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435 results for “Carabids”
FIGURES 24–28. Antennoseius pyrophilus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 24–28. Antennoseius pyrophilus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 24, Subcapitulum; 25, Right chelicera, lateral view; 26, Left palp (tarsus not shown except palp apotele), dorsal view; 27, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-dorsal view; 28, Right leg III, postero-dorsal view.
FIGURES 20–23. Antennoseius pyrophilus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 20–23. Antennoseius pyrophilus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 20, Dorsal shields; 21, Tritosternum; 22, Ventral shields; 23, Tectum and its variants.
FIGURES 14–15. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 14–15. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, free-living form. 14, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-dorsal view; 15, Right leg III, postero-dorsal view.
FIGURES 5–9. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 5–9. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 5, Subcapitulum; 6, Scanning electron micrograph of palpcoxal seta; 7, Right chelicera, lateral (antiaxial) view; 8, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-lateral view; 9, Right leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURES 1–4. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 1–4. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 1, Dorsal shields; 2, Scanning electron micrograph of anterior portion of podonotal shield and most of leg I; 3, Ventral shields; 4, Tectum.
FIGURES 10–13. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 10–13. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, free-living form. 10, Dorsal shields; 11, Ventral shields; 12, Subcapitulum; 13, Right chelicera, lateral view.
Fig. 2 in Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Abundance and Habitat Preference in Northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil
Fig. 2. Perceptual map of correspondence analysis showing carabid species occurrence in the forest fragment (traps along transect 10–100 m inside the fragment), at the edge (traps along transect of 1–4 m), and in the crop (traps along transect 10–100 m inside the crop). Carabid species names are abbreviated with the first three letters of their genus and first four letters of the species epithet (see Table 1 for complete species names). Small circle represents the location of carabid species; large circle, square, and plus sign indicate the location of traps in edge, forest fragment and crop, respectively.
Fig. 1 in Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Abundance and Habitat Preference in Northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil
Fig. 1. Dendrogram of hierarchical cluster analysis identifying groups of similar carabid species according to abundance in the forest fragment, in the edge, and in the crop. Carabid species names are abbreviated with the first three letters of their genus and first four letters of the species epithet (see Table 1 for complete species names).
A high-quality carabid genome provides insights into beetle genome evolution and cold adaptation
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Trait-modulated decline of carabid beetle occurrence along elevation gradients across the European Alps
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Data from: How the length of genital parts affects copulation performance in a carabid beetle: implications for correlated genital evolution between the sexes
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FIGURE 1. Abacaecus walterrossii n in Abacaecus n. gen. walterrossii n. sp., a notable hypogean carabid species from Sierra Leone, Western Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichinae)
FIGURE 1. Abacaecus walterrossii n. sp., image of holotype habitus (scale bar = 1 mm).
Crop diversity benefits carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes with semi-natural habitats
<p class="LO-Normal">1. In agricultural landscapes, arthropods provide essential ecosystem services such as biological pest control and pollination. Intensified crop management practices and homogenization of landscapes have led to declines among such organisms. Semi-natural habitats, associated with high numbers of these organisms, are increasingly lost from agricultural landscapes but diversification by increasing crop diversity has been proposed as a way to reverse observed arthropod declines and thus restore ecosystem services. However, whether or not an increase in the diversity of crop types within a landscape promotes diversity and abundances of pollinating and predaceous arthropods, and how semi-natural habitats might modify this relationship, is not well understood.</p> <p class="LO-Normal">2. To test how crop diversity and the proportion of semi-natural habitats within a landscape are related to the diversity and abundance of beneficial arthropod communities, we collected primary data from seven studies focusing on natural enemies (carabids and spiders) and pollinators (bees and hoverflies) from 154 crop fields in Southern Sweden between 2007 and 2017.</p> <p class="LO-Normal">3. Crop diversity within a 1-km radius around each field was positively related to the Shannon diversity index of carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes rich in semi-natural habitats. Abundances were mainly affected by the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape, with decreasing carabid and increasing pollinator numbers as the proportion of this habitat type increased. Spiders showed no response to either crop diversity or the proportion of semi-natural habitats.</p> <p class="LO-Normal">4. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. We show that the joint effort of preserving semi-natural habitats and promoting crop diversity in agricultural landscapes is necessary to enhance communities of natural enemies and pollinators. Our results suggest that increasing the diversity of crop types can contribute to the conservation of service-providing arthropod communities, particularly if the diversification of crops targets complex landscapes with a high proportion of semi-natural habitats.</p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p>
Inferring quantitative species interactions of seeds and seed-feeding carabid beetles from ecological survey data
<p>Here, we develop a trait-based approach suitable for creating quantitative networks, i.e. with varying interaction strengths. We applied this method to existing ecological survey data from an arable field of carabid ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from pitfall traps and plant seeds from seed rain traps. We used existing data in the literature to predict a per-individual interaction cost index from carabid and seed size, based on frequency-dependent prey selection and the energetic intake of seeds by carabids. This was scaled up to the population level to create predicted inferred weighted networks using the sampled abundance of carabids and seeds, energetic intake rates in the literature, and assuming bottom up control. From this we calculated a novel predation pressure ratio which was the predicted seed predation (the sum of interaction strengths) relative to seed abundance.</p> <p>This is made available as an R markdown file with associated data files.</p>
Data from: Quantitative genetic analysis of subspecific differences in body shape in the snail-feeding carabid beetle Damaster blaptoides
A dimorphic pattern of macrocephalic (wide, short) and stenocephalic (narrow, long) body shapes is observed in snail-feeding carabid beetles globally. The former exhibits high performance in crushing snail shells with powerful jaws, whereas the latter specializes in eating snails' soft body directly by inserting the head into the shell. In the snail-feeding species Damaster blaptoides, the subspecies D. b. capito has a wide short forebody, and D. b. fortunei has a narrow, long forebody. They exhibit distinct morphologies despite their geographic and phylogenetic proximity. To examine the genetic basis of the morphological differences between these two subspecies, we conducted quantitative genetic analyses by crossing these subspecies and producing F_1 and backcross hybrids. The hybrids had body shapes intermediate between the parental subspecies. The variation between wide, short and narrow, long forebodies was based on negative geneti c correlations between width and length of the head and thorax. Between one and eight genetic factors were involved in the morphological differences between subspecies. We suggest that the morphological integration of forebody parts in a small number of loci has facilitated the marked morphological diversification between subspecies of D. blaptoides.
Data from: Size dependency in colour patterns of Western Palearctic carabids
Body colouration is of high evolutionary relevance for most animals. Several competing hypotheses exist regarding the evolutionary reasons for animal colouration ranging from predator avoidance and sexual advertisement to neutral selection. Among these hypotheses, biophysical principles suggest the thermoregulatory importance of dark colouration which in turn strongly depends on species body size. This body size – darkness trade-off is based on sound theoretical background conceptualized in the thermal melanism hypothesis and is confirmed by numerous case studies for individual species. However, evidence for the general relevance of this trade-off on large spatial and taxonomic scale is still missing. Here we specifically focus on this body size – colouration trade-off for a hyper-diverse and cosmopolitan group of insects, namely ground beetles. We combined colour information with trait data and distributional as well as bioclimatic attributes for more than 1,000 carabid species from the entire Western Palearctic. We quantified species-specific body colouration from high-quality, standardised digital photographs using the Munsell colour system. We detect a strong increase of colour darkness with body size from small to medium-sized carabids up to a body size threshold of 15 mm which is consistent with the thermal melanism hypothesis. However, body size showed no effect above this threshold and colour darkness remained constantly high which is in accordance with previous ideas about the size-dependency of thermoregulative control mechanisms (size dependence hypothesis). By demonstrating a strong tendency towards darkness with increasing body size, we illustrate the inter-specific relevance of body colouration for this cosmopolitan group of ectotherms on a continental scale. The putative thermoregulative trade-off between body size and melanism seems to be of significant importance for carabids on a broad spatial scale and may be a general but still underestimated phenomenon for ectotherms in general, although other mechanistic drivers cannot be completely neglected.
Data from: The effect of plant identity and mixed feeding on the detection of seed DNA in regurgitates of carabid beetles
Carabids are abundant in temperate agroecosystems and play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for weed seed and pest regulation. While there is good knowledge regarding their effects on invertebrate pests, direct evidence for seed predation in the field is missing. Molecular approaches are ideally suited to investigate these feeding interactions; however, the effects of an omnivorous diet, which is characteristic for many carabid species, and seed identity on the detection success of seed DNA has not yet been investigated. In a series of feeding experiments, seeds of six different Central European weed species were fed to beetles of the species Pseudoophonus rufipes, to determine post-feeding seed DNA detection rates and how these are affected by plant identity, meal size and chemical seed composition. Moreover, we investigated the effect of a mixed diet of seed and mealworm on prey DNA detection. Four out of six seed species were detectable for up to five days after consumption and seed species identity significantly affected post-feeding detection rates. Detectability was negatively influenced by protein content and seed mass, whereas oil content and meal size had a positive effect. The mixed diet led to both increased detection rates and post-feeding detection intervals of seed DNA. This suggests that mixed feeding leads to an enhancement of food detection intervals in carabid beetles and that seed identity, their chemical composition and meal size can affect DNA detection of consumed seeds. These aspects and potential implications of this non-invasive approach are discussed as they can become highly relevant for interpreting field derived data.
FIGURE 12 in A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand
FIGURE 12. Berzercon ferdinandi sp. nov., adult male, dorsal idiosoma.
FIGURE 13 in A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand
FIGURE 13. Berzercon ferdinandi sp. nov., adult male, venter.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Berzercon ferdinandi sp. nov., adult female, ventral idiosoma.
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