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FIGURE. 55–58 in The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species
FIGURE. 55–58. Muscidae species habitus: 55) Limnophora rufimana (Strobl, 1893), Male; 56). Lispe bengalensis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1930), Male; 57) Lispe cilitarsis Loew, 1856, Female; 58) Lispe dichaeta Stein, 1913, Male.
FIGURE. 71–74 in The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species
FIGURE. 71–74. Muscidae species habitus: 71) Coenosia punctigera Stein, 1918, Female; 72) Coenosia simulans (Paterson, 1956), Female; 73). Lispocephala mikii (Strobl, 1893), Female; 74) Pygophora immaculipennis Frey, 1917, Female.
FIGURE. 59–62 in The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species
FIGURE. 59–62. Muscidae species habitus: 59) Lispe flavicornis Stein, 1909, Female; 60) Lispe kowarzi Becker, 1903, Male; 61) Lispe nana Macquart, 1835, Male; 62) Lispe pectinipes Becker, 1903, Female.
FIGURE 5 in Freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil: an annotated list, with comments on biogeographic patterns, threats, and future perspectives
FIGURE 5. Cumulative number of lots of fish collected by state (marine lots included). The dashed line represents the approximate collection year of the first lots deposited in the state's main freshwater fish collections, especially MZUEL and NUP. State abbreviations: PR, Paraná; SP, São Paulo; RS, Rio Grande do Sul; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul.
FIGURE 4 in Freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil: an annotated list, with comments on biogeographic patterns, threats, and future perspectives
FIGURE 4. Cumulative descriptions of the native freshwater fish species from Paraná State (blue line), species occurring naturally in the Paraná State, but originally described from São Paulo State (SP; green line) and species originally described from Paraná State (PR; red line). 1 = early descriptions of species from the upper rio Iguaçu basin (Haseman, 1911); 2 = foundation of main freshwater fish collections from Paraná State, especially MZUEL and NUP.
FIGURE 3 in Freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil: an annotated list, with comments on biogeographic patterns, threats, and future perspectives
FIGURE 3. Number of species in the richest families of each order of the freshwater ichthyofauna from Paraná State, Brazil. Colors indicate orders.
FIGURE 1 in Freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil: an annotated list, with comments on biogeographic patterns, threats, and future perspectives
FIGURE 1. Partial map of South America, with the Brazilian states outlined in black (Paraná State filled with blue). A) Map of Paraná State highlighting the ecoregions and sub-ecoregions. B) Sampling localities used to compile the list of the Paraná State freshwater fish species (red points). Each red point can represent more than one sampling site. Green bar = Sete Quedas waterfalls (currently submerged under the Itaipu Reservoir); black bar = Itaipu dam; blue bar = Iguaçu waterfalls.
FIGURES 9–16 in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 9–16. Head and pronotum of Astrothrips species. (9) aucubae; (10) globiceps; (11) chisinliaoensis (12) strasseni; (13) tumiceps; (14) Pronotum of glanduculus (variant); (15) glanduculus; (16) asiaticus.
FIGURES 1–8. Astrothrips species. 1–4 A in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Astrothrips species. 1–4 A. glanduculus sp.n (1) Female; (2) Male; (3) Abdominal tergites VII–X of male; (4) Abdominal sternites V–VII of male. 5–6 globiceps. (5) Abdominal sternites IV–VII of male; (6) Abdominal tergites VIII–X of female; (7) Abdominal tergites VIII–X of chisinliaoensis; (8) Abdominal tergites VI–VII of glanduculus.
FIGURES 17–26. Astrothrips species. 17–18, 20–22 in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 17–26. Astrothrips species. 17–18, 20–22. Meso-metanotum of Astrothrips species (17) strasseni; (18) chisinliaoensis; (19) Antennae of aucubae; (20) aucubae; (21) tumiceps; (22) glanduculus; (23) Fore wing of glanduculus; 24–26 Antennae of Astrothrips species (24) glanduculus; (25) chisinliaoensis; (26) strasseni.
Appendix 2 to "The Status of Biological Invasions and their Management in South Africa in 2019"—the species list
<p>For more details see: http://iasreport.sanbi.org.za</p> <p>SANBI and CIB 2020. Appendix 2 to "The Status of Biological Invasions and their Management in South Africa in 2019"—the species list. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3947659</p>
Data from: The influence of data resolution on predicted distribution and estimates of extent of current protection of three 'listed' deep-sea habitats
Modelling approaches have the potential to significantly contribute to the spatial management of the deep-sea ecosystem in a cost effective manner. However, we currently have little understanding of the accuracy of such models, developed using limited data, of varying resolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of predictive models constructed using non-simulated (real world) data of different resolution. Predicted distribution maps for three deep-sea habitats were constructed using MaxEnt modelling methods using high resolution multibeam bathymetric data and associated terrain derived variables as predictors. Model performance was evaluated using repeated 75/25 training/test data partitions using AUC and threshold-dependent assessment methods. The overall extent and distribution of each habitat, and the percentage contained within an existing MPA network were quantified and compared to results from low resolution GEBCO models. Predicted spatial extent for scleractinian coral reef and Syringammina fragilissima aggregations decreased with an increase in model resolution, whereas Pheronema carpenteri total suitable area increased. Distinct differences in predicted habitat distribution were observed for all three habitats. Estimates of habitat extent contained within the MPA network all increased when modelled at fine scale. High resolution models performed better than low resolution models according to threshold-dependent evaluation. We recommend the use of high resolution multibeam bathymetry data over low resolution bathymetry data for use in modelling approaches. We do not recommend the use of predictive models to produce absolute values of habitat extent, but likely areas of suitable habitat. Assessments of MPA network effectiveness based on calculations of percentage area protection (policy driven conservation targets) from low resolution models are likely to be fit for purpose.
Data from: Taxa, petitioning agency, and lawsuits affect time spent awaiting listing under the US Endangered Species Act
The United States' Endangered Species Act (ESA) is the world's foremost law for protecting species at risk of extinction; however, species must first be listed as threatened or endangered before receiving protection under the Act. We used an information theoretic approach to assess whether listing budget, policy phase (which was correlated with presidential administration), or both factors were associated with the number of species listed annually between 1983 and 2014. Annual listing rates were positively affected by larger listing budgets; policy phase also had a significant impact on annual listing rates after accounting for the effects of budget. However, the listing process for any one species spans multiple years, thus we also evaluated how taxonomic affiliation, the initiating organization, and lawsuits affected the amount of time 1338 listed species spent in review between 1973 and 2014. Species waited a median of 12.1 years to receive protection, with plants and invertebrates experiencing longer wait times than vertebrates. These process times exceed ESA deadlines, which are two years when initiated from a third party; this may perpetuate population declines and hinder recovery efforts. We observed that at the time of a lawsuit filling for either a proposed or final rule, species had waited, respectively, 4.19 and 0.70 years longer than species for which no lawsuits were filed, indicating lawsuits targeted species that experienced longer delays. We discuss how changes in ESA implementation over time interacted to produce high variability and often long wait times in the listing process. Our results indicated a positive role for both citizen petitions and budget increases to advance the listing process, thus hastening biodiversity protection.
Data from: Persistence of distinctive morphotypes in the native range of the CITES-listed Aldabra giant tortoise
Understanding the extent of morphological variation in the wild population of Aldabra giant tortoises is important for conservation, as morphological variation in captive populations has been interpreted as evidence for lingering genes from extinct tortoise lineages. If true, this could impact reintroduction programmes in the region. The population of giant tortoises on Aldabra Atoll is subdivided and distributed around several islands. Although pronounced morphological variation was recorded in the late 1960s, it was thought to be a temporary phenomenon. Early researchers also raised concerns over the future of the population, which was perceived to have exceeded its carrying capacity. We analyzed monthly monitoring data from 12 transects spanning a recent 15-year period (1998–2012) during which animals from four subpopulations were counted, measured, and sexed. In addition, we analyzed survival data from individuals first tagged during the early 1970s. The population is stable with no sign of significant decline. Subpopulations differ in density, but these differences are mostly due to differences in the prevailing vegetation type. However, subpopulations differ greatly in both the size of animals and the degree of sexual dimorphism. Comparisons with historical data reveal that phenotypic differences among the subpopulations of tortoises on Aldabra have been apparent for the last 50 years with no sign of diminishing. We conclude that the giant tortoise population on Aldabra is subject to varying ecological selection pressures, giving rise to stable morphotypes in discrete subpopulations. We suggest therefore that (1) the presence of morphological differences among captive Aldabra tortoises does not alone provide convincing evidence of genes from other extinct species; and (2) Aldabra serves as an important example of how conservation and management in situ can add to the scientific value of populations and perhaps enable them to better adapt to future ecological pressures.
Data from: A prioritised list of invasive alien species to assist the effective implementation of EU legislation
1. Effective prevention and control of invasive species generally relies on a comprehensive, coherent and representative list of species that enables resources to be used optimally. European Union (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species (IAS) aims to control or eradicate priority species, and to manage pathways to prevent the introduction and establishment of new IAS; it applies to species considered of Union concern and subject to formal risk assessment. So far, 49 species have been listed but the criteria for selecting species for risk assessment have not been disclosed and were probably unsystematic. 2. We developed a simple method to systematically rank invasive alien species according to their maximum potential threat to biodiversity in the EU. We identified 1323 species as potential candidates for listing, and evaluated them against their invasion stages and reported impacts, using information from databases and scientific literature. 3. 900 species fitted the criteria for listing according to IAS Regulation. We prioritised 207 species for urgent risk assessment, 59 by 2018 and 148 by 2020, based on their potential to permanently damage native species or ecosystems; another 336 species were identified for a second phase (by 2025), to prevent or reverse their profound impacts on biodiversity; and a further 357 species for assessment by 2030. 4. Policy implications. We propose a systematic, proactive approach to selecting and prioritising invasive alien species for risk assessment to assist European Union policy implementation. We assess an unprecedented number of species with potential to harm EU biodiversity using simple methodology that we developed, and recommend which species should be considered for risk assessment in a ranked order of priority along the timeline 2018-2030, based on their maximum reported impact and their invasion history in Europe.
Data from: Increased accuracy of species lists developed for alpine lakes using morphology and cytochrome oxidase I for identification of specimens
The first step in many community ecology studies is to produce a species list from a sample of individuals. Community ecologists now have two viable ways of producing a species list: morphological and barcode identification. In this study, we compared the taxonomic resolution gained by a combined use of both methods and tested whether a change in taxonomic resolution significantly impacted richness estimates for benthic macroinvertebrates sampled from ten lakes in Sequoia National Park, USA. Across all lakes, 77 unique taxa were identified and 42% (32) were reliably identified to species using both barcode and morphological identification. Of the 32 identified to species, 63% (20) were identified solely by comparing the barcode sequence from cytochrome oxidase I to the Barcode of Life reference library. The increased resolution using a combined identification approach compared to identifications based solely on morphology resulted in a significant increase in estimated richness within a lake at the order, family, genus and species levels of taxonomy (P < 0.05). Additionally, young or damaged individuals that could not be identified using morphology were identified using their COI sequences to the genus or species level on average 75% of the time. Our results demonstrate that a combined identification approach improves accuracy of benthic macroinvertebrate species lists in alpine lakes and subsequent estimates of richness. We encourage the use of barcodes for identification purposes and specifically when morphology is insufficient, as in the case of damaged and early life stage specimens of benthic macroinvertebrates.
Data from: Species' traits explain differences in Red list status and long-term population trends in longhorn beetles
Some species are more likely to go extinct than others and this is partially due to species' traits. Therefore, it is important to establish links between traits and extinction risks. Different aspects of a species' biology also relates to different sources of threat, such as fragmented populations or low population growth rate. In a comparative study of Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we related species' traits to two aspects of extinction risk – population decline and small/fragmented populations – measured by long-term population trends and IUCN Red list classifications. Trait relationships were analysed with generalized linear models and multi-model inference. We found that extinction risk generally increased with longer generation times, corresponding to slower life histories. Adult activity period was also related to both metrics of extinction risk, but in different ways. We also found that extinction risk increased with larval host plant specialization, but only for Red list classification. Large body size was related to increased Red list classification in species overwintering as adults, and overwintering stage also structured the effects of several other traits. Our results show that both intrinsic demographic traits and ecological traits affect extinction risks, and also suggest that risks are shaped by multiple mechanisms. Therefore, researchers should carefully choose their metric of extinction risk for comparative studies, as the Red list classification may best capture current risk, whereas population trends can be used more proactively but may reflect historical relationships between traits and extinction risk.
Data from: Remotely sensed data informs red list evaluations and conservation priorities in southeast Asia
The IUCN Red List has assessed the global distributions of the majority of the world's amphibians, birds and mammals. Yet these assessments lack explicit reference to widely available, remotely-sensed data that can sensibly inform a species' risk of extinction. Our first goal is to add additional quantitative data to the existing standardised process that IUCN employs. Secondly, we ask: do our results suggest species of concern—those at considerably greater risk than hitherto appreciated? Thirdly, these assessments are not only important on a species-by-species basis. By combining distributions of species of concern, we map conservation priorities. We ask to what degree these areas are currently protected and how might knowledge from remote sensing modify the priorities? Finally, we develop a quick and simple method to identify and modify the priority setting in a landscape where natural habitats are disappearing rapidly and so where conventional species' assessments might be too slow to respond. Tropical, mainland Southeast Asia is under exceptional threat, yet relatively poorly known. Here, additional quantitative measures may be particularly helpful. This region contains over 122, 183, and 214 endemic mammals, birds, and amphibians, respectively, of which the IUCN considers 37, 21, and 37 threatened. When corrected for the amount of remaining natural habitats within the known elevation preferences of species, the average sizes of species ranges shrink to <40% of their published ranges. Some 79 mammal, 49 bird, and 184 amphibian ranges are <20,000km2—an area at which IUCN considers most other species to be threatened. Moreover, these species are not better protected by the existing network of protected areas than are species that IUCN accepts as threatened. Simply, there appear to be considerably more species at risk than hitherto appreciated. Furthermore, incorporating remote sensing data showing where habitat loss is prevalent changes the locations of conservation priorities.
Lit. Liste Mediation an Schulen
<p>Literaturangaben zum Thema Mediation an Schulen</p>
FIGURE 1 in A list of the fleas (Siphonaptera) of Mexico with new host and distribution records
FIGURE 1. The States of Mexico in wich there are records of eleven or fewer species of fleas. (Ags=Aguascalientes, BC=Baja California, BCS=Baja California Sur, Cam=Campeche, Col=Colima, Gto.=Guanajuato, Nay=Nayarit, QR=Quintana Roo, Sin=Sinaloa, SLP=San Luis Potosi, Son=Sonora, Tab=Tabasco, Tam=Tamaulipas, Tlx=Tlaxcala, Yuc=Yucatan, Zac=Zacatecas).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.