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660 results for “Cannabis”
A Cannabis Harm Reduction e-Intervention for Young Cannabis Users With Early Psychosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04968275. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Widely assumed phenotypic associations in Cannabis sativa lack a shared genetic basis
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Input files of various genomic analyses used to unravel the domestication history of Cannabis
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Variant Call File (VCF) for Genome-wide polymorphism and genic selection in feral and domesticated lineages of Cannabis sativa
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Modeling cannabinoids from a large-scale sample of Cannabis sativa chemotypes
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Cannabis industry businesses, organizations, and individuals that lobby in Colorado
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Figure 5 in Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp
Figure 5. Phorodon humuli (Schrank). a) Alate vivipara photomicrograph. b) Antennal segments II–VI. c) Siphunculus. d) Head and antennal segment I (left side dorsum; right side venter). e) Cauda dorsum.
Figure 3. Phorodon cannabis Passerini. a in Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp
Figure 3. Phorodon cannabis Passerini. a) Alate vivipara photomicrograph. b) Antennal segments II-VI. c) Siphunculus. d) Head and antennal segment I (left side dorsum; right side venter). e) Cauda dorsum. f) Enlargement of dorsal abdominal spatulate setae.
Figure 1 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 1 Line drawing adapted from Anderson (1980), courtesy of the Harvard University Herbaria and Botany Libraries.
Figure 5 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 5 Type specimens of C. sativa subsp. indica var. afghanica. Neotype on left (a), epitype on right (b).
Figure 2 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 2 Shifts in THC/CBD ratios over time; data from 47 numbered studies in Suppl. material 1: SF.9. Central Asian landraces in unitalicized red (n =13 studies); "Indica" in underlined unitalicized red (n= 9); South Asian landraces in italicized green (n =18 studies); "Sativa" in underlined italicized green (n =7 studies). Size of numeral reflects the number of accessions analyzed in that study.
Figure 7 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 7 Distribution of herbarium specimens. Red circles: var. asperrima; green triangles: var. himalayensis. Floristic zones based on Djamali et al. (2012): Red area: Irano-Turanian region; green area: Indian region; lilac area: Saharo-Sindian region. Other floristic regions not demarcated and unlabeled. Background base map by Natural Earth, free open-source map data (https:// www.naturalearthdata.com).
Figure 4 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 4 Two varieties of C. sativa subsp. indica from South Asia. On left a var. indica. On right b var. himalayensis.
Figure 6 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 6 Type specimens of C. sativa subsp. indica var. asperrima. Lectotype on left (a), epitype on right (b).
Figure 3 from: McPartland JM, Small E (2020) A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys 144: 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700
Figure 3 Representative achenes of four varieties Aindica, Rajshahi (Bangladesh), Clarke 1877 (BM) Bindica, Coimbatore (India), Bircher 1893 (K) Cindica, South Africa, Hillig 1996; (IND) Dhimalayensis neotype Ehimalayensis, Bareilly (India), Roxburgh 1796 (K). Fhimalayensis, East Bengal (Bangladesh) Griffith 1835 (GH) Gafghanica neotype Hafghanica epitype Iafghanica Yarkant (Xīnjiāng), Henderson 1871 (LE) Jasperrima lectotype Kasperrima Nuristān (Afghanistan), Street 1965 (F) L Kailiyskiy Alatau (Kazakhstan), Semenov-Tyan-Shansky 1857 (LE).
Data from: Cannabis analgesia in chronic neuropathic pain is associated with altered brain connectivity
Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional brain changes involved in THC modulation of chronic neuropathic pain. Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic radicular neuropathic pain participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial employing a counterbalanced, within-subjects design. Pain assessments and functional resting state brain scans were performed at baseline and after sublingual THC administration. We examined functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and pain related network dynamics using graph theory measures. Results: THC significantly reduced patients' pain compared to placebo. THC-induced analgesia was correlated with a reduction in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the sensorimotor cortex. Moreover, the degree of reduction was predictive of the response to THC. Graph theory analyses of local measures demonstrated reduction in network connectivity in areas involved in pain processing, and specifically in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which were correlated with individual pain reduction. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ACC and DLPFC, two major cognitive-emotional modulation areas, and their connections to somatosensory areas, are functionally involved in the analgesic effect of THC in chronic pain. This effect may therefore be mediated through induction of functional disconnection between regulatory high-order affective regions and the sensorimotor cortex. Moreover, baseline functional connectivity between these brain areas may serve as a predictor for the extent of pain relief induced by THC.
Data from: Compromised external validity: federally produced cannabis does not reflect legal markets
As the most widely used illicit drug worldwide, and as a source of numerous under-studied pharmacologically-active compounds, a precise understanding of variability in psychological and physiological effects of Cannabis varieties is essential. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is designated as the sole legal producer of Cannabis for use in US research studies. We sought to compare the chemical profiles of Cannabis varieties that are available to consumers in states that have state-legalized use versus what is available to researchers interested in studying the plant and its effects. Our results demonstrate that the federally-produced Cannabis has significantly less variety and lower concentrations of cannabinoids than are observed in state-legal U.S. dispensaries. Most dramatically, NIDA's varieties contain only 27% of the THC levels and as much as 11–23 times the Cannabinol (CBN) content compared to what is available in the state-legal markets. Research restricted to using the current range of federally-produced Cannabis thus may yield limited insights into the chemical, biological and pharmacological properties, and medical potential of material that is available in the state markets. Investigation is urgently needed on the full diversity of Cannabis chemotypes known to be available to the public.
Gene copy number is associated with phytochemistry in Cannabis sativa
<p>Gene copy number variation is known to be important in nearly every species where it has been examined. Alterations in gene copy number may provide a fast way of acquiring diversity, allowing rapid adaptation under strong selective pressures, and may also be a key component of standing genetic variation within species. <i>Cannabis sativa </i>plants produce a distinguishing set of secondary metabolites, the cannabinoids, many of which have medicinal utility. Two major cannabinoids -THCA and CBDA - are products of a three-step biochemical pathway. Using whole genome shotgun sequence data for 69 <i>Cannabis</i> cultivars from diverse lineages within the species, we found that genes encoding the synthases in this pathway vary in copy number. Transcriptome sequence data shows that the cannabinoid paralogs are differentially expressed among lineages within the species. We also found that copy number partially explains variation in cannabinoid content levels among <i>Cannabis</i> plants. Our results demonstrate that biosynthetic genes found at multiple points in the pathway could be useful for breeding purposes, and suggest that natural and artificial selection have shaped copy number variation. Truncations in specific paralogs are associated with lack of production of particular cannabinoids, showing how phytochemical diversity can evolve through a complex combination of processes.</p>
Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems
<p>Article, Dataset for the article</p> <p> </p> <h2>Abstract</h2> <div>The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola <span>Cannabis sativae</span> extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam–polyvinyl acetate–polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: <span>Clostridium difficile</span>, <span>Listeria monocytogenes</span>, <span>Enterococcus faecalis</span>, <span>Staphylococcus aureus</span>, <span>Staphylococcus pyrogenes</span>, <span>Escherichia coli</span>, <span>Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>, <span>Salmonella typhimurium</span>, <span>Pseudomonas aereuginosa</span>, and <span>Candida albicans</span> (microorganism count was reduced from ~10<sup>2</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> to <10 CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains <span>Lactobacillus acidophilus</span>, <span>Lactobacillus casei</span>, <span>Lactobacillus plantarum</span>, <span>Lactobacillus brevis</span>, <span>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</span>, <span>Lactobacillus reuteri</span>, <span>Pediococcus pentosaceus</span>, <span>Lactococcus lactis</span>, <span>Lactobacillus fermentum</span>, and <span>Streptococcus thermophilus</span> (microorganism count was increased from ~10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>7</sup>). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.</div> <div> <div> <div>Keywords: </div> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=Cannabis+sativa"><span>Cannabis sativa</span></a>; <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a>; <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=antibacterial">antibacterial</a>; <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=probiotic">probiotic</a>; <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=immunomodulatory">immunomodulatory</a>; <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?q=immunostimulatory">immunostimulatory</a></div> </div>
Figura 2 in Artropofauna asociada al cultivo de Cannabis sativa L., 1753 (Urticales: Cannabaceae) medicinal en Antioquia, Colombia
Figura 2. Número de especies insectos capturados por etapa fenológica y método de captura, en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa. / Number of insect species captured by phenological stage and capture method, in the Cannabis sativa crop.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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