 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 22. Shells of Elatonitor. a) Elatonitor montanus, QM MO48601 (holotype). b) Elatonitor suturalis, NHRM 940 (paralectotype). Scale bar: 10 mm.
Figure 19 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 19. Genitalia of Pravonitor monteithi. a) QM MO48669, Isley Hills. Reproductive system. b-c) QM MO48203, Lamb's Head. b) Spermatophore. c) Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 18 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 18. Genitalia of Pravonitor kreffti, QM MO86003 (neotype), Thursday Island. a) Reproductive system. b) Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 17 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 17. Genitalia of Pravonitor ferrugineus, QM MO21506, Heathlands. a) Reproductive system. b) Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 16 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 16. Genitalia of Pravonitor aquilonia. a, f) QM MO24773, Mt Lewis. b-e) AM C.533529, Cape Tribulation. a) Reproductive system. b) Spermatophore. c) Penis with tunica opened. d) base of reproductive system. e) Penis interior. f) Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 13 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 13. Genitalia of Geminitor wenlockensis, QM MO86000 (holotype), Wenlock River. a) Reproductive system. b) Penis interior. Arrows mark the boundaries of the upper penial chamber. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 10 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 10. Genitalia of Geminitor villaris. a). QM MO20887, Mt Cook. Reproductive system. b). AM C.553564, Mt Cook. Penis interior. c). QM MO20887, Mt Cook. Spermatophore. d-f). QM MO21256, Starcke. d). Reproductive system. e). Spermatophore. f). Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 11 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 11. Genitalia of Geminitor kullaensis, QM MO61687, Coen. a) Reproductive system. b) Penis interior. Arrows mark the boundaries of the upper penial chamber. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 9 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 9. Genitalia of Geminitor laura, AM C.553551, Black Mountain. a). Reproductive system. b). Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 12 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 12. Genitalia of Geminitor macveae. a, b) QM MO85999 (holotype), Rifle Creek. a) Reproductive system. b) Penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 8. Live animal images. a in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 8. Live animal images. a). Geminitor laura, Black Mountain. b). Geminitor villaris. c). Pravonitor aquilonia, AM C.524931, Bellenden Ker. d). Pravonitor aquilonia, Cape Tribulation. e). Pravonitor aquilonia, AM C.524981, Mossman Gorge. f). Elatonitor suturalis, Wooroonooran NP. Images not to scale. Photographs by Adnan Moussalli (a, d, f), Frank Köhler (c, e) and Queensland Museum (b).
Figure 7. Shell microsculpture. a–c in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 7. Shell microsculpture. a–c). Geminitor laura, AM C.553551, Black Mountain. d–f). Pravonitor aquilonia, AM C.553561, SE of Malanda. g–i). Elatonitor suturalis, QM MO76507, NE of Babinda. Scale bars: b, e, h = 200 µm; a, c, d, f, g, i = 500 µm. Photographs by Sue Lindsay.
Figure 6 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 6. Shells of Geminitor. a) Geminitor laura, AM C.474954, Lakeland Downs. b) Geminitor villaris, QM MO20887, Mt Cook. c) Geminitor villaris, QM MO21256, Starcke. d) Geminitor kullaensis, QM MO30875, McIlwraith Range. e) Geminitor macveae, QM MO20694 (paratype). f) Geminitor wenlockensis, QM MO86000 (H), Wenlock River. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photographs by F. Köhler ((a-b), d, f), J. Caiza (c), and G. Thompson (e).
Figure 4 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 4. Distribution map. Grey symbols: Geminitor. Blue symbols: Pravonitor. Red symbols: Elatonitor. Biogeographic barriers are marked in black; A = Normanby Basin, B = Black Mountain Corridor, and C = Atherton Tableland.
Figure 2 in Homoplasy in shells discombobulated the taxonomy: revision of the larger helicarionid land snails of northern Queensland, Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)
Figure 2. Majority-rule consensus tree based on Bayesian analysis of the concatenated data set of fragments of the mitochondrial genes 16S and COI. Ambiguous alignment sites in 16S removed using MAFFT. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probabilities. Scale bar indicates 7% of modelled sequence divergence. Individual samples are named as per their initial identification; genus and species names for a clade are based on the final taxonomic decisions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.