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Present status, future trends, and control strategies of invasive alien plants in China affected by human activities and climate change
<p>Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have serious environmental and economic impacts, especially in vulnerable areas of China. However, IAP richness distribution patterns, their driving factors, and the dynamic shifts in potential distribution areas remain elusive. We assessed IAP richness distribution patterns and drivers using 402 IAPs recorded in China at 88,926 occurrence points, and then predicted their potential distribution areas. The results show that IAP hotspots were mainly located in southeastern China, especially coastal areas of the South and East and large inland cities. Population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and four climate variables associated with precipitation and temperature jointly influenced the richness distribution pattern of all IAPs. Specifically, population density and GDP impacted the richness distribution pattern of narrow-range IAPs, and population density, GDP, distance to the nearest national highway, and five climate variables affected the richness distribution pattern of widespread IAPs. Only GDP contributed significantly to the richness distribution pattern of the top 5% hotspot grid cells, whereas population density, GDP, and precipitation in the driest month (BIO14) significantly influenced the richness distribution patterns of hotspots for both the top 10% and top 20%. Prediction analysis demonstrated that southeastern China would have a particularly high invasion risk under both current and future climate scenarios. Regions with increases in predicted species richness are more common (44.83%–64.97%) than those with decreases, except under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Climate change will contribute greatly to the expansion of potential IAP distribution areas under both optimistic (RCP 2.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5). The results of this study provide insights into the priority management of IAPs through developing promising strategies for the control and prevention of IAP invasion.</p>
UM ALIEN NO SERTÃO (Stop motion)
<p>An adorable alien lands on planet Earth, and he makes an unlikely friendship during his visit. Together, the new friends embark on a new adventure and explore the backlands of northeastern Brazil.</p><p> </p><p>A stop-motion movie.</p>
Artificial night-time lighting and nutrient enrichment synergistically favour the growth of alien ornamental plant species over co-occurring native plant species
<ol> <li>Insights into ecological drivers of alien plant invasions can be gained through comparative studies of growth and fecundity of invasive alien plants versus those of co-occurring non-invasive alien plants and native plants across environmental conditions in common garden settings. Habitats that harbour alien plant species in many ecosystems globally are presently experiencing light pollution resulting from artificial light at night (ALAN) and increased rates of nutrient enrichment of the soil. However, the potential interactive effects of ALAN and nutrient enrichment on invasiveness of alien plant species remain unknown.</li> <li>Here, we performed a common-garden experiment to test the interactive effects of ALAN and soil nutrient enrichment on the growth of a random set of 10 alien (five invasive and five naturalized) and seven co-occurring native ornamental plant species that are commonly cultivated within urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi city in Kenya. We predicted that a simultaneous increase in photoperiod via ALAN and nutrient enrichment will favor growth of invasive alien plant species over that of non-invasive alien and native plant species. We grew the 17 plant species under natural daylight (ALAN-) vs natural daylight followed by ALAN (ALAN+) and fully crossed with two levels of nutrient enrichment (low vs high) and competition (competition vs no-competition against a native plant <em>Ocimum</em> <em>gratissimum</em>) treatments.</li> <li>Under simultaneous high-nutrient and no-competition treatments, ALAN enhanced mean total biomass of invasive and naturalized alien species by 61.1% and 131.4%, respectively but decreased that of native plant species by 34%. In contrast, under simultaneous high-nutrient and competition treatments, ALAN enhanced mean total biomass of invasive alien plant species by 68.6% and that of naturalized alien species by 51.9% and native species by 35.4%. High-nutrient treatment enhanced flower formation more strongly in invasive and naturalized alien plants than in native plants. The invasive and naturalized alien species grew taller than native species across the light, nutrient, and competition treatments.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: The present findings suggest that light pollution and nutrient enrichment may jointly confer growth advantage to invasive alien plant species over that of co-occurring native plant species and enhance invasiveness of alien plant species.</li> </ol>
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 1. Figures, tables and captions
<p>Figures, tables and captions from Chapter 1: Introducing biological invasions and the IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 2. Figures, tables, captions and data management reports
<p>This folder contains the figures and tables included in Chapter 2 of the IPBES Invasive Alien Species and their Control Assessment Report. Each figure is provided in pdf and svg format. In addition, the R scripts and the data sets required to generate the figures are provided as well.</p><p>The figures and tables showing information about alien species numbers or distributions are all based on two data sets, which are stored on Zenodo folders. One data set contains the records of alien species per region worldwide (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554428) and the workflow including R scripts have been published (https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53578). This data set is called the 'chapter database'. Version 2.4.1 of this data set was used to extract the numbers shown in figures and tables of this chapter. The second data set (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458083) contains coordinates of alien species occurrences worldwide and the workflow including R scripts have also been published elsewhere (https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.81082). Version 1.0.1 of this data set was used here.</p><p>The folder also contains the data management reports for the generation of the chapter database and figures.</p>
Invasion risk of the currently cultivated alien flora in Southern Africa is predicted to decline under climate change
<p>Alien species can have massive impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human livelihoods. Assessing which species from currently cultivated alien floras may escape into the wild and naturalize is essential for efficient and proactive ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Climate change has already promoted the naturalization of many alien plants in temperate regions, but whether it is similar in (sub)tropical areas is insufficiently known. In this study, we used species distribution models for 1,527 cultivated alien plants to evaluate current and future invasion risks across different biomes and 10 countries in southern Africa. Our results confirm that the area of suitable climate is a strong predictor of naturalization success among the cultivated alien flora. In contrast to previous findings from temperate regions, however, climatic suitability is generally predicted to decrease for potential aliens across our (sub)tropical study region. While increasingly hotter and drier conditions are likely to drive declines in suitability for potential aliens across most biomes of southern Africa, in some the number of potential invaders is predicted to increase under moderate climate change scenarios (e.g., in dry broadleaf forests and flooded grasslands). We found that climatic suitability is expected to decline less for aliens originating from continents with the tropical biome or from the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we found that the climatically suitable area will decline less for aliens that have already naturalized in the region. While the number of potential invaders may decrease across southern Africa under future climate change, our results suggest that already naturalized aliens will continue to threaten native species and ecosystems.</p>
Figure 2 in Morphology, morpho-taxometric and molecular characterization of the invasive alien species Caribbean leatherleaf slug Sarasinula plebeia (Gastropoda: Veronicellidae): a first record in southern Philippines
Figure 2. Sarasinula plebeia isolate LDZS morphological characters as indicated by arrows of the ventral region (A); hyponotum (red), narrow foot running from anterior to posterior end (orange); dorsal region (B) showing the notum (green), perinotum (yellow), and a pair of ocular tentacles (blue).
Figure 1 in Morphology, morpho-taxometric and molecular characterization of the invasive alien species Caribbean leatherleaf slug Sarasinula plebeia (Gastropoda: Veronicellidae): a first record in southern Philippines
Figure 1. Map showing the sampling site (blue dot) in the selected area for terrestrial slug in La Dicha, Malangas, Zamboanga, Sibugay, southern Philippines.
Figure 3 in Morphology, morpho-taxometric and molecular characterization of the invasive alien species Caribbean leatherleaf slug Sarasinula plebeia (Gastropoda: Veronicellidae): a first record in southern Philippines
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Sarasinula plebeia isolate LDZS (bold) and related sequences inferred by the COI sequences through Bayesian analysis using GTR+I+G model showed a strong relation with posterior probability value of 1. Position of S. plebeia (JQ582279, JQ582278, JQ582277) also showed strong relation with L. alte (PP value of 1). Scale bar represents the estimated substitution per site.
Alien plant species are precursors for invasion: a case study of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze in Ile-Ife (Nigeria)
<p>The impact of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> on vegetation and soil seed bank was assessed in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Ten sample plots, 10 m x 10 m each, were established in invaded plant communities with high density of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> and adjacent uninvaded plant communities where the weed species has low density. In each sample plot, twenty 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly laid and all rooted plant species were identified and counted. Post-dispersal soil seed bank was collected by randomly taking five core samples of top soil per sample plot to estimate the soil seed bank density and floristics of the sites. The species composition of soil seed bank was compared with that of the above-ground vegetation so as to assess the invader's impact on the vegetation using Sorensen's index of similarity. The results showed that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> invasion significantly impacted on the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.27; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.0003) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 4.50; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00005) in the aboveground vegetation, and the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.37; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00004) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 6.19; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> < 0.0001) in the soil seed bank. This study concluded that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> has significantly caused alterations in key parameters of the aboveground vegetation and those of the soil seed bank. It is likely that with increasing resident time, these alterations might increase more significantly to enhance the spread of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em>.</p>
FIG. 1 in Demographic and spatial structure at the stage of expansion in the populations of some alien land snails in Belgorod city (Central Russian Upland)
FIG. 1. Map of study sites. РИС. 1. Карта раЗмеЩения исследуемых участков.
Inter- and intraspecific selection in alien plants: how population growth, functional traits and climate responses change with residence time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>When alien species are introduced to new ranges, climate or trait mismatches may initially constrain their population growth. However, inter- and intraspecific selection in the new environment should cause population growth rates to increase with residence time. Using a species-for-time approach, we test whether with increasing residence time (a) negative effects of climatic mismatches between the species' new and native range on population growth weaken, and (b) functional traits converge towards values that maximize population growth in the new range.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Germany.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>12,000 years BP to present.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>46 plant species of the Asteraceae family.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We set up a common-garden mesocosm-experiment using annual plant species with a wide range of residence times (7-12,000 years) and followed their population dynamics over two years. We calculated climatic distance between the common garden and the species' native range. We also measured key functional traits of each species to analyse trait-demography relationships and test trait convergence with increasing residence time.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no support for the hypothesis that negative effects of climatic mismatches on population growth weaken with residence time. However, seed mass had a clear negative effect on population growth. As expected under such strong directional selection between or within species, increasing residence time led seed mass to converge to low values that increase population growth. Accordingly, population growth tended to increase with residence time.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>We identify trait but not climatic mismatches as important constraints on population growth of invaders. Understanding how inter- and intraspecific selection shapes functional traits of alien species should improve the predictability of future invasions and help understanding limits to the population growth and spread of invaders already present. In a broader context, this study contributes to the conceptual integration of invasion biology with community, functional, and population ecology.</p>
EWINA_RICH : a database of EarthWorm native and alien species richness accross North America
<p><strong>EWINA_RICH</strong> gathers data on observed and predicted native and alien species richness of earthworms species across geographical units of North America (Mexico, US and Canada), based on data from 1850 to 2021.</p><p>Please refer to the published paper for the details about the process to produce the predictions and the general interpretation of the results.</p><p>Data are given at two distinct spatial resolutions</p><blockquote><p><strong>- Data at the resolution of counties or equivalent</strong></p><ul><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_counties.geojson">EWINA_counties.geojson: </a>Spatial layer of all counties or alike geographical units, with environmental covariates. Used to map geographical units and to predict RASR.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_2000_counties_obs.csv">EWINA_2000_counties_obs.csv</a>: Observed earthworm species richness and RASR (Relative Alien Species Richness) in the geographical units with earthworm data, since year 2000, together with the environmtal covariates.(Coverage based estimates, used in the paper, will be released soon, feel free to reach out if you need them).</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_2000_counties_pred.csv">EWINA_2000_counties_pred.csv</a>: Predicted earthworm RASR (Relative Alien Species Richness) and its uncertainty, in all counties or equivalent, based on a model fitted on data after the year 2000.</li></ul><p><strong>- Data at the resolution of TDWG4 geographical units (≈ states)</strong></p><p>see <a href="https://www.tdwg.org/">the Biodiversity Information Facility Website</a> for more info about the definition of TDWG4 geographical units</p><ul><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_TDWG4_aboveground.geojson">EWINA_TDWG4_aboveground.geojson</a><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_counties.geojson">: </a>Spatial layer of TDWG4 geographical units, with above ground alien taxa richness from Dawson 2017 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0186">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0186</a>.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/61402820-f567-48fb-b030-2353b156a676/EWINA_TDWG4_earthworms.csv">EWINA_TDWG4_earthworms_YYYY.csv:</a> Observed earthworm native and exotic species richness in the TDWG4 units, data cumulated from 1850 to YYYY.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dea6f9e3-c6b3-488a-85ea-a9c6d63799c4/EWINA_TDWG4_fun.csv">EWINA_TDWG4_fun.csv</a>: Observed native and alien earthworm species functionnal role in the TDWG4 units, data cumulated from 1850 to 2021.</li></ul></blockquote><p>All data files are provided with a readme file that explains the meaning of the variables.</p><p>Scripts to use the data are stored on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming">https://github.com/JeromeMathieuEcology/GlobalWorming</a></p>
Floral visitation to alien plants is non-linearly related to their phylogenetic and floral similarity to native plants
<p>Biological invasions are key to understanding ecological processes that determine the formation of novel interactions. Alien species can negatively impact floral visitation to native species, but native species may also facilitate early establishment of closely related alien species by providing a preadapted pollinator community. We tested whether floral visitation to alien species depended on phylogenetic relatedness and floral similarity to native species. In a field experiment, we simulated the early stages of an invasion by adding potted alien plants into co-flowering native communities. We paired each alien plant with a host native plant, and recorded floral visitation to them for 3,068 hours (totalling 84,814 visits). We used 34 alien and 20 native species in 151 species combinations. We tested whether the number of floral visits to alien plants, the proportion of visits to alien plant relative to visits to both alien and native plants, and the similarity in flower visitor compositions of alien and native plants depended on phylogenetic and floral trait distances between alien and native species. Floral visitation to alien species was highest when they had intermediate floral trait distances to native species, and either low or high phylogenetic distances. Alien species received more similar flower-visitor groups to natives when they had low phylogenetic and either low or high floral trait distances to native species. Co-flowering native species may facilitate floral visitation to closely related alien species, and distantly related alien plants seem to avoid competition for flower visitors with native plants. Alien species with similar floral traits to natives compete with them for flower visitors, and alien species with dissimilar floral traits may not share flower visitors with native species. Alien species with intermediate floral trait distances to natives are most likely to receive flower visitors, as they are not too dissimilar and may still share flower visitors with native species, but not too similar to compete for flower visitors with them. The non-linear patterns between floral visitation and similarity of the alien and native species suggest that an interplay of facilitation and competition simultaneously drives the formation of novel plant-pollinator interactions.</p>
Clonal functional traits favor the invasive success of alien plants into native communities
<p><span>Functional traits are frequently proposed to determine the invasiveness of alien species. However, few empirical studies have directly manipulated functional traits and tested their importance in the invasion success of alien species into native plant communities, particularly under global change. We manipulated clonal integration (a key clonal functional trait) of four alien clonal plants by severing inter-ramet connections or keeping them intact, and simulated their invasion into native plant communities with two levels of species diversity, population density and nutrient availability</span><span>. High community diversity and density impeded the invasion success of the alien clonal plants. Clonal integration of the alien plants promoted their invasion success, particularly in the low-density communities associated with low species diversity or nutrient addition, which resulted in a negative correlation between performance of alien plants and native communities, as expected under global change. Thus, clonal integration can favor the invasion success of alien clonal plants into degraded resident communities with </span><span>a high degree of disturbance</span><span> and eutrophication. Our findings confirm the role of clonal</span><span> functional traits in facilitating alien plant invasions into native plant communities, and suggest that </span><span>clonal functional traits should be considered to efficiently restore degraded communities heavily invaded by alien clonal plants.</span></p>
Do alternative resources dampen functional responses of native but not alien gammarids?
<p>While aquatic invasive predators are among the most impactful trophic groups, we lack understanding of whether alternative food resources mediate adverse predatory effects and stabilise native prey communities. Here, we use comparative functional responses to examine the influence of alternative food resources (Fucus sp.) on predator-prey interaction strengths from three gammarid crustaceans, with one native (<em>Gammarus locusta</em>) and two existing and emerging invasive (<em>Gammarus tigrinus, Pontogammarus maeoticus</em>, respectively) species, towards larval chironomid prey. All gammarids exhibited Type II functional responses, irrespective of the presence of alternative seaweed disks. <em>Fucus </em>sp. disks significantly reduced predation rates overall, however, significant reductions in maximum feeding rates (i.e. functional response magnitudes) were only evident in the native species and not for the two invaders. Our results thus may suggest that alternative resources dampen the predatory interaction strength of native but not invasive alien species, concerning these three study organisms. This potentially exacerbates impacts of invasive predators relative to natives in diverse communities. Studies should increasingly consider alternative resources when quantifying ecological impacts of current and future invasive alien species compared to natives.</p>
Data and scripts from: Replacement drives native β-diversity of British avifauna, while richness differences shape alien β-diversity
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We explored the range shifts of alien and native birds, the responses of alien and native β-diversity to abiotic factors, and the effect of native diversity on alien β-diversity in two time periods.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Great Britain.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>1968–1972, 2007–2011.</p> <p><strong>Taxa studied:</strong> Breeding birds.</p> <p>Methods: We estimated range shifts of alien and native species between the periods 1968–1972 and 2007–2011. Following, β-diversity of alien and native communities was estimated by Jaccard pairwise index (β<sub>tot</sub>) and partitioned into richness difference and replacement component for each period. We built abiotic Generalized Dissimilarity Models including abiotic factors for alien and native β<sub>tot</sub> and their components and a biotic model for aliens including native taxonomic and functional diversity as predictors.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Most alien and half native species expanded into new regions during the 40-year period. The native species range shifts did not exhibit a clear pattern along the longitudinal or latitudinal gradient, while alien species tended to move north-westwards. The richness difference was the dominant component of alien β-diversity, and the replacement component contributed mostly to native β-diversity. Alien β-diversity responded similarly, but less strongly than native β-diversity, to the abiotic gradients. Temperature-related variables, distance, and precipitation were the most important abiotic drivers of native and alien β-diversity. The biotic model of alien <span>β</span>-diversity explained more deviance than the abiotic model.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Alien species expanded into new regions over the 40 years, with alien β-diversity driven mostly by species gains. The effect of environmental filtering on alien communities was weaker compared to native communities but was slightly reinforced in the second period compared to the first period, highlighting the role of environmental change in shaping diversity patterns. Native diversity played a key role in driving alien <span>β</span>-diversity, through biotic interactions or/and by reflecting climatic suitability or niche availability for aliens.</p>
More than half of the alien plants naturalised in the arid southeast of the Iberian Peninsula could be invasive
<p>Data set of dthe paper "More than half of the alien plants naturalised in the arid southeast of the Iberian Peninsula could be invasive", by María J. Salinas-Bonillo, Alba Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M. Trinidad Torres-García, Miguel Cueto, and Javier Cabello.</p> <p>This data set includes the scores of the Australian and New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment (AWRA) (Pheloung et al. 1999) for 144 alien plant species naturalised in the arid southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, the geographical coordinates where they are recorded in the wild, and the bibliographic sources from which the information was obtained to answer the AWRA questions.</p>
Fig. 10 in New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2021)
Fig. 10: Gonioinfradens giardi from Kefallonia island. Photo credit: Michail Ragkousis.
Figure 3 in Establishment of an expansion-predicting model for invasive alien cerambycid beetle Aromia bungii based on a virtual ecology approach
Figure 3. Flow chart of simulation procedure the study.
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